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The day after Obama's acceptance speech at the Democratic National Convention, Obama's Republican opponent, Sen. [[John McCain]], announced his selection of Alaska Gov. [[Sarah Palin]] as his running mate.<ref name="cnn-taps">{{citeweb|url=http://www.cnn.com/2008/POLITICS/08/29/palin.republican.vp.candidate/index.html|title=McCain taps Alaska Gov. Palin as vice president pick|publisher=[[CNN]]|date=2008-08-29|accessdate=2008-09-13}}</ref> Almost immediately, the Obama/Biden ticket plunged in the polls: in a Gallup poll of likely voters, the McCain/Palin ticket gained a 10-point lead.<ref>{{cite news | first = Charlie | last = Cook | title = Time to Reassess the White House Race | url = http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/26625240/ | publisher = [[MSNBC]] | date = [[2008-09-09]] | accessdate = 2008-09-13}}</ref> The erosion of support for the Obama/Biden ticket was especially pronounced among white women who had previous shown strong support for Hillary Clinton.<ref>{{cite news | first = Ewan | last = MacAskill | title = The Palin effect: white women now deserting Obama, says survey | url = http://www.guardian.co.uk/lifeandstyle/2008/sep/10/women.uselections2008 | publisher = ''[[The Guardian]]'' | date = [[2008-09-10]] | accessdate = 2008-09-13}}</ref> However, recent concerns over the economy and the [[Financial crisis of 2007-2008|2008 Financial Crisis]] has shifted public opinion polls back in favor of the Obama/Biden ticket.
The day after Obama's acceptance speech at the Democratic National Convention, Obama's Republican opponent, Sen. [[John McCain]], announced his selection of Alaska Gov. [[Sarah Palin]] as his running mate.<ref name="cnn-taps">{{citeweb|url=http://www.cnn.com/2008/POLITICS/08/29/palin.republican.vp.candidate/index.html|title=McCain taps Alaska Gov. Palin as vice president pick|publisher=[[CNN]]|date=2008-08-29|accessdate=2008-09-13}}</ref> Almost immediately, the Obama/Biden ticket plunged in the polls: in a Gallup poll of likely voters, the McCain/Palin ticket gained a 10-point lead.<ref>{{cite news | first = Charlie | last = Cook | title = Time to Reassess the White House Race | url = http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/26625240/ | publisher = [[MSNBC]] | date = [[2008-09-09]] | accessdate = 2008-09-13}}</ref> The erosion of support for the Obama/Biden ticket was especially pronounced among white women who had previous shown strong support for Hillary Clinton.<ref>{{cite news | first = Ewan | last = MacAskill | title = The Palin effect: white women now deserting Obama, says survey | url = http://www.guardian.co.uk/lifeandstyle/2008/sep/10/women.uselections2008 | publisher = ''[[The Guardian]]'' | date = [[2008-09-10]] | accessdate = 2008-09-13}}</ref> However, recent concerns over the economy and the [[Financial crisis of 2007-2008|2008 Financial Crisis]] has shifted public opinion polls back in favor of the Obama/Biden ticket, with many polls suggesting an Obama landslide.


A [[RealClearPolitics]] average of nine national polls taken between [[October 3]] and [[October 11]] shows an average 7.3% lead for Obama over opponent [[John McCain]]. Obama's highest support in the polling average was 7.6% on [[October 11]]. Among individual polls tracked by RealClearPolitics, Obama's highest support was recorded in a [[Newsweek]] poll conducted between [[June 18]] and [[June 19]] showing a 15% lead.<ref>[http://www.realclearpolitics.com/epolls/2008/president/us/general_election_mccain_vs_obama-225.html General Election: McCain vs. Obama], [[RealClearPolitics]]. Retrieved [[2008-10-12]].</ref>
A [[RealClearPolitics]] average of nine national polls taken between [[October 3]] and [[October 11]] shows an average 7.3% lead for Obama over opponent [[John McCain]]. Obama's highest support in the polling average was 7.6% on [[October 11]]. Among individual polls tracked by RealClearPolitics, Obama's highest support was recorded in a [[Newsweek]] poll conducted between [[June 18]] and [[June 19]] showing a 15% lead.<ref>[http://www.realclearpolitics.com/epolls/2008/president/us/general_election_mccain_vs_obama-225.html General Election: McCain vs. Obama], [[RealClearPolitics]]. Retrieved [[2008-10-12]].</ref>

