Julius Albert

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Julius Albert

Julius Albert or Wilhelm Albert (full name Wilhelm August Julius Albert ; born January 24, 1787 in Hanover , † July 4, 1846 in Clausthal ) was a Hanoverian lawyer , Oberbergrat with senior rank and engineer . The "father and steward of the Harz " helped the Upper Harz mining industry to flourish again not least by creating the " deep water route " and is also considered the inventor of the wire rope .

Life

family

Wilhelm August Julius Albert "came from a respected bourgeois family ": He was the grandson of the rector Johann Friedrich Albert , who worked in Nordhausen , and also the son of the mayor of the Neustadt in Hanover, Johann August Julius Albert (1752-1815), and Dorothee Elisabeth (1749-1815) ), Daughter of the secretary Ohsen employed at the Higher Regional Court in Celle .

Career

Wilhelm August Julius Albert was born in 1787 at the time of the Electorate of Hanover during the personal union between Great Britain and Hanover . Due to his musical talent, Albert's father originally wanted him to be trained as a musician, but the boy showed other interests. During the so-called “ French era ”, he went to Göttingen in 1803 to begin studying law at the university there , and then to switch to the mining subject. In 1806 Albert got his first job as an auditor at the mining and forestry offices of the Harz mining towns of Clausthal and Zellerfeld . From 1808 he worked as a mountain clerk. In 1809, Antoine-Marie Héron de Villefosse appointed him engineer en chef and division secretary in the Harz division. Together with Villefosse, Albert worked out the description of the mineral wealth of the mining resin . In 1814 he became the tithables appointed in Clausthal, 1817, he received the title of Mountain Council awarded and was clerk of the mountain captaincy. Since 1821 he was also responsible for the administration of the mint in Clausthal . In 1825 he became Oberbergrat.

From 1832 Wilhelm Albert was a member of the state assembly of the Kingdom of Hanover .

After the death of mining captain Friedrich Otto Burchard von Reden , Albert was his successor in 1836 and was in charge of mining, metallurgy and forestry on most of the Harz. However, Albert was denied the appointment of miner captain because he did not belong to the nobility. Instead, in recognition of his services, he was given the title "Oberbergrat with Obersten-Rank". In 1841 Albert was appointed extraordinary member of the State Council in the Kingdom of Hanover.

During his tenure, Albert promoted the mining and forestry school in Clausthal and the miners' union on the Harz. He also introduced a new fire order . In 1833 Albert, together with Berghauptmann von Reden, commissioned the mountain jury Georg Ludwig Dörell to try out a model of driving art constructed by the art boy Lichtenberg in the Spiegelthaler Hoffnungs-Richtschacht . After the successful attempt, the driving skills were installed in all of the Upper Harz mines and a little later the Harz driving skills spread throughout Europe.

The conveyor chains used up to now often broke after prolonged operation. This phenomenon, material fatigue, was explained at the time by the damage caused by overloading. Albert built a machine that subjected a chain to repeated loads. He found that, in addition to the load, the frequency of the stress is decisive for fatigue. Systematic research into fatigue strength begins with Albert before Wöhler .

In 1834 Albert, with the support of the Pochsteigers Heinrich August Mummenthey, made his first attempts at the Clausthaler Münze yard with a rope made of braided iron wire, which was supposed to replace the Harz chains that had been in use until then. After a successful trial at the Caroline mine , the “Albert braid” quickly found widespread use in the domestic and foreign mining industry and beyond.

On the night of September 15-16, 1844, Clausthal was struck by a fire. Albert was personally involved in fighting the fire that night and suffered a collapse in health due to overexertion. He died 22 months later. The funeral ceremony took place with the participation of the Upper Harz population in a parade with torchbearers and the dignitaries of the city. About 500 miners with their lights and forest and ironworkers with torches stood in line.

Honors

Albert's mausoleum in Clausthal
  • Knight's Cross of the Guelph Order
  • Commander's Cross 2nd Class of the Guelph Order
  • Albert's grave in the old Clausthal cemetery was redesigned into a small mausoleum in 1934 as part of the 100th anniversary of the invention of the wire rope .
  • The "Oberbergrat-Albert-Schule" and Julius-Albert-Straße exist in Clausthal-Zellerfeld .

