Swedish Academy

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The Swedish Academy in Stockholm

The Swedish Academy (Swedish: Svenska Academies ) is an academy of science in Sweden with the task of promoting the Swedish language and literature . It is based in the Börshuset in Stockholm . The motto is Snille och smak (genius and taste) .

history

founding

The Swedish Academy was founded on March 20, 1786 by King Gustav III. based on the model of the Académie française . The first permanent secretary of the Swedish Academy was Nils von Rosenstein . Also important founding members were Johan Gabriel Oxenstierna , Johan Henrik Kellgren and Carl Gustaf af Leopold . The Swedish Academy was also known under the name De Aderton (German: The Eighteen ), as it always consists of 18 members who sit on numbered chairs.

tasks

The academy's original task is to promote the Swedish language and literature . To this end, it publishes the Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB) and the Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL).

On behalf of the Nobel Foundation , founded in 1900 , the Academy also awards the Nobel Prize for Literature every year . The first award in 1901 was to the French poet and philosopher Sully Prudhomme . In addition, the Academy awards a number of other prizes and grants, including the Nordic Prize , which is also known in Scandinavia as the "Little Nobel Prize", the Bellman Prize , the Dobloug Prize , the Finland Prize , the Gerard Bonnier Prize and the Kellgren Prize .

Resignations of academy members

In 1989 the Swedish Academy experienced the most serious crisis of recent times: The Iranian revolutionary leader Ayatollah Khomeini sentenced the Indo-British writer Salman Rushdie to a "death sentence" and put a bounty on him because Rushdie had read the novel Die satanic verses supposedly offended Islam . This sparked global outrage. However, the Swedish Academy refused to take an official position on the grounds that, according to traditional principles, the Academy should not express itself on political matters. In protest against this, academy members Werner Aspenström , Kerstin Ekman and Lars Gyllensten announced that they were leaving the academy. However, since the members were elected for life and could not resign, Kerstin Ekman was still considered a member who did not attend the meetings until the resignation was approved in May 2018. Werner Aspenström died in 1997, Lars Gyllensten in 2006.

Since 2005, Knut Ahnlund has not participated in the sessions in protest against Elfriede Jelinek being awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature. Knut Ahnlund died in 2012.

Lotta Lotass has not attended the meetings since November 2015 . Her resignation was formally approved in May 2018.

2018 crisis

The worst crisis in the history of the academy occurred in 2018, when on April 6, 2018 Klas Östergren , Kjell Espmark and Peter Englund , owners of chairs number 11, 10 and 16, announced that they would no longer attend the meetings of the academy. As a result, only 13 of the 18 members were still active. The reason for these departures was the failure of Katarina Frostenson's expulsion , which she and the other members Sara Danius , Jesper Svenbro and Per Wästberg had worked towards. Frostenson and her husband Jean-Claude Arnault were embroiled in a scandal in which Arnault was charged with sexual harassment, indiscretions and financial gain. At the same time, Horace Engdahl , among others, criticized the permanent secretary Sara Danius. King Carl Gustaf intervened personally and called for a solution to the problem. On April 12, 2018, Danius and Frostenson announced that they would no longer participate in the work of the academy, reducing the number of active members to eleven. This made the academy practically incapable of acting, as at least twelve members must be present for a member to dial in. King Carl Gustaf agreed to change the statutes to allow inactive members to resign, which would allow for new elections. Another option would be to try to get the inactive members to return. On April 28, 2018 Sara Stridsberg also announced that she no longer takes part in the work of the academy. Ten of the 18 academy members were still active. On May 2, 2018, King Carl Gustaf informed about a change in the statutes. It enables members of the academy to apply for resignation. In addition, the Academy can decide that members who have been inactive for two years can be considered resigned.

On May 4, 2018, the Swedish Academy announced that it would not award the 2018 Nobel Prize for Literature until 2019 together with the 2019 Prize. In response to this, the “New Academy's Literature Prize” (“den Nya Akademiens litteraturpris”) was launched by a number of Swedish cultural workers. The French writer Maryse Condé was announced as the winner on October 12, 2018 . The prize, endowed with 320,000 crowns , was presented to her on December 9, 2018.

