U 19 (Navy)
|
U 19 (Kriegsmarine) ( previous / next - all submarines ) |
|
|---|---|
| Type : | II B |
| Field Post Number : | M-23 036 |
| Shipyard: | Krupp Germania shipyard in Kiel |
| Construction contract: | February 2, 1935 |
| Build number: | 549 |
| Keel laying: | July 20, 1935 |
| Launch: | December 21, 1935 |
| Commissioning: | January 16, 1936 |
| Commanders: |
|
| Calls: | 20 patrols |
| Sinkings: | |
| Whereabouts: | sunk in the Black Sea itself on September 11, 1944 |
U 19 was a German submarine of type II B , which in the Second World War by the Navy was used.
history
It was in the July 20, 1935 Krupp Germania shipyard in Kiel in Kiel set. Commissioning took place on January 16, 1936 by Lieutenant Viktor Schütze .
From the commissioning until December 31, 1939, it was subordinated to the U-Flotilla "Weddigen" as a combat boat . After the U-Flotilla was reclassified, the boat was a front-line boat in the 1st U-Flotilla in Kiel until April 30, 1940 . From May 1, 1940, it was used as a training boat in the 1st U- Flotilla , from July 1, 1940 as a training boat in the 24th U-Flotilla in Memel , and finally from December 19, 1940 as a school boat in the 22nd U-Flotilla in Gotenhafen , where it remained until it was decommissioned in May 1942. It was then moved overland and the Danube to the Black Sea as part of the 30th U-Flotilla .
U 19 was a few weeks shipyard time spent as a third boat (after U 24 and U 9 ) on the Romanian Danube shipyard in Galati added on December 28, 1942 returned to service and support point U-boat across the Danube Delta and the Black Sea in the in Constanta relocated . There it belonged to the 30th U-Flotilla as a front boat until its self-sinking on September 11, 1944. U 19 drove eleven enemy missions in the Black Sea.
U 19 undertook a total of 20 patrols were on which sunk 15 ships with a total tonnage of 35,871 GRT and damaged two.
Use statistics
First patrol
The boat left Wilhelmshaven on August 25, 1939 at 9:45 a.m. and entered Kiel on September 15, 1939 at 10:00 a.m. No ships were sunk or damaged on this 22-day operation in the North Sea .
Second patrol
The boat left Kiel on September 27, 1939 at 1:55 a.m. and entered Wilhelmshaven on October 1, 1939 at 6:10 p.m. This undertaking in the North Sea had to be canceled after five days due to machine problems. No ships were sunk or damaged.
Third patrol
The boat left Kiel on October 14, 1939 at 2:31 a.m. and entered Wilhelmshaven on October 18, 1939 at 5:45 p.m. On this five-day mine-laying operation in front of the Inner Dowsing lightship, nine mines were laid, on which three ships with a total of 10,970 GRT ran aground and sank.
- October 21, 1939: sinking of the French steamer Capitaine Edmond Laborie (3,087 GRT) ( location ) by a mine hit. He drove in ballast and was on his way from Bordeaux to the Tyne . There were no dead.
- October 21, 1939: The Norwegian steamer Deodata (3,295 GRT) ( Lage ) is sunk by a mine hit. He was ballasted and on his way from Constanța to Grangemouth . There were no dead.
- October 24, 1939: sinking of the Greek steamer Konstantinos Hajipateras (4,592 GRT) ( Lage ) by a mine hit. He had loaded 8,412 tons of scrap and was on his way from Boston to the Tyne. There were four dead.
Fourth patrol
The boat left Wilhelmshaven on November 14, 1939 at 11:50 a.m. and returned there on November 20, 1939 at 11:40 a.m. On this eight-day mining operation off Orfordness , nine mines were laid, on which a ship with 6,371 GRT ran aground and sank.
- November 18, 1939: Sinking of the Yugoslavian steamer Caricia Milica (6,371 GRT) by a mine hit. He was carrying coal and was on his way from the Tyne to Dubrovnik .
Fifth patrol
The boat left Kiel on January 4, 1940 at 10:40 p.m. and returned there on January 12, 1940 at 2:30 p.m. On this seven-day and approximately 1,100 nm over and 85.5 nm underwater expedition in the North Sea and off the Scottish coast, a ship with 1,343 GRT was sunk.
- January 9, 1940: sinking of the Norwegian steamer Manx (1343 BRT) ( position ) by a torpedo . He was carrying coal and was on his way from West Hartlepool to Drammen . There were 13 dead and six survivors.