Revision as of 07:38, 13 October 2008

Template:Future election candidate

Obama for America
CampaignU.S. presidential election, 2008
CandidateBarack Obama
U.S. Senator 2005–present
AffiliationDemocratic Party
StatusAnnounced February 10, 2007
Presumptive nominee June 3, 2008
Nominee August 27, 2008
Headquarters233 North Michigan Avenue
Chicago, Illinois 60601
Key peopleJoe Biden (VP Nominee)
David Plouffe (Manager)
Penny Pritzker (Finance)
David Axelrod (Media)
Robert Gibbs (Communications)
Bill Burton (Spokesman)
Claire McCaskill (Co-Chair)
Tim Kaine (Co-Chair)
ReceiptsUS$374.3 (2008-07-31)
Slogan
Website
www.barackobama.com
This article is part of
a series about
Barack Obama
Pre-presidency
44th President of the United States
Policies
Appointments
First term
Second term
Presidential campaigns
Post-presidency
Publications
Personal
Others

Barack Obama's signature

Seal of the President of the United States
This article is part of
a series about
Joe Biden
U.S. Senator from Delaware

Elections:

47th Vice President of the United States
Incumbent
Tenure
Presidential campaigns
Vice presidential campaigns
Published works

Joe Biden's signature

Seal of the President of the United States

Barack Obama, the junior United States Senator from Illinois, announced his candidacy for the presidency of the United States in Springfield, Illinois, on February 10, 2007.[1] On August 27, 2008 he became the nominee[2] of the Democratic Party for the 2008 presidential election. He is the first African American in history to run on a major party ticket.[3] On August 23, 2008 Barack Obama's campaign confirmed, earlier reports that Senator Joe Biden of Delaware would be the Vice Presidential nominee.[4]

Chronicle

End of the primaries

Further information: Barack Obama presidential primary campaign, 2008

On June 3, 2008, after the Montana and South Dakota primaries, Barack Obama secured enough delegates to clinch the nomination of the Democratic party for President of the United States.[3] His opponent, Republican John McCain, passed the delegate threshold to become the presumptive nominee of his party on March 4.[5] On June 7, Hillary Rodham Clinton, Obama's remaining opponent in the quest for the Democratic nomination, conceded defeat at a rally in Washington, D.C. and urged her supporters to back Obama.[6] After a June 26 dinner at which Obama encouraged his fundraisers to donate to Clinton's debt-addled campaign,[7] Obama and Clinton ran their first post-primary event together in Unity, New Hampshire on June 27.[8] Over the first two weeks of July, the campaign ran a heavier schedule of fundraising events, drawing from former donors to Clinton's campaign.[9]

Middle Eastern and European tour

In July 2008 Obama traveled to Kuwait, Afghanistan,[10] Iraq,[11] Jordan,[12] the West Bank,[13] Israel, Germany, France, and Great Britain. During the course of this trip he met with assorted international leaders, including President Hamid Karzai of Afghanistan,[14] Prime Minister Nouri al-Maliki of Iraq, King Abdullah II of Jordan, Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas, Prime Minister of Israel Ehud Olmert, Chancellor Angela Merkel of Germany, President Nicolas Sarkozy of France,[15] and Prime Minister Gordon Brown of the United Kingdom, as well as former British Prime Minister Tony Blair and Conservative opposition leader David Cameron.[16]

He also gave a speech at the Victory Column in Berlin before a crowd of estimated 200,000 to 240,000 people.

Saddleback Civil Forum

Main article: Civil Forum on the Presidency

Vice Presidential selection

Joe Biden and Barack Obama after the presentation of Biden as the vice presidential running mate in Springfield, Illinois
Main articles: Democratic Party (United States) vice presidential candidates, 2008 and Joe Biden presidential campaign, 2008 § Obama–Biden campaign 2008

Barack Obama's vice presidential running mate had been a subject of speculation since the end of the primaries. As of August 2008, some of the most popular choices for VP included, but were not limited to, New York Senator Hillary Rodham Clinton, Delaware Senator Joe Biden, Indiana Senator Evan Bayh, Kansas Governor Kathleen Sebelius, Virginia Governor Tim Kaine, Colin Powell, New Mexico Governor Bill Richardson, and retired General Wesley Clark.

