Central Spiritual Administration of the Muslims of Russia

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The headquarters of the ZDUM in Ufa

The Central Spiritual Board of Muslims of Russia ( Russian Центральное духовное управление мусульман России Zentralnoje duchownoje Uprawlenije musulman Rossii ; abbr. ЦДУМ ZDUM ) is an umbrella organization of Islamic organizations in Russia , based in Ufa , the capital of the Republic of Bashkortostan . Its chairman bears the title “Supreme Mufti ” ( Verkhovnij Mufti ) and Shejch-ul-Islam . The ZDUM emerged in 1994 from the "Spiritual Administration of the Muslims of the European Part of the Soviet Union and Siberia" ( Duchownoje uprawlenije Musulman ewropejskowo Tschasti SSSR i Sibiri ; DUMES) and is in the tradition of the Orenburg Muslim Spiritual Assembly , which dates back to the late 18th century Founded. Ideologically, the ZDUM is partly close to the Eurasism of Alexander Dugin .

Jurisdiction and real sphere of influence

The ZDUM's jurisdiction theoretically extends to the entire territory of the Russian Federation (excluding the Krasnodar and Stavropol regions and the North Caucasian republics), as well as the European CIS states.

However, their real sphere of influence is considerably smaller. It only has full control of the Astrakhan , Volgograd , Samara , Novosibirsk , Chelyabinsk , Perm region , Chuvash , Udmurt , Mari El and Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug under its control. In contrast, it only partially controls the federation of northwestern Russia , the oblasts of Kemerovo , Kirov , Omsk , Penza , Rostov , Sakhalin , Sverdlovsk , Tomsk , Ulyanovsk , the republics of Bashkortostan and Mordovia , Moscow and the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug . In the republics of Tatarstan and Sakha and in Moscow Oblast only individual communities belong to it. A total of around 800 communities are subordinate to it.

Organizational structure

Talgat Tajuddin, current chairman of the ZDUM

The organization is headed by a chairman who is elected by the Assembly of Muslims of Russia for a lifetime term and has the title of Supreme Mufti and Sheikh-ul-Islam. The current ZDUM chairman is Talgat Tajuddin . His residence is on Ğabdulla Tuqay Street in Ufa .

Regional breakdown

The ZDUM is divided into 22 regional muftiates, each of which has the status of regional spiritual administrations and is managed by muftis. Outside of Russia, the ZDUM only has a representative in Ukraine . The heads of the regional ecclesiastical administrations are appointed by the ZDUM chairman based on a proposal by the ZDUM presidium. Many muftiates, in turn, are divided into muchtasibates . Here is a list of the Regional Spiritual Administrations (abbreviated to RDUM in Russian) based on the representation on their website:

In the Oblasts of Kaliningrad , Sakhalin and Tyumen the ZDUM only has representations.

Islamic University and Press Office

One of the religious educational institutions maintained by the ZDUM is the Russian Islamic University ( Rossijskij Islamskij Universitet ) in Ufa with two faculties for theology and education. Students can acquire a bachelor's degree after four years, a diploma after five years and a master’s degree after six years. In 2008, 800 students were enrolled in the facility and 58 graduated. The university has a network of branches.

The ZDUM publishes its own magazine with the title Magljumat al-Bulgar .

history

The predecessor institutions: OMDS and DUMES

The ZDUM follows the tradition of the Orenburg Mohammedan Spiritual Assembly ( Orenburgskoje magometanskoje duchownoje sobranije ; OMDS), which was founded in Ufa on September 22, 1788 by an imperial edict of Catherine II and opened in 1789. The establishment took place on behalf of the military governor Ossip Igelström as a state institution for the examination and selection of the clergy. Over time, responsibilities expanded, including overseeing the Muslim clergy, building and maintaining mosques, and mediating legal and family disputes. Until the October Revolution, the area of ​​jurisdiction of the OMDS extended to the entire territory of the Russian Empire with the exception of the Taurian Governorate , which had its own spiritual administration.