portrait

Fonts

  • The production of driving ropes from braided iron wire / by the king. Great Britain. Hannov. Ober-Bergrath Mr. Albert zu Clausthal. In: Archives for Mineralogy, Geognosy, Mining and Metallurgy , Vol. 8.1835, 2, Berlin: Reimer, 1835, pp. 418–428
  • Results of the mining administration of the Hanoverian Upper Harz in the years 1831-1836 / by Ober-Bergrath Albert zu Clausthal. In: Archives for Mineralogy, Geognosy, Mining and Metallurgy , Berlin: Reimer, Vol. 10.1837, 1, pp. 3–26
  • About driving ropes on the Harz / from Ober-Bergrath Albert zu Clausthal. In: Archives for Mineralogy, Geognosy, Mining and Metallurgy , Vol. 10.1837, Issue 1, Berlin: Reimer, 1837, pp. 215–234

literature

  • Karl Karmarsch :  Albert, Wilhelm August Julius . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 1, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1875, p. 212 f.
  • Wilhelm Rothert : General Hanoverian biography. Volume 2: In the Old Kingdom of Hanover 1814–1866. Hanover: Sponholtz, 1914, pp. 34-44.
  • Roland Sauer: Albert, Wilhelm August Julius. In: Horst-Rüdiger Jarck , Günter Scheel (ed.): Braunschweigisches Biographisches Lexikon - 19th and 20th centuries . Hahnsche Buchhandlung, Hannover 1996, ISBN 3-7752-5838-8 , p. 24 .
  • Herbert Dennert : Oberbergrat Wilhelm August Julius Albert, the inventor of the wire rope, a picture of life . In: On the Upper Harz Mining History , 1986
  • Roland Sauer: Albert, Wilhelm August Julius. In: Braunschweigisches Biographisches Lexikon , Part 2: 19th and 20th centuries , Braunschweig: Appelhans, 1996, ISBN 978-3-7752-5838-8 , p. 24
  • Herbert Dennert: Mining and metallurgy in the Harz from the 16th to the 19th century. Depicted in the life pictures of leading personalities , 2nd expanded and supplemented edition, Clausthal-Zellerfeld: Pieper, 1986, pp. 165–170
  • Klaus Mlynek : Albert, Wilhelm August Julius. In: Dirk Böttcher , Klaus Mlynek, Waldemar R. Röhrbein, Hugo Thielen : Hannoversches Biographisches Lexikon . From the beginning to the present. Schlütersche, Hannover 2002, ISBN 3-87706-706-9 , p. 26.
  • "It kiht su racht hibsch." On the colloquium "175 years of wire rope" on July 22nd, 2009 in Clausthal-Zellerfeld, at the same time the 11th mining history workshop of the Harzverein für Geschichte und Altertumskunde eV (= lectures from the colloquium ), ed. by Wolfgang Lampe and Oliver Langefeld, 1st edition, Clausthal-Zellerfeld: Papierflieger-Verlag, 2009, ISBN 978-3-86948-004-6
  • Dorothee Austen: Commemoration of Oberbergrat Wilhelm August Julius Albert . In: Der Schläger: Bulletin of the Upper Harz History and Museum Association , Clausthal-Zellerfeld, 2009
  • Wolfgang Lampe , Kai Rückbrodt: 175 years of wire rope. A reminder of Oberbergrat Albert's invention . Ed .: RDB eV (=  mining . No. 6 ). Makossa, Essen 2010, p. 260–263 ( rdb-ev.de [PDF; 8.9 MB ; accessed on July 17, 2015]).

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ mk, HA: Das Drahtseil / Oberbergrat Albert and the invention of the wire rope ... , article on the clausthalzellerfeld.de page [ undated ], last accessed on December 22, 2017
  2. ↑ a b Rudolf Klein (Ed.): Albert, Wilhelm , in ders .: Niedersachsenlexikon. Everything you need to know about the state of Lower Saxony, Frankfurt am Main: Umschau-Verlag, 1969, p. 6
  3. ↑ a b c d o.V. : Albert, Wilhelm August Julius in the database of Niedersächsische Personen (new entry required) of the Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Library - Lower Saxony State Library in processing on January 20, 2009, last accessed on December 22, 2017
  4. ^ Klaus Mlynek : Albert, Wilhelm August Julius. In: Klaus Mlynek, Waldemar R. Röhrbein (eds.) U. a .: City Lexicon Hanover . From the beginning to the present. Schlütersche, Hannover 2009, ISBN 978-3-89993-662-9 , p. 17f.
  5. ^ A b c d Franz Hendrichs:  Albert, Wilhelm August Julius. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 1, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1953, ISBN 3-428-00182-6 , p. 140 ( digitized version ).
  6. ^ Klaus Mlynek: Capital (function). In: Stadtlexikon Hannover , p. 274
  7. ^ Dorothee Austen: In memory of Oberbergrat Wilhelm August Julius Albert. In: The Slayer. Bulletin of the Upper Harz History and Museum Association, Clausthal-Zellerfeld, No. 3/2009.
personal data
SURNAME Albert, Julius
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Albert, Wilhelm; Albert, Wilhelm August Julius (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Hanoverian miner captain
DATE OF BIRTH January 24, 1787
PLACE OF BIRTH Hanover
DATE OF DEATH 4th July 1846
Place of death Clausthal