Barack Obama, Michelle Obama, Jill Biden and Joe Biden at the United States Vice Presidential announcement on August 23, 2008 in Template:City-state
Wikinews has related news:

On Thursday, August 21, 2008, Obama announced that he had made a selection for the VP spot, but would not reveal until Saturday, August 23 who it was. [17] Obama's campaign encouraged supporters to sign up for a text messaging system that would alert them the moment he announced his choice.

On Friday, August 22, KMBC News of Kansas City spotted bumper stickers of an Obama/Bayh '08 ticket that were being printed in Lenexa, Kansas. Three sources close to a local printing plant reported that such material was being produced.[18] The image of the bumper sticker circulated on the internet. However, NBC News later quoted sources stating that Bayh had been informed by Obama's campaign that he was not the pick.[19] According to an Associated Press report that same evening, Joe Biden was selected as Obama's candidate.[20] The Associated Press report was confirmed several hours later, on August 23, on Barack Obama's official campaign website and by a mass text message to supporters.[4]

Opinion polling

Further information: Nationwide opinion polling for the United States presidential election, 2008 and Statewide opinion polling for the United States presidential election, 2008
Statewide opinion polling for the United States presidential election, 2008.[21]
  >10% Obama lead
  4%–10% Obama lead
  1%–4% Obama lead
  Tie
  1%–4% McCain lead
  4%–10% McCain lead
  >10% McCain lead

The day after Obama's acceptance speech at the Democratic National Convention, Obama's Republican opponent, Sen. John McCain, announced his selection of Alaska Gov. Sarah Palin as his running mate.[22] Almost immediately, the Obama/Biden ticket plunged in the polls: in a Gallup poll of likely voters, the McCain/Palin ticket gained a 10-point lead.[23] The erosion of support for the Obama/Biden ticket was especially pronounced among white women who had previous shown strong support for Hillary Clinton.[24] However, recent concerns over the economy and the 2008 Financial Crisis has shifted public opinion polls back in favor of the Obama/Biden ticket, with many polls suggesting an Obama landslide.

A RealClearPolitics average of nine national polls taken between October 3 and October 11 shows an average 7.3% lead for Obama over opponent John McCain. Obama's highest support in the polling average was 7.6% on October 11. Among individual polls tracked by RealClearPolitics, Obama's highest support was recorded in a Newsweek poll conducted between June 18 and June 19 showing a 15% lead.[25]

Gallup has conducted weekly polls of registered voters to measure support among the candidates. The most recent poll conducted between September 29 and October 5 shows 23% of Obama's support coming from registered Independents, trailing opponent John McCain's 32% support. Obama's independent support peaked at 29% the weeks of August 18-August 24 and September 1-September 7.[26]

A RealClearPolitics average of six national polls measuring favorable/unfavorable opinions taken between September 15 and October 9 shows an average 55.2% favorable rating and 36.7% unfavorable rating. Obama's highest ratings in the polling average were 61.2% favorable and 32.5% unfavorable on July 8.[27]

As of October 10, 2008, the electoral map excluding toss up states shows 277 electoral votes for Obama/Biden, an electoral majority, and 158 electoral votes for opponents McCain/Palin.[28] Including toss up states, Obama/Biden lead with 353 votes.[29]

Charts of polling data in battleground states

Updated October 7, 2008

Michigan

17 electoral votes data | Obama +6.2%

Minnesota

10 electoral votes data | Obama +6.8%

Wisconsin

10 electoral votes data | Obama +5.1%

Pennsylvania

21 electoral votes data | Obama +9.1%

Colorado

9 electoral votes data | Obama +3.7%

New Hampshire

5 electoral votes data | Obama +6.8%

Nevada

5 electoral votes data | Obama +1.1%

Virginia

13 electoral votes data | Obama +4.6%

Ohio

20 electoral votes data | Obama +2.4%

Florida

27 electoral votes data | Obama +3.2%

Indiana

11 electoral votes data | McCain +2.3%
File:Indiana Obama versus McCain Statewide opinion polling for the United States presidential election 2008.jpg

Missouri

11 electoral votes data | McCain +0.5%

North Carolina

15 electoral votes data | Obama +1.3%

Political positions

Main articles: Political positions of Barack Obama and Comparison of United States presidential candidates, 2008

Obama has taken positions on many national, political, economic and social issues, either through public comments or his senatorial voting record. Since announcing his presidential campaign in February 2007, Obama has emphasized withdrawing American troops from Iraq, increasing energy independence (that includes New Energy For America plan [30]), decreasing the influence of lobbyists, and promoting universal health care as top national priorities.