In 1917, the OMDS was renamed the “Central Spiritual Administration of Muslims Inner Russia” ( Zentralnoje duchownoje uprawlenije musulman vnutrennej Rossii ; ZDUMWR). The years 1943/44 saw the establishment of three more independent clerical administrations for the Muslims of the North Caucasus , Transcaucasia and Central Asia . The ZDUMWR was renamed in 1948 in the "Spiritual Administration of the Muslims of the European part of the Soviet Union and Siberia" ( Duchownoje uprawlenije Musulman ewropejskowo Tschasti SSSR i Sibiri ; DUMES). The Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic with the exclusion of the republics of the Northern Caucasus and the European republics of the Soviet Union were assigned to this organization as the area of ​​jurisdiction . Of the four spiritual administrations active in the Soviet Union, the "spiritual administration of the Muslims of Central Asia and Kazakhstan" ( Duchownoje uprawlenje Musulman srednej Asii i Kazakhstan ; SADUM), based in Tashkent , took the leading position. In 1980 Talgat Tajuddin was elected chairman of DUMES.

In January 1991 the DUMES presidium passed the resolution to form Muchtasibate, small Muslim organizational units, in key regions of its jurisdiction. On January 21, 1992, the imam Muchtasibs of the Muchtasibate of Ufa, Kazan , Saratov and Tyumen declared their withdrawal from DUMES and the formation of independent clerical administrations on the basis of their respective Muchtasibate. The process of splitting up the DUMES began. From September 1992 the Muchtasibate were converted into Muftiate. The sixth extraordinary congress of Muslims of the European part of the CIS and Siberia, which took place in Ufa in November 1992, endorsed the activities of the DUMES chairman and disapproved of the secession.

Renaming to ZDUM and authorization by Tajuddin

Board with the name “Central Spiritual Administration of Muslims in Russia and the European Countries of the CIS”, the official name of the ZDUM until 2000

On March 6, 1994 a new statute of DUMES was adopted. It gave DUMES the new name "Central Spiritual Administration of the Muslims of Russia and the European CIS States" ( Zentralnoje duchownoje uprawlenije musulman Rossii i ewropejskich stran SNG ; abbreviation ZDUM), while its chairman received the title of "Supreme Mufti" for life. awarded and was no longer subject to re-election. On October 27, 1994, on the initiative of the responsible secretary of the ZDUM, Samir Chairullin, an extraordinary plenum met, which removed the President of the ZDUM, Supreme Mufti Talgat Tajuddin, from his offices and appointed Samir Chairullin as acting president. The seventh extraordinary congress of the ZDUM, which was convened by the supporters of Chairullin, the so-called "initiative groups", on November 1, 1994, confirmed the resolution of the extraordinary plenary and elected Samir Chairullin as the new president. On December 7th, 1994 an extended plenum met in Ufa, which declared the resolutions of the extraordinary plenum of October 27th and the seventh extraordinary congress of November 1st, which had been organized by the initiative groups, to be invalid and the convening of an extraordinary ZDUM -Congress decided. On December 10, the conflict between Tajuddin and the initiative groups ended. Tajuddin and Chairullin issued a joint public statement in which the latter announced the resignation of his offices and asked for forgiveness for what had been done.

The eighth extraordinary congress of the ZDUM, which took place on June 8, 1998 in Bolgar , confirmed the powers of Tajuddin and accepted the statutes of the ZDUM as well as model statutes for the regional muftiates. In October 2000 the ZDUM changed its official name to "Central Spiritual Administration of the Muslims of Russia" ( Zentralnoje duchownoje uprawlenije musulman Rossii ), thus removing the European CIS states from their name. On December 23, 1998, the ZDUM was one of the founders of the Interreligious Council of Russia .