Sixth patrol
The boat left Kiel on January 18, 1940 at 10:40 p.m. and entered Wilhelmshaven on January 28, 1940 at 3:10 p.m. On this eleven-day and 1,061 nm over and 119.5 nm long undertaking off the British north coast, four ships with 8,855 GRT were sunk.
- January 23, 1940: Sinking of the British steamer Baltanglia (1,523 GRT) ( location ) by a G7e torpedo. He had loaded cargo and was on his way from Homelvik in Norway over the Tyne to Rochester . There were no deaths, 28 survivors.
- January 23, 1940: Sinking of the Norwegian steamer Pluto (1,598 GRT) ( location ) by a G7e torpedo. He drove in ballast and was on the way from mountains to tees . There were no dead.
- January 25, 1940: The Latvian steamer Everne (ex Louvain , 4,434 GRT) is sunk by a G7a torpedo. He had loaded unknown cargo and was on his way from Blyth to Libau . There was one dead and 30 survivors.
- January 25, 1940: Sinking of the Norwegian steamer Gudveig (1,300 GRT) by a G7e torpedo. He was carrying coal and was on his way from the Tyne to Bergen . There were ten dead and eight survivors.
Seventh patrol
The boat left Wilhelmshaven on February 12, 1940 at 6:19 a.m. and returned there on February 26, 1940 at 3:22 p.m. No ships were sunk or damaged during this 15-day, 1,358-nm above and 178-nm-long undertaking in the North Sea. On February 21, 1940, a British U-19 escort attacked Ronaldsay off the Orkney Islands with depth charges and caused minor damage.
Eighth patrol
The boat left Wilhelmshaven on March 14, 1940 at 6:40 p.m. and returned there on March 23, 1940 at 9:30 a.m. Four ships with 5,517 GRT were sunk on this nine-day and 975 nm over and 110 nm underwater undertaking in the North Sea.
- March 19, 1940: Sinking of the Danish steamer Minsk (1,229 GRT) ( location ) by a G7e torpedo. He had an unknown cargo and was on his way to Esbjerg . There were eleven dead and nine survivors.
- March 19, 1940: Sinking of the Danish steamer Charkow (1,026 GRT) ( location ) by a G7e torpedo. He drove in ballast and was on his way from Manchester to Esbjerg (Denmark).
- March 20, 1940: Sinking of the Danish steamer Viking (1,153 GRT) ( location ) by a G7e torpedo. He was in ballast and was on his way from Frederikshavn to Blyth . There were 15 dead and two survivors.
- March 20, 1940: sinking of the Danish steamer Bothal (2,109 GRT) by a G7e torpedo. He was in ballast and was on his way from Frederikshavn to Blyth. There were 15 dead and five survivors.
Ninth patrol
The boat left Wilhelmshaven on April 3, 1940 at 1:15 p.m. and returned there on April 23, 1940 at 7:00 p.m. No ships were sunk or damaged during this 21-day, 1,488-nm above and 418-nm underwater expedition in the Pentland Firth .
Tenth patrol
The boat left Constanța on January 21, 1943 at 2:02 p.m. and returned there on February 19, 1943 at 1:15 p.m. No ships were sunk or damaged during this 30-day, 3,505-nm above and 181.2-nm underwater expedition in the Black Sea and off the Caucasus coast. On February 13, 1943 at 3:45 p.m., the boat off Gelendzhik was attacked by four unidentified aircraft; two depth charges did little damage.
Eleventh patrol
The boat left Constanța on March 17, 1943 at 6:06 a.m. and returned there on March 30, 1943 at 1:45 p.m. On this 14-day expedition in the Black Sea off Sukhumi , a ship with 7,661 GRT was damaged.
Twelfth patrol
The boat left Constanța on April 14, 1943 and returned there on May 4, 1943. No ships were sunk or damaged on this 21-day expedition off the Caucasus coast.
Thirteenth patrol
The boat left Constanța on June 10, 1943 at 13:51 and returned there on July 10, 1943 at 8:00. No ships were sunk or damaged during this 23-day, 2,952.4 nm above and 340.7 nm underwater expedition in the Black Sea and off the Caucasus coast.
Fourteenth patrol
The boat left Constanța on July 25, 1943 at 2:00 p.m. and returned there on August 24, 1943 at 11:00 a.m. No ships were sunk or damaged during this 31-day expedition in the Black Sea off the Caucasus coast.