Fundraising

Obama (far right) participates in a bipartisan meeting with President Bush and members of Congress, including John McCain, regarding the economy, September 25, 2008
See also: Fundraising for the 2008 United States presidential election

According to reports filed with the Federal Election Commission, Obama's campaign raised more money in the first quarter of 2008 ($133,549,000)[31] than it had raised in all of 2007 ($103,802,537). The campaign had a relatively small total of $21.9 million in May, but went on to raise $52 million in June, after Obama had secured the nomination.[32]

On June 19, Obama became the first major-party presidential candidate to turn down public financing since the system was created in the aftermath of Watergate.[33][34] Obama was expected to raise $265 million between the time of the announcement and election day.[35] By rejecting the funds in favor of private donations, the campaign put itself in a position to outspend John McCain prior to the election. Had he signed on to the plan, the campaign would only have been able to spend $84.1 million between the party convention in August and the general election in November.[36]

Obama explained his decision to opt out of the public financing system, saying, "public financing of presidential elections as it exists today is broken, and we face opponents who've become masters at gaming this broken system."[34] Critics of the decision claimed that the decision contradicted earlier statements that he would attempt to reach agreement with McCain to obtain public financing,[37][35] and asserted that Obama's campaign was receiving as much support from unregulated 527 groups as McCain's.[38]

On September 4, 2008, exactly two months before Election Day, the Obama campaign announced that over a period of 24 hours, they managed to raise $10,000,000 (million) after Republican Vice Presidential nominee Sarah Palin's acceptance speech. The RNC reported that they received just $1 million in the same period.[39]

Media campaign

File:ObamaYeswecan.jpg
Campaign Poster

Television advertisements

Soon after becoming the presumptive nominee, Obama began a biographical commercial campaign emphasizing his patriotism.[40] The advertisements ran in 18 states, including traditionally Republican Alaska and North Carolina.[41] Between June 6 and July 26, Obama's campaign spent $27 million on advertisements, against a combined McCain and Republican National Committee total of $24.6 million.[42]

In a September 15, 2008 interview with Good Morning America, Obama stated, "If we're going to ask questions about, you know, who has been promulgating negative ads that are completely unrelated to the issues at hand, I think I win that contest pretty handily." What he apparently meant was that McCain had put out more negative ads. [43]

Campaign song

Barack Obama personally asked Joss Stone in August to write and record his presidential campaign song, reportedly due to the fact that she appeals across racial boundaries.[44]

Counter-campaign

Obama's certificate of live birth

On June 12, 2008, Obama launched a website to counter what he described as smears by his opponents.[45] The site provides responses to criticisms of the candidate.[46] To counter rumors about the candidate's birth[citation needed], including rumors that he was not a natural born citizen[citation needed], the campaign posted an image of his birth certificate.[47]

Proposed joint-appearances and presidential debates

Main article: United States presidential election debates, 2008

On June 4, John McCain proposed a series of ten joint town hall meetings with Obama, at which the two could engage each other, beginning the next week.[48] Obama first agreed in principle to the notion,[49] but later rejected McCain's proposal, offering instead one town-hall event on the Independence Day holiday and four traditional debate-style joint appearances.[50][51]

Presidential debates

There are three presidential debates scheduled between Obama and McCain. No third party candidates or Independent candidates have been offered an invitation to debate in any of the debates[52] as Obama and McCain are the only candidates on the ballot in all 50 States and the District of Columbia[citation needed]. The Commission on Presidential Debates has proposed that two of three 90 minute debates be held in an informal, seated, talk show format, while the third would be in a town hall format that allowed both candidates to walk around.[53]

Vice Presidential debate

There is one vice presidential debate scheduled between Senator Joseph Biden and Republican Vice Presidential nominee Sarah Palin of Alaska. As with the presidential debates, no third party or independent candidates have been offered an invitation.

