U 84 (Navy)

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U 84 (Kriegsmarine)
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Type : VII B
Field Post Number : M 40 057
Shipyard: Flender-Werke , Lübeck
Construction contract: June 9, 1938
Build number: 280
Keel laying: November 9, 1939
Launch: February 26, 1941
Commissioning: April 29, 1941
Commanders:

Lieutenant Captain Horst Uphoff

Flotilla:
  • April - August 1941
    1st U-Flotilla training boat
  • September 1941 - August 1943
    1st U-Flotilla front boat
Calls: 8 activities
Sinkings:

6 ships (29,905 GRT)

Whereabouts: sunk in the North Atlantic on August 7, 1943

U 84 was a German submarine of type VII B , which in World War II by the German navy was used.

history

The order for the boat was placed on June 9, 1938 by the Flender works in Lübeck . The keel was laid on November 9, 1939, the launch on February 26, 1941. The commissioning under Oberleutnant zur See Horst Uphoff finally took place on April 29, 1941. Like most German submarines of its time, the U 84 also had a boat-specific symbol on the submarine tower : a howling wolf with a pinched tail.

After its commissioning on April 29, 1941, until its loss in August 1943, the boat belonged to the 1st U-Flotilla in Kiel and Brest as a training and front boat .

Use statistics

During his service, Commander Horst Uphoff led U 84 on eight operations, on which he sank six ships with a total tonnage of 29,905  GRT and damaged one with a tonnage of 7,176 GRT.

First venture

The boat was on August 9, 1941 at 19:00 by mountains and on 22 September 1941 at 12:30 in Lorient one. On this 44-day trip, the boat covered about 6,150 nm above and 290 nm under water. This venture took the boat to the North Atlantic and southwest of Iceland . No ships were sunk or damaged in the process. U 84 belonged to the submarine groups with the cover names "Greenland" and "Margrave", which were supposed to seek combat with Allied convoy trains according to the pack tactics developed by Karl Dönitz .

Second venture

The boat left Lorient on October 16, 1941 at 1.30 p.m. and entered Brest on November 18, 1941. No ships were sunk or damaged on this 34-day expedition in the North Atlantic southeast of Greenland and Newfoundland . U 84 belonged to the submarine groups with the cover names "Schlagetot" and "Raubritter".

Third company

The boat left Brest on December 21, 1941 at 6:00 p.m. and returned there on February 7, 1942 at 2:15 p.m. No ships were sunk or damaged on this 48-day trip to the West Atlantic to the Newfoundland Bank and Nova Scotia .

Fourth venture

The boat left Brest on March 16, 1942 at 6:02 p.m. and returned there on May 15, 1942 at 2:30 p.m. U 84 entered Lorient on March 17 to take over torpedoes and left again on the same day. On April 2, 1942, it took over 19 m³ of fuel from U A. On this 50-day undertaking, the boat covered 8,306 nm above and 322 nm under water. On this venture, the boat patrolled the North and West Atlantic and off the east coast of the USA. Two ships with a total of 8,240 GRT were sunk.

  • April 8, 1942: Sinking of the Yugoslavian steamer Nemanja ( Lage ) with 5,226 GRT. The steamer was sunk by a torpedo . He had loaded 7,207 t of sugar and was en route from Halifax (Nova Scotia) to Great Britain. There were 13 dead and 34 survivors.
  • April 21, 1942: sinking of the Panamanian steamer Chenango with 3,014 GRT. The steamer was sunk by two torpedoes. He had manganese ore loaded and was on his way from Santos to Baltimore . There were 36 dead and one survivor.

Fifth venture

The boat left Brest on June 10, 1942 at 9:00 p.m. and returned there on August 13, 1942 at 6:30 p.m. It was supplied with 61 m³ of fuel and provisions by U 459 on June 27, 1942 and 12 m³ of fuel by U 463 on July 31, 1942 . On this 64-day and approximately 10,660 nm above and 633 nm underwater expedition into the North Atlantic west of Spain , the western Atlantic and the Caribbean , three ships with 14,206 GRT were sunk and one ship with 7,176 GRT was damaged. U 84 belonged to the “Endrass” group.

  • June 23, 1942: sinking of the Norwegian steamer Torvanger ( Lage ) with 6,568 GRT. The steamer was sunk by two torpedoes. He had loaded 8,000 tons of aircraft parts and general cargo and was on the way from New York and Halifax (Nova Scotia) to Alexandria . There were four dead and 33 survivors.
  • July 13, 1942: sinking of the American steamer Andrew Jackson with 5,990 GRT. The steamer was sunk by two torpedoes. He drove in ballast and was on his way from Cristóbal to Key West . There were three dead and 46 survivors.
  • July 19, 1942: sinking of the Honduran steamer Baja California ( Lage ) with 1,648 GRT. The steamer was sunk by two torpedoes. He had loaded general cargo and tobacco and was on his way from New Orleans to Key West. There were three dead and 34 survivors.
  • July 21, 1942: Damage to the US steamer William Cullen Bryant with 7,176 GRT. The steamer was damaged by a torpedo. He had sugar loaded and was on his way from Hilo to Philadelphia . He entered Key West on July 23, 1942. The ship belonged to convoy TAW-4J.