Declaration of jihad against the USA and Great Britain

In the winter of 2001 she formed a strategic alliance with the "Eurasia" movement led by Alexander Gelyevich Dugin and accepted their representatives into her leadership bodies. The new ideological orientation became apparent for the first time to the general public, as talgat tadzhuddin on 3 April 2003 at a meeting of the party United Russia the main members of the Ufa anti-Iraq coalition , US and UK, Jihad said. The following day, the prosecutor of the Republic of Bashkortostan officially warned Florid Boykov Tajuddin, accusing him of violating the law on combating extremist activities because "the declaration of a Muslim holy war promoted religious disputes". The attorney general's office even threatened to ban the activities of the ZDUM if Tajuddin did not withdraw his declaration. On April 14, at an extraordinary extended session of the Russian Muftirate, a fatwa was adopted, which stated that Talgat Tajuddin had left the bosom of Islam and was acting like a pseudo prophet because he assumed the authority of the Prophet Mohammed , in which he was acting in the name of "Most High" speak. A supplementary fatwa was later adopted declaring Tajuddin insane and, as a result, legally incapable of acting. Even if these fatwas were only valid for the supporters of the muftirate under Islamic law, the mass media presented them as if it were a rebuke of the entire Muslim community against the leader of the ZDUM.

In the years that followed, the ZDUM was gradually able to recover from the crisis triggered by Tajuddin's Jihad Declaration, normalize its work and, in some cases, even make successful expansions into the territory of the Russian Muftirate.

List of Muftis

This is a list of the muftis who headed the organization:

literature

  • Uwe Halbach : Russia's Worlds of Islam. SWP Studies 2003 / S 15, April 2003. P. 23 ( Online )
  • Gordon M. Hahn: Russia's Islamic Threat . Yale Univ. Press 2007 ( online excerpt )
  • SI Ivanenko: Religioznye ob "edinenija Rossijskoj Federacii: spravočnik. Respublika, Moscow 1996. p. 172.
  • Ruslan Kurbanov: “The Clerical Board of Russian Muslims. Contradictions and Developmental Dynamics ”in Hans-Georg Heinrich, Ludmilla Lobova, Alexey Malashenko (eds.): Will Russia Become a Muslim Society . Peter Lang, Frankfurt a. M. u. a., 2011. pp. 85-120.
  • Jekaterina Novikova: Islam in Russia in the context of European and Russian integration; from OWEP 1/2004 ( online )
  • Roman A. Silantjew : Novejschaja istorija islamskowo soobschtschestva Rossii. Ichtios, Moscow, 2006. pp. 557-560.
  • Roman A. Silantjew: Islam w sovremennoj Rossii, enziklopedija . Algoritm, Moscow, 2008. pp. 28-40.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Cf. Silantjew: Islam w sowremennoj Rossii . 2008, p. 28a.
  2. ↑ cf. Silantjew : Novejschaja istorija islamskowo soobschtschestwa Rossii. 2006. p. 558.
  3. ↑ Cf. Silantjew: Islam w sowremennoj Rossii . 2008, p. 28b.
  4. ↑ See the presentation on the ZDUM website .
  5. ↑ Cf. Jekaterina Novikova: Islam in Russia in the context of European and Russian integration from OWEP 1/2004 ( online )
  6. ↑ Cf. Silantjew: Islam w sowremennoj Rossii . 2008, p. 28a.
  7. ↑ See Damir Ziniurevich Khaireddinov : “Islamic Education in Russia. The History of its Establishment ”in Hans-Georg Heinrich, Ludmilla Lobova, Alexey Malashenko (eds.): Will Russia Become a Muslim Society . Peter Lang, Frankfurt a. M. u. a., 2011. pp. 151-178. Here p. 168.
  8. ↑ It is available online here .
  9. ↑ Cf. Silantjew: Islam w sowremennoj Rossii . 2008, p. 28b.
  10. ↑ Cf. Silantjew: Islam w sowremennoj Rossii . 2008, p. 28b.
  11. ↑ Cf. Silantjew: Islam w sowremennoj Rossii . 2008, pp. 28b-29a.
  12. ↑ Cf. Silantjew: Islam w sowremennoj Rossii . 2008, p. 29a.
  13. ↑ Cf. Silantjew: Islam w sowremennoj Rossii . 2008, p. 29a.
  14. ↑ Cf. Silantjew: Islam w sowremennoj Rossii . 2008, p. 29b.
  15. ↑ Cf. Silantjew: Islam w sowremennoj Rossii . 2008, p. 29b.
  16. ↑ encycl.bash-portal.ru ( Memento of November 3, 2013 in the Internet Archive )