See also

References

  1. ^ "Obama Launches Presidential Bid", BBC News, 2007-02-10. Retrieved on 2008-01-14. Video at Brightcove.TV.
  2. ^ http://www.nytimes.com/2008/08/28/us/politics/28DEMSDAY.html?hp
  3. ^ a b Jeff Zeleny, "Obama Clinches Nomination; First Black Candidate to Lead a Major Party Ticket," The New York Times, 2008-06-04. Retrieved 2008-07-05.
  4. ^ a b "Joe Biden!". BarackObama.com. Retrieved 2008-08-28. Breaking news: the text message is out and it's official... Barack Obama has selected Joe Biden to be his running mate! Cite error: The named reference "BOsplash" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  5. ^ "McCain wins GOP nomination; Huckabee bows out," CNN News, 2008-03-05. Retrieved 2008-07-07; Simon Rushton, "McCain clinches Republican prize", CNN News, 2008-03-04. Retrieved 2008-07-07.
  6. ^ Sasha Issenberg, "Clinton ends her bid, hails Obama," The Boston Globe, 2008-06-08. Retrieved 2008-07-05. See also: Adam Nagourney and Jeff Zeleny, "Clinton Ready to End Bid and Endorse Obama," The New York Times, 2008-06-05. Retrieved 2008-07-07.
  7. ^ Jeff Zeleny, "Obama Gives $2,300 for Clinton Debt," The New York Times, 2008-06-27. Retrieved 2008-07-07.
  8. ^ "Clinton and Obama rally together," BBC News, 2008-06-27. Retrieved 2008-07-07; Mark Leibovich and Jeff Zeleny, "Obama and Clinton Hold First Post-Primary Event," The New York Times, 2008-06-28. Retrieved 2008-07-07.
  9. ^ Michael Luo and Christopher Drew, "Obama Picks Up Fund-Raising Pace," The New York Times, 2008-07-03. Retrieved 2008-07-06. See also: "Obama, Clinton to hold joint fundraisers in NY," Associated Press, 2008-07-05. Retrieved 2008-07-07; Jonathan Weisman, "Obama and Clinton, Together Again," Washington Post, 2008-07-05. Retrieved 2008-07-07.
  10. ^ Carlotta Gall and Jeff Zeleny, "Obama Opens a Foreign Tour in Afghanistan," The New York Times, 2008-07-20.
  11. ^ Liz Sly, "Obama arrives in Baghdad," Chicago Tribune, 2008-07-21. Retrieved 2008-07-31.
  12. ^ Mike Dorning, "Obama sizes up Mideast stage," Chicago Tribune, 2008-07-22. Retrieved 2008-07-31.
  13. ^ Mike Dorning, "'Friend of Israel' also woos Palestinians," Chicago Tribune, 2008-07-24. Retrieved 2008-07-31.
  14. ^ Kim Barker, "Obama, Karzai keep talk 'positive'," Chicago Tribune, 2008-07-21. Retrieved 2008-07-31.
  15. ^ Jeff Zeleny and Steven Erlanger, "3 Hours in Paris, and Smiles All Around," The New York Times, 2008-07-26. Retrieved 2008-07-31; Elana Schor, "Obama arrives in Paris to meet Sarkozy," The Guardian, 2008-07-25. Retrieved 2008-07-31.
  16. ^ Peter Walker, "Obama hails US-UK ties after talks with Brown at Downing Street," The Guardian, 2008-07-26. Retrieved 2008-07-31.
  17. ^ Alexander Mooney, "[1]", CNN, 2008-08-21. Retrieved 2008-08-21.
  18. ^ "Bumper Sticker Could Indicate Bayh Is Obama's Veep". KMBC News. 2008-08-22.
  19. ^ "Bayh, Kaine out of Obama's veep race". MSNBC. 2008-08-22.
  20. ^ Lis Sidoti and Nedra Pickler (2008-08-22). "Obama picks Biden for veep". Breitbart.com.
  21. ^ States are colored according to the average from at least the last three poll results from Statewide opinion polling for the United States presidential election, 2008. Washington, D.C. is presumed heavy Democrat. If there have been more than 3 polls taken within a month of the latest poll, then these are averaged.
  22. ^ "McCain taps Alaska Gov. Palin as vice president pick". CNN. 2008-08-29. Retrieved 2008-09-13.
  23. ^ Cook, Charlie (2008-09-09). "Time to Reassess the White House Race". MSNBC. Retrieved 2008-09-13. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  24. ^ MacAskill, Ewan (2008-09-10). "The Palin effect: white women now deserting Obama, says survey". The Guardian. Retrieved 2008-09-13. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  25. ^ General Election: McCain vs. Obama, RealClearPolitics. Retrieved 2008-10-12.