Sixth venture

The boat left Brest on September 29, 1942 at 5.45 p.m. and returned there on December 7, 1942 at 12.30 p.m. It was supplied with fuel and provisions by U 460 on November 26, 1942 . On this 69-day adventure, the boat covered around 8,850 nm above and 281 nm under water. On this venture, U 84 patrolled the North Atlantic and east of Newfoundland. Commander Uphoff sank a ship with 7,459 GRT. U 84 belonged to submarine groups with the cover names "Panther", "Veilchen" and "Kreuzotter".

  • November 2, 1942: sinking of the British steamer Empire Sunrise with 7,459 GRT. The steamer was sunk by two torpedoes. He had loaded 10,000 tons of steel and timber and was on the way from Three Rivers via Sydney to Belfast . The ship belonged to convoy SC-107 with 42 ships. There were no casualties and 51 survivors.

Seventh venture

The boat left Brest on February 17, 1943 at 3:30 p.m. and returned there on May 4, 1943 at 10:00 p.m. It was supplied with fuel and provisions by U 487 on April 25, 1943 . On this 77-day trip, the boat covered around 10,000 nm above and 230 nm under water. The company took the boat to the North Atlantic, northeast of Newfoundland, south of Greenland and southeast of Iceland. No ships were sunk or damaged. U 84 belonged to the submarine groups with the cover names "Burggraf", "Sturmbock", "Wildfang", "Seewolf", "Adler", "Meise" and "Specht".

Eighth venture

The boat left Brest on June 10, 1943 at 11.30 a.m. and was sunk on August 7, 1943. U 84 was supplied with 40 m³ of fuel from U 536 on June 23, 1943 . No ships were sunk or damaged on this 71-day expedition in the mid-Atlantic and southwest of the Azores .

Whereabouts

U 84 was on August 19, 1943 in the North Atlantic by an air torpedo a US bomber of the type B-24 Liberator in position 27 ° 55 '  N , 68 ° 3'  W sunk. All 46 crew members were killed.

U 84 did not lose any crew members during its service before the sinking.

According to Busch, Röll Volume 4, p. 135, “U 84 has been missing in the western Atlantic since August 7, 1943. The last radio signal from the boat took place on August 7, 1943. After no further reports were received, U 84 was declared missing on August 26, 1943. The earlier assumption that U 84 was sunk on August 24, 1943 by Avengers of Squadron VC-13 of escort carrier CORE , is not correct. The object attacked by the Avenger was probably not a submarine. "

literature

  • Clay Blair : The Submarine War. Volume 1: The Hunters. 1939-1942. Heyne, Munich 1998, ISBN 3-453-12345-X .
  • Clay Blair: The Submarine War. Volume 2: The Hunted, 1942–1945. Heyne, Munich 1998, ISBN 3-453-16059-2 .
  • Rainer Busch, Hans-Joachim Röll: The submarine war 1939-1945. Volume 1: The German submarine commanders. ES Mittler und Sohn, Hamburg et al. 1996, ISBN 3-8132-0490-1 .
  • Rainer Busch, Hans-Joachim Röll: The submarine war 1939-1945. Volume 2: U-boat construction in German shipyards. ES Mittler und Sohn, Hamburg et al. 1997, ISBN 3-8132-0512-6 .
  • Rainer Busch, Hans-Joachim Röll: The submarine war 1939-1945. Volume 3: German submarine successes from September 1939 to May 1945. ES Mittler und Sohn, Hamburg et al. 2001, ISBN 3-8132-0513-4 .
  • Rainer Busch, Hans-Joachim Röll: The submarine war 1939-1945. Volume 4: German submarine losses from September 1939 to May 1945. ES Mittler und Sohn, Hamburg et al. 1999, ISBN 3-8132-0514-2 .
  • Rainer Busch, Hans-Joachim Röll: The submarine war 1939-1945. Volume 5: The knight's cross bearers of the submarine weapon from September 1939 to May 1945. ES Mittler and Son, Hamburg et al. 2003, ISBN 3-8132-0515-0 .
  • Erich Gröner : Die Handelsflotten der Welt 1942 and supplement 1944. JF Lehmanns Verlag, Munich 1976, ISBN 3-469-00552-4 (reprint of the 1942–1943 edition).
  • Erich Gröner: Search list for ship names (= The merchant fleets of the world. Supplementary volume). JF Lehmanns Verlag Munich 1976, ISBN 3-469-00553-2 (reprint of the 1943 edition).
  • Paul Kemp: The German and Austrian submarine losses in both world wars. Urbes Verlag, Graefelfing before Munich 1998, ISBN 3-924896-43-7 .

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Georg Högel: Emblems, coats of arms, Malings German submarines 1939-1945. 5th edition. Koehlers Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, Hamburg 2009, ISBN 978-3-7822-1002-7 , page 52

See also