Vitória

The title of this article is ambiguous. For further meanings see Vitoria .

Vitória
Coordinates: 20 ° 18 ′  S , 40 ° 19 ′  W Vitória​ Vitória on the map of Espírito Santo
Basic data
Country	Brazil
State	Espírito Santo
City foundation	September 8, 1551
Residents	362,097  (estimate as of July 1, 2019)
City insignia
Detailed data
surface	98.194 km²
Population density	3,327.73 inhabitants / km 2
height	12  m
Time zone	UTC −3
City Presidency	Luciano Rezende (PPS), 2013–2016
Website	www.vitoria.es.gov.br
View of Vitória

Vitória is the capital of the Brazilian state of Espírito Santo (ES). It is located 530 kilometers northeast of Rio de Janeiro on a small island in the Baía de Vitória bay , where several rivers flow into the Atlantic . The city was founded by the Portuguese on September 8, 1551 and had a population of 327,801 at the 2010 census, and an estimated 362,097 inhabitants on July 1, 2019. The Vitória metropolitan area with the neighboring communities of Cariacica , Serra and Vila Velha has a population of over one million.

The city is an average of 12 meters above sea level. The climate is tropical and humid, with average monthly temperatures of 24 ° C in winter and 30.4 ° C in summer.

Vitória is the seat of a Catholic archbishop, a federal university (Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, UFES for short) and a German and Austrian honorary consulate.

In 1998 the United Nations rated Vitória as the city with the fourth best quality of life in Brazil, even though there is an unrestrained crime rate in its immediate vicinity. The murder rate in Groß-Vitória, for example, is higher than in São Paulo or Rio de Janeiro (murders per 100,000 inhabitants). In the first half of 2003 59 buses were attacked in Groß-Vitória alone.

The Atlantic archipelago of Trindade and Martim Vaz, which is far off the coast, is part of the city of Vitória.

Vitória is connected to one of Brazil's most important federal highways, the BR-101 , which follows a large part of the country's Atlantic coast from north to south.

history

The city was founded shortly after the arrival of the owner of the captaincy Espirito Santo Vasco Fernandes Coutinho (1490–1561) in Vila Velha (today the neighboring city). First he settled the colonists there, but the mainland quickly became too dangerous due to attacks by Dutch and French traders, so that the island became home to the colonists. Vila Nova do Espírito Santo, as the settlement was initially called, was founded on September 8, 1551, but later renamed Vitória in memory of the battle against the Goitacases (Brazilian natives) under the leadership of Vasco Fernandes Coutinhos.

During the first half of the 19th century Vitória was seen as a backward, agricultural town. The economic metropolis of Espirito Santo at that time was Cachoeiro de Itapemirim . Only after the proclamation of the republic as a form of government in 1889 was the decision taken to modernize the federal capital.

In 1892 Muniz Freire began his four-year term in office to improve the infrastructure and to take out a loan of 700 million French francs . His idea was to establish Vitória as an export location through the improved infrastructure. From 1894 the growth of the city and the increasing activity of the ports were clearly visible.

In 1908 Jerônimo Monteiro became governor of the state and continued town planning. During his reign, Vitória drew level with Cachoeiro de Itapemirim as an economic center. This was aided by the completion of the railroad between these two cities in 1911 . In addition, many projects such as the construction of schools, the Moscoso Park and the “Santa Casa da Misericordia” hospital as well as the establishment of the city archive, the library and the state museum were carried out.

In 1989 the four-lane bridge Ponte Deputado Darcy Castello de Mendonça , generally known only as the 3ª Ponte between Vila Velha and Vitória, was put into operation. This has now become the main connection between the two cities and is therefore often overwhelmed. Traffic jams during rush hour are the order of the day.

Economy, port and airport

Port entrance of Vitória

Vitória is an important port city with a total of three ports, including Porto de Tubarão , the most important ore export port in Brazil. About five million tons of hot metal are exported annually through this and Paul Pier . The pig iron is produced in the states of Minas Gerais and Espírito Santo using large amounts of charcoal , which is mainly obtained from fast-growing eucalyptus .