Fifteenth patrol
The boat left Constanța on November 11, 1943 at 5:15 p.m. and returned there on December 2, 1943 at 12:15 p.m. No ships were sunk or damaged during this 23-day expedition in the Black Sea off the Caucasus coast.
Sixteenth patrol
The boat left Constanța on December 22, 1943 at 7:00 a.m. and returned there on January 19, 1944 at 9:45 a.m. No ships were sunk or damaged during this 29-day, 3,331.3 nm above and 182.7 nm underwater operation in the Black Sea off the Caucasus coast.
Seventeenth patrol
The boat left Constanța on February 10, 1944 at 3:50 a.m. and returned there on March 7, 1944 at 10:00 a.m. No ships were sunk or damaged during this 27-day, 2,723.1 nm above and 412 nm underwater expedition in the Black Sea and on the Caucasus coast.
Eighteenth patrol
The boat left Constanța on April 10, 1944 at 1:48 p.m. and returned there on May 6, 1944 at 9:30 a.m. No ships were sunk or damaged during this 27-day, 3,013.3 nm over and 356.7 nm underwater undertaking in the Black Sea and off the Caucasus coast.
Nineteenth patrol
The boat left Constanța on June 6, 1944 at 2:00 p.m. and returned there on July 8, 1944 at 8:45 a.m. During this 33-day expedition in the Black Sea and off the Caucasus coast, a barge with around 500 GRT was sunk.
- June 27, 1944: sinking of the Soviet barscha Barscha (No. 75) (approx. 500 GRT) by a G7e torpedo.
Twentieth patrol
The boat left Constanța on August 25, 1944. During the last 17 days in the Black Sea off Constanța, a mine sweeper was sunk. After the loss of the Constanța base, the boat was self- sunk by its crew off the Turkish Black Sea coast.
- September 2, 1944: Sinking of the Soviet minesweeper BTSC-410 Wschryw (441 t) ( location ) by a torpedo.
Whereabouts
U 19 , like U 9 , U 18 and U 24, belonged to the boats of the 30th U-Flotilla, which were and were not badly damaged during the Soviet air raid on the Constanța submarine base at the pier there on August 20, 1944 were more or hardly usable.
The U 19 was fully equipped before a new mission and had initially returned to the U base on the morning of August 20, 1944 after trimming and diving tests in the sea area off Constanța. During the air attack that followed, the entire tower cladding and the "winter garden platform" were severely damaged and the wooden upper deck cladding burned. The central viewing tube and the 2 cm double flak were no longer usable. In addition, the attack caused U 19 to mourn two crew members and the net deflectors were destroyed and the front diving cell was damaged. However, because the pressure hulls and machines were not damaged, U 19 ran after an emergency antenna (instead of the net deflector ) and other urgent repairs with its own resources on August 25, 1944 for the ordered operational area east of Constanța.
On September 2, 1944, at dawn, the boat was in front of the eastern lock gap and sank the minesweeper Wrschyw (441 t) with a torpedo from a Soviet convoy going to Constanța .
On September 9, 1944 at 6:00 p.m., the commanders of the boats U 20 and U 23 still at sea met again on board U 19 - about 200 nautical miles off the Turkish coast at position 42 ° 35 ′ N , 30 ° 20 ′ E - for a final discussion on how to proceed.
U 19 was self-scuttled by the crew on 10 September 1944 at 10:35 p.m. after the fuel had been used up on the Turkish Black Sea coast northwest of Kilimli near Zonguldak. The position was 41 ° 34 ′ N , 31 ° 50 ′ E in marine grid reference CL 7445. The boat's crew, with the exception of the demolition squad, entered Turkish territory beforehand in small groups. The crew and demolition squad were arrested a few hours later and interned in Turkey for the remainder of the war.
Contrary to the plan, instead of September 10, 1944, U 19 was sunk on September 11, 1944 at around 11:15 p.m. at the aforementioned coordinates by demolition by the commander Hubert Verpoorten and the chief engineer Fritz Arndt = demolition command himself. The occupation was arrested by Turkish officials and soldiers on September 12, 1944 at around 9:30 p.m. at Filyos train station.
Individual evidence
- ↑ https://www.uboat.net/boats/u19.htm
- ↑ https://www.uboat.net/boats/u19.htm
- ↑ reply of the commander, Oblt.zS Ohlenburg, of 19 November 1962 request by Prof. Dr. Rohwer, Library for Contemporary History Stuttgart.
- ↑ Position after Verpoorten
Map with all coordinates: