Below (noble family)
Below is the name of an old Mecklenburg - Pomeranian noble family with a parent company (today Bälau ) near Bredenvelde , which is mentioned in Ratzeburg as early as 1194 and a later parent company Below near Goldberg .
history
The family first appeared in a document in 1217 with Nicolaus de Below as a witness to donations from the Counts of Schwerin to the Ratzeburg diocese . In 1296, Wluoldus de Belowe appears as the truchess of Duke Bogislaw IV of Pomerania . With him, the sex was established in Western Pomerania and later also in Western Pomerania . Mecklenburg's Below was first mentioned in 1296 when Prince Nikolaus II von Werle sold his property in Below and other places in the vicinity of Goldberg to the Cistercian monks of the Neuenkamp monastery in Franzburg in Western Pomerania . Witnesses at that time were Ywanus de Belowe, whose family were the locators of Below and who gave the village its name. In 1249 the brothers Ivan I and Nikolaus II von Below were still part of the retinue of Prince Pribislaw I.
In the account book of the Dobbertin monastery, which was kept from 1491, it is noted that in 1682 the virgin Dorothea Elisabeth von Below was given to the monastery . In the registration book of the Dobbertin monastery from 1696 to 1918 there are further entries from daughters of the von Below family from 1797 to 1872 for inclusion in the local aristocratic women's monastery . The coat of arms with attached star of the order of the conventual Caroline von Below is on the nun gallery in the monastery church , her grave place in the monastery cemetery Dobbertin .
In the 19th century, the von Below owned possessions in Western Pomerania in the Greifswald district. The goods were in Salchow and Jargelin between Greifswald and Anklam. Through these possessions they were permanent members of the district council. In the Greifswald district building a coat of arms frieze of the members was attached, which also contained that of the von Below.
On May 15, 1900, the family was granted the right to present the Prussian manor house by the crown because of the 600-year ownership in Pomerania .
coat of arms
- The seal of those von Below from 1299 shows a shield with three double-headed eagles (2 over 1). “Like other genders, the v. Below, instead of the threefold shield figure, it was only taken once into its seal, in 1353, without a doubt, because with the smaller formats that were becoming common, a sufficiently clear representation of the shield figure in the majority was not feasible. "
- The Mecklenburg tribe carries a black double-headed eagle in silver . On the helmet with its black and silver covers stands a black double-headed eagle held by two armored arms.
- The Pomeranian tribe has three (2, 1) male heads in blue with hanging silver caps with blue facings. On the helmet with blue-silver blankets a head with the cap in front of a natural peacock bump .
Historical coats of arms
Coat of arms of the von Below I and II in Siebmacher's Wappenbuch 1605
Known family members
- Alexander von Below (1801–1882), landowner, member of the Reichstag and member of the Prussian manor house
- Almuth von Below-Neufeldt (* 1954), German politician, member of the Free Democratic Party and the Lower Saxony State Parliament
- Andreas von Below (1763-1820), Livonian land marshal
- August Adolph von Below (1715–1787), Saxon chamberlain, landowner ( Großwelka ) and “counter dealer” of the Margraviate of Upper Lusatia
- Anton von Below (1808–1896), Prussian lieutenant general
- Bernd Johann Carl Friedrich von Below (1762–1834), Colonel, long-time city commandant of Rostock
- Carl von Below (1847–1903), Prussian major general
- Casper Ludwig von Below (1745–1794), West Prussian district administrator and landscape director
- Claus von Below (1866–1939), German diplomat
- Eduard von Below (1856–1942), General of the Infantry, Knight of the Pour le Mérite
- Ernst von Below (1863–1955), General of the Infantry, Knight of the Pour le Mérite
- Ferdinand von Below (1812–1870), Prussian major general, knight of the Pour le Mérite
- Friedrich George Wilhelm von Below (1769–1812), District Administrator of the Schlawe district
- Friedrich Karl Ludwig von Below (1750–1814), Landstallmeister at the Trakehnen stud
- Fritz von Below (1853–1918), Prussian infantry general in World War I, knight of Pour le Mérite
- Georg von Below (1858–1927), constitutional and economic historian
- Gerd von Below (General) (1838-1892), Prussian Lieutenant General
- Gerd Bogislav von Below (1726–1786), German colonel
- Gerd Heinrich von Below (1676–1743), German lawyer and judge
- Gerd-Paul von Below (1892–1953), German major general
- Gerda von Below (1894–1975), married Freifrau Treusch von Buttlar-Brandenfels , German writer
- Gustav von Below (1790–1843), Pomeranian squire and Pietist, see Below movement
- Gustav von Below (1791-1852), Prussian Lieutenant General, member of the East Prussian Provincial Parliament
- Gustav von Below (1855–1940), Prussian diplomat, member of the Prussian manor house
- Hans Vinzent Stanislaus von Below (1862–1933), Prussian lieutenant general, knight of the Pour le Mérite
- Hans Karl Friedrich Franz von Below (1764–1840), Prussian major general, knight of the Pour le Mérite
- Heinrich von Below (1856–1907), Prussian district administrator
- Heino Friedrich von Below (1681–1750), district administrator of the Schlawe-Pollnow district
- Hugo von Below (1824–1905), Prussian lieutenant general, knight of the Pour le Mérite, honorary citizen of the city of Posen
- Jürgen (Georg) von Below (1525–1589), court marshal, monastery captain 1557–1562 and provisional 1566–1589 in the Dobbertin monastery .
- Karl von Below (1818–1897), Prussian lieutenant general
- Karl Friedrich von Below (1794–1867), Real Councilor of State and Deputy Governor of Estonia from 1842 to 1852
- Lorenz Ludwig von Below (1692–1760), Prussian lieutenant general
- Ludwig von Below (1779–1859), Prussian lieutenant general, director of the Potsdam military orphanage
- Marie von Below (1861–1903), grandmother of Wernher von Braun
- Matthias Wilhelm von Below (1722–1798), Prussian lieutenant general, governor of the fortress Stettin
- Nikolaus Bertram von Below (1728–1779), President of the Chamber
- Nicolaus von Below (1907–1983), Colonel, Air Force Adjutant to Adolf Hitler (1937–1945)
- Nikolaus von Below (1837-1919), landowner and member of the Prussian manor house
- Nikolaus von Below (1648–1707), Prussian major general, knight of the order De la Générosité
- Nikolaus von Below (1855–1915), Prussian major general
- Ottilie von Below (1837-1894), German writer
- Otto von Below (1857–1944), infantry general in World War I, knight of the Pour le Mérite
- Paul Friedrich von Below (1858–1924), major general
- Richard von Below (politician) (1833–1875), German landowner and politician
- Richard von Below (painter) (1879–1925), German painter and illustrator
- Theodor von Below (1765–1839), Prussian lieutenant general, knight of the Pour le Mérite
- Werner von Below (1784–1847), Prussian major general
- Werner von Below (1841–1910), Prussian major general
- Wilhelm von Below (1783–1864), Prussian lieutenant general
literature
- Oskar Pusch : Von Below, a German family from the Baltic Sea region. Research Center East Central Europe at the University of Dortmund, Series No. 27, Dortmund 1974.
- Genealogical manual of the nobility . Nobility Lexicon. Volume I, Volume 53 of the complete series, CA Starke Verlag, Limburg (Lahn) 1972, ISSN 0435-2408 .
- Fred Beckendorff: Historic field stone church Below . Regensburg 1998.
- Eberhard and Felicitas von Below: 120 years of family association. 1. Supplement to the family book (Oskar Pusch, Dortmund 1974), Kleinburgwedel-Bonn 2000.
- Gothaisches genealogical pocket book of noble houses 1902 . Third year, p. 70ff. Below and Bölau
- Genealogical paperback of the knights and Aristocratic families 1881. Sixth year, p. 22ff.
swell
- Mecklenburg record book (MUB)
- Mecklenburg Yearbooks (MJB)
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Mecklenburgisches Urkundenbuch (MUB) Volume I. Schwerin (1863) No. 633.
- ↑ MUB, Volume I.
- ^ Copiar in the Council Archives Greifswald, Bl. 19-20; printed in the Pomeranian Document Book, Vol. III, p. 289, No. 1783
- ↑ MUB Volume III. (1865) No. 2251.
- ↑ MUB Volume I. (1863) No. 633
- ^ Genealogical handbook of the nobility. Nobility Lexicon. Volume ICA Starke-Verlag, Limburg 1972, p. 299.
- ↑ Friedrich Crull: The coats of arms of the genders of the team that occurred up to 1360 in today's borders of Meklenburg. ( Memento from May 5, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) In: Yearbooks of the Association for Mecklenburg History and Archeology. Vol. 52 (1887), p. 50.
- ↑ Genealogical Handbook of the Baltic Knighthoods , Part 2,3 ,: Estland, Vol. 3, Görlitz, 1930, pp. 354–355 .