The annual export volume of iron ore is approximately eighty to one hundred million tons. Export destinations are China , Taiwan , the United States and Europe . The largest local commercial enterprise is the integrated ArcelorMittal steelworks , formerly “Companhía Siderúrgica Tubarão” (CST).

The international airport Eurico de Aguiar Salles Airport ( IATA code : VIX) - for max. 560,000 passengers a year - handled 2.34 million passengers in 2010 and was thus far overloaded. The work on the second runway, the control tower and the new check-in hall were stopped in 2008 after inconsistencies in the financing.

After years of uncertainty about funding, work finally resumed in June 2015. The new slope is 2058 m long and 45 m wide. The new terminal was opened on March 29, 2018. The airport was for a max. Number of passengers of 8.7 million per year.

Climate table

Vitória
Climate diagram
J F. M. A. M. J J A. S. O N D.     143   31 23     82   32 24     111   31 23     89   29 22nd     81   28 21st     65   27 20th     78   26th 19th     55   27 19th     78   27 20th     127   27 21st     171   28 22nd     195   30th 22nd Temperature in ° C ,  precipitation in mm Source: wetterkontor.de

Average monthly temperatures and rainfall for Vitória Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Max. Temperature ( ° C ) 30.9 31.6 31.1 29.4 27.9 26.7 25.9 26.6 26.5 27.3 28.2 29.6 O 28.5 Min. Temperature (° C) 23.1 23.7 23.4 22.3 20.8 19.5 18.8 19.2 19.8 20.8 21.6 22.4 O 21.3 Precipitation ( mm ) 143 82 111 89 81 65 78 55 78 127 171 195 Σ 1,275 Hours of sunshine ( h / d ) 7.6 8.0 7.0 6.5 6.9 6.9 6.5 7.3 5.9 5.3 4.9 5.5 O 6.5 Rainy days ( d ) 7th 5 8th 8th 6th 6th 6th 6th 9 11 12 13 Σ 97 Water temperature (° C) 26th 27 26th 26th 25th 24 23 23 22nd 24 24 25th O 24.6 Humidity ( % ) 76 75 76 76 76 77 77 76 77 78 78 78 O 76.7 Source: wetterkontor.de

Archdiocese of Vitória

Vitória is the seat of the Archdiocese of Vitória . The episcopal church is the Nossa Senhora da Vitória cathedral .

Town twinning

According to its own information, Vitória is twin cities

Cascais , Portugal (since 1986) Miami-Dade County (Florida) USA (since 1997) Mobile (Alabama) , USA (since 1998) Qingdao , China (since 1998)

Iquique , Chile (since 2005) Dunkerque , France (since 2005) Zhuhai , China (since 2008)

Born in Vitória

• Paulo Mendes da Rocha (* 1928), architect
• Roberto Menescal (* 1937), musician and music producer
• Arturo Sudbrack Jamardo (1954-2019), pianist
• Marcos Soares Tatagiba (* 1963), medical doctor and university professor
• Geovani Faria da Silva (born 1964), football player
• José Loiola (* 1970), beach volleyball player
• Alison Cerutti (* 1985), beach volleyball player
• Liliane Maestrini (* 1987), beach volleyball player
• Esquiva Falcão Florentino (* 1989), amateur boxer

Web links

Commons : Vitória  - collection of images, videos and audio files

• http://www.vitoria-es-brasil.com (Portuguese, German)

swell

1. ↑ ^{a b} Vitória - Panorama. In: cidades.ibge.gov.br. Retrieved August 31, 2019 (Brazilian Portuguese). 
2. ↑ (Source: A Tribuna. July 4, 2004, p. 14)
3. ↑ Ilha da Trindade, parte integrante de Vitória, é tombada pelo do Iphan
4. ↑ (Source: A Gazeta March 12, 2011, p. 13)
5. ^ Vitória website