  26. ^ Candidate Support by Political Party and Ideology Retrieved 2008-10-07.
  27. ^ Obama: Favorable/Unfavorable, RealClearPolitics. Retrieved 2008-10-10.
  28. ^ RealClearPolitics Electoral College: RealClear Electoral Count, RealClearPolitics. Retrieved 2008-10-10.
  29. ^ RealClearPolitics Electoral College: No Toss Up States, RealClearPolitics. Retrieved 2008-10-10.
  30. ^ http://www.barackobama.com/pdf/factsheet_energy_speech_080308.pdf
  31. ^ Obama for America: Report of Receipts and Disbursements, Federal Election Commission. Retrieved 2008-04-03.
  32. ^ Jeff Zeleny, "Obama Raises $52 Million in June," The New York Times, 2008-07-17. Retrieved 2008-07-17.
  33. ^ Jonathan D. Salant, "Obama Won't Accept Public Money in Election Campaign," Bloomberg, 2008-06-19. Retrieved 2008-06-19.
  34. ^ a b Shailagh Murray and Perry Bacon Jr., "Obama to Reject Public Funds for Election," Washington Post, 2008-06-20. Retrieved 2008-06-19
  35. ^ a b Ewen MacAskill, "US elections: Obama faces backlash for refusing public campaign funding," The Guardian, 2008-06-20. Retrieved 2008-06-21.
  36. ^ Emily Cadei, "Q & A: Obama's public funding opt-out," USA Today, 2008-06-20. Retrieved 2008-06-21.
  37. ^ Kenneth P. Vogel, "Obama move irks reform allies," The Politico, 2008-06-19. Retrieved 2008-06-21; Liz Sidoti, "With money, Obama to try to widen the battleground," Associated Press, 2008-06-20. Retrieved 2008-06-21. See also: Alan Silverleib, "Analysis: Rejecting public funding won't hurt Obama," CNN News, 2008-06-20. Retrieved 2008-07-07.
  38. ^ John Dickerson, "The Flip-Flop Brothers," Slate, 2008-06-20. Retrieved 2008-06-21.
  39. ^ The Huffington Post, "[2]
  40. ^ John McCormick, "Obama in red, white and blue," Chicago Tribune, 2008-06-30. Retrieved 2008-07-06.
  41. ^ John Harwood, "Aims of Democrats Reach Beyond the Oval Office," The New York Times, 2008-07-07. Retrieved 2008-07-07; Jonathan Martin and Ben Smith, "Obama’s apple pie campaign," The Politico, 2008-07-07. Retrieved 2008-07-07; Andy Sullivan and Paul Thomasch, "TV ad spending to set record in presidential race," Reuters, 2008-07-02. Retrieved 2008-07-07. See also: Jim Rutenberg and Christopher Drew, "National Push by Obama on Ads and Turnout," The New York Times, 2008-06-22. Retrieved 2008-07-07.
  42. ^ Jim Rutenburg, "Taking to the Airwaves," The New York Times, 2008-07-29. Retrieved 2008-07-30. See also: "General Election Campaign TV Advertising Spending Exceeds $50 Million in First Two Months of Campaign," University of Wisconsin Advertising Project, 2008-07-30. Retrieved 2008-07-30.
  43. ^ Obama's Exclusive Interview With 'GMA', September 15, 2008
  44. ^ "Joss Stone to record Barack Obama campaign song". www.nme.com. Retrieved 2008-08-12.
  45. ^ "Obama launches online campaign against 'smears'," Agence France-Presse, 2008-06-12. Retrieved 2008-06-21.
  46. ^ Karen Tumulty, "Will Obama's Anti-Rumor Plan Work?," Time, 2008-06-12. Retrieved 2008-06-20.
  47. ^ The truth about Barack's birth certificate, Obama for America. Retrieved 2008-06-14.
  48. ^ Jennifer Parker, "Political Radar: The Debate Over the Debates," ABC News, 2008-06-04. Retrieved 2008-06-06; "Obama says he's humbled by victory, confident of party unity", CNN News, 2008-06-04. Retrieved 2008-07-07.
  49. ^ Tahman Bradley, "Obama Open to McCain Town Hall," ABC News, 2008-06-04. Retrieved 2008-06-06.
  50. ^ Nedra Pickler, "McCain, Obama fail to agree on town halls," Associated Press, 2006-06-13. Retrieved 2008-06-13.
  51. ^ "McCain & Obama Invited to Town Halls at Reagan and Johnson Libