Tobis Tonbild Syndicate

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The Tobis Tonbild Syndicate AG , later Tobis industry GmbH (term) and Tobis Filmkunst GmbH , was a great German film production company that existed as an independent company from 1927 to 1942 and significant contribution to the film production in the era of National Socialism had.

It is not to be confused with Tobis Film , which was founded in the 1970s and is so called because its founder's career began as a cashier at Tobis , which is covered in this article.

history

1927-1933

The company was founded on May 12, 1927 as a subsidiary of the record and license company Tri-Ergon-Musik-AG . For sound film company it was only on 30 August 1928 when the Tri-Ergon music AG (St. Gallen) with the Dutch-German H. J. Kitchen Master Limited Partnership (Berlin), the German sound film AG (Hannover) and the Messterton AG (Berlin) merged to form Tobis. The aim of the merger, as the report of the working committee noted, was to unite the various patents in one hand. Behind the struggle for its own patent was the intention to get rid of competition from the American company Warner Bros. , which was using a Western Electric patent .

Through an agreement with Klangfilm GmbH (February 13, 1929) and the American electrical companies General Electric and Western Electric (" Pariser Tonfilmfrieden ", July 22, 1930), the new company, which was initially called "Tonbild-Syndikat AG", But now it was renamed Tobis-Klangfilm, the patents of Klangfilm GmbH, of Siemens, AEG, Polyphon and also of the American corporations are available.

1933-1945

After the UFA , Tobis was the largest German film production company, which made it particularly interesting after the seizure of power in 1933 for the new rulers who wanted to expand their propaganda apparatus and free the UFA, which had already been synchronized, from competitors. Director was Goebbels ' favorite Helmut Schreiber . The sound film patents owned by the parent company Intertobis also played a role . The restructuring of Tobis into a company that could be mediated by the Reich, which began in 1934 and was completed in 1939, represented Goebbels' - successful - first attempt at a hostile takeover of a film company that was completely unnoticed by the public.

Berlin's Tobis, which - like almost all German film production companies - was at the bottom of a profitability crisis in 1936/37, was reorganized. After the purchase of the majority shareholding in Intertobis by Cautio Treuhand GmbH film production in which was Tobis industry GmbH ( term ) transferred, which was renamed "Tobis Filmkunst" on 27 November 1937th The actor Emil Jannings was appointed chairman of the board. In 1942 Tobis was incorporated into the UFA Group and only retained formal independence.

1945–1962

After the end of the Second World War , the Tobis production facilities became part of the newly founded Ufa Group. With the collapse of this group in 1962, the Tobis story came to an end.

Subsidiaries

Numerous subsidiaries belonged to Tobis, including a. Tobis-Cinéma-Film AG , founded on April 6, 1933 in Berlin , which loaned and sold Tobis films abroad. This company has occasionally also produced its own films ( Das Gäßchen zum Paradies , 1936; Condottieri , 1936/37).

In 1933 the Austrian Sascha-Film was majority taken over and renamed Tobis-Sascha-Film AG .

Employee

Actors who often worked for the Tobis were e.g. B. Fita Benkhoff , Charlott Daudert , Elisabeth Flickenschildt , Gustav Fröhlich , Ilse Fürstenberg , Heinrich George , Käthe Haack , Heidemarie Hatheyer , Paul Henckels , Lucie Höflich , Emil Jannings , Eugen Klöpfer , Hilde Körber , La Jana , Günter Lüders , Else von Möllendorff , Harald Paulsen , Mady Rahl , Franz Schafheitlin , Sybille Schmitz , Olga Chekhova , Eduard von Winterstein and the child actor Norbert Rohringer .

Tobis's in-house directors were Karl Anton , Volker von Collande , Erich Engel , Veit Harlan , Paul Heidemann , Max W. Kimmich , Werner Klingler , Wolfgang Liebeneiner , Wolfgang Staudte , Paul Verhoeven and Hans H. Zerlett .

Production group leaders: Karl Anton , Ludwig Behrends , Hans Bertram , Volker von Collande , Herbert Engelsing , Walter F. Fichelscher , Conrad Flockner , Heinrich George , Hermann Grund , Veit Harlan , Heinz Hille , Heinrich Jonen , Fritz Klotzsch , Fred Lyssa , Werner Malbran , Erich von Neusser , Willy Reiber , Bernhard F. Schmidt , Helmut Schreiber , Gerhard Staab , Robert Wuellner .

Cameramen (selection): Heinz Ritter , Richard Angst , Friedl Behn-Grund , Georg Bruckbauer , Eduard Hoesch , Georg Krause , Bruno Mondi and Fritz Arno Wagner .

Composers (selection): Peter Kreuder , Leo Leux , Theo Mackeben , Norbert Schultze and Wolfgang Zeller .

Spokesman for the Tobis weekly newsreel (selection): Harry Giese .

The Tobis films

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Peter Sundarp in: Dona Kujacinski: Horst Wendlandt - The man who brought Winnetou & Edgar Wallace, Bud Spencer & Terence Hill, Otto & Loriot to the cinema. A biography. Schwarzkopf & Schwarzkopf, Berlin 2006, ISBN 978-3-89602-690-3 , p. 183.

See also

Web links

Commons : Tobis-Tonbild-Syndikat  - Collection of images