On May 7, 2018, the Academy announced that the resignation requests from Lotta Lotass, Klas Östergren, Sara Stridsberg and Kerstin Ekman had been approved with immediate effect. On August 31, 2018, Danius, Espmark and Englund announced that they would vote for new members for the benefit of the academy. However, you do not plan to take part in the work of the academy again on a permanent basis. In a comment on the Academy's statutes published on September 14, the rule for dialing in new members was interpreted in such a way that at least twelve members must participate in the election, which can also be done by submitting a ballot. So there does not necessarily have to be twelve members present. It was also decided that, in special cases, the king can request an exemption to hold elections with fewer than twelve members. On October 4, 2018, the lawyer Eric Runesson and the writer Jila Mossaed were elected as new members of the academy. This was announced on October 5, 2018. They officially took their seats on their chairs (1 and 15 respectively) on December 20, 2018. The literary scholar , author of numerous books and translator Mats Malm was elected to chair 11 on October 18, 2018 . He also officially joined the Academy on December 20, 2018. From June 1, 2019, Malm will serve as the Academy's permanent secretary. He said he wanted to continue the reform work that had already started.

Jayne Svenungsson applied to resign from the Academy on November 7, 2018 after less than a year of membership because she did not agree with the decision of the other academy members to ask Frostenson to resign. The exit was approved on November 9, 2018.

On November 19, 2018, it was announced that a new Nobel Committee would be formed to carry out work on the selection of winners in 2019 and 2020. It consisted of ten members, five of whom were external experts from outside the academy. The following people were members of the committee:

Peter Englund and Kjell Espmark announced on January 10, 2019 that they were resuming their work in the academy. After the changes have taken place, you want to support the reform of the academy. On January 18, 2019, the Academy announced that a settlement had been reached with Katarina Frostenson , according to which Frostenson would leave the Academy but continue to receive financial support. Tua Forsström was announced as Frostenson's successor in Chair 18 on February 12, 2019. On February 26, 2019, the Academy announced that an agreement had also been reached with Sara Danius to leave the Swedish Academy. The Nobel Foundation announced on March 5, 2019 that Horace Engdahl is leaving the Nobel Committee because he is too involved in the 2018 crisis. The committee will also select a Nobel Prize winner retrospectively for 2018. On March 29, 2019, the election of two additional members to the Academy was announced: Ellen Mattson in Chair 9 and Anne Swärd in Chair 13. Both are writers. When the philosopher and writer Åsa Wikforss dialed into chair 7 on May 9, 2019, the last vacant seat was filled.

Members

Permanent secretaries of the Swedish Academy

No. Seat Permanent secretary Born Years Remarks
01. 11. Nils von Rosenstein 1752 1786-1824
02. 13. Frans Michael Franzén 1772 1824-1834
03. 12. Bernhard von Beskow 1796 1834-1868
04th 05. Johan Erik Rydqvist 1800 1868-1869 per tempo
05. 15th Ludvig Manderström 1806 1869-1872
06th 12. Carl Gustaf Strandberg 1825 1872-1874 per tempo
07th 09. Henning Hamilton 1814 1874-1881
08th. 11. Bror Emil Hildebrand 1806 1881-1883 per tempo
09. 08th. Carl David af Wirsén 1842 1883-1912 pro tempore 1883–1884
10. 06th Hans Hildebrand 1842 1912-0000 per tempo
11. 11. Erik Axel Karlfeldt 1864 1913-1931
12. 14th Per Hallström 1866 1931-1941
13. 13. Österling is different 1884 1941-1964
14th 07th Karl Ragnar Gierow 1904 1964-1977
15th 14th Lars Gyllensten 1921 1977-1986
16. 03. Stubborn Allén 1928 1986-1999
17th 17th Horace Engdahl 1948 1999-2009
18th 10. Peter Englund 1957 2009-2015
19th 07th Sara Danius 1962 2015-2018
20th 04th Not so Olsson 1949 2018-2019 per tempo
21st 11. Mats Malm 1964 since June 1, 2019

Current members

The following people are currently members of the Swedish Academy:

Seat Surname Born Member since Remarks
01 Eric Runesson 1960 2018
02 Bo Ralph 1945 1999
03 Stubborn Allén 1928 1980 permanent secretary 1986–1999
04th Not so Olsson 1949 2008 Executive Secretary 2018-2019
05 vacant vacant since Göran Malmqvist's death in October 2019
06th Tomas Riad 1959 2011
07th Åsa Wikforss 1961 2019
08th Jesper Svenbro 1944 2006
09 Ellen Mattson 1962 2019
10 Peter Englund 1957 2002 permanent secretary 2009–2015
11 Mats Malm 1964 2018 Permanent Secretary since June 1, 2019
12 Per Wästberg 1933 1997 Chairman of the Nobel Committee
13 Anne Swärd 1969 2019
14th vacant vacant since Kristina Lugn's death in May 2020
15th Jila Mossaed 1948 2018
16 Kjell Espmark 1930 1981
17th Horace Engdahl 1948 1997 permanent secretary 1999–2009
18th Tua Forsström 1947 2019

Known deceased members

The following well-known Swedish poets, writers and scientists were members of the Swedish Academy (time of membership in brackets):

See also

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Homepage of the Swedish Academy (Swedish), accessed on November 5, 2012
  2. ↑ därför lämnade Lotta Lotass Svenska academies. Borås Tidning, accessed November 27, 2017 (Swedish).
  3. ↑ Klas Östergren, Kjell Espmark och Peter Englund lämnar Svenska Academies. SVT, accessed April 6, 2018 (Swedish).
  4. ^ Scandal at the Swedish Academy. taz, accessed April 9, 2018.
  5. ^ Chaos in the Nobel Prize Committee. World, accessed April 30, 2018.
  6. ↑ a b Carsten Schmiester: Power word from the king. tagesschau.de, April 11, 2018.
  7. ^ Sara Danius and Katarina Frostenson lämnar Svenska Academies. SVT, accessed April 12, 2018 (Swedish).
  8. ↑ Carsten Schmiester: Nobel Prize Committee is fighting for survival. In: tagesschau.de. April 13, 2018, accessed April 14, 2018 .
  9. ↑ Sara Stridsberg lämnar academies. SVT, accessed April 30, 2018 (Swedish).
  10. ↑ Förtydligande av Svenska Akademiens stadgar nu genomfört. Retrieved May 4, 2018 (Swedish).
  11. ↑ Nobel Prize for Literature will not be awarded in 2018. Zeit Online, May 4, 2018
  12. ↑ Alternative Nobel Prize for Literature: Honor for a "magical narrator". tagesschau.de , October 12, 2018, accessed on October 12, 2018 .
  13. ↑ Utträde for Svenska academies. Swedish Academy press release, accessed May 8, 2018 (Swedish).
  14. ^ Danius och Englund: ”Vi återvänder inte till Akademiens arbete”. SVT, accessed August 31, 2018 (Swedish).
  15. ↑ Stadgar för Svenska Academies. Statutes of the Swedish Academy with comments, accessed on September 20, 2018 (Swedish).
  16. ↑ Michaela Müller: Author on Nobel Prize Academy: "Literature belongs to the whole world" . In: The daily newspaper: taz . December 19, 2018, ISSN  0931-9085 ( taz.de [accessed February 7, 2019]).
  17. ↑ Nya ledamöter i Svenska academies. Swedish Academy press release, accessed October 5, 2018 (Swedish).
  18. ↑ Ny ledamot i Svenska academies. Swedish Academy press release, accessed October 19, 2018 (Swedish).
  19. ↑ Swedish Academy gets a new head. deutschlandfunkkultur.de, published and accessed on April 26, 2019.
  20. ↑ Jayne Svenungsson lämnar Svenska Academies. SVT, accessed November 7, 2018 (Swedish).
  21. ↑ Utträde for Svenska academies. Swedish Academy press release, accessed November 13, 2018 (Swedish).
  22. ↑ Pressmeddelande från Svenska akademien Press release from the Swedish Academy, accessed on November 20, 2018 (Swedish)
  23. ↑ Espmark och Englund återvänder till Academies. Sveriges Radio, accessed January 10, 2019 (Swedish)
  24. ↑ Förlikning mellan Svenska Academies och Katarina Frostenson. Swedish Academy press release, accessed January 18, 2019 (Swedish).
  25. ^ The Swedish Academy elects a new member. Press release from the Swedish Academy, accessed on February 14, 2019.
  26. ↑ Sara Danius lämnar Svenska academies. Swedish Academy press release, accessed February 26, 2019 (Swedish).
  27. ↑ Horace Engdahl lämnar Nobel Committee. SVT, accessed March 5, 2019 (Swedish).
  28. ↑ Nya ledamöter i Svenska academies. Swedish Academy press release, accessed March 29, 2019 (Swedish).
  29. ↑ Swedish Academy elects New Member. Press release from the Swedish Academy, accessed on May 10, 2019.
  30. ↑ Sara Danius ersättare "Samtal med fluctuations Ledde fram till detta" (sv) . In: Expressen . Retrieved April 13, 2018. 
  31. ^ The Swedish Academy appoints a new Permanent Secretary , Swedish Academy press release, accessed April 26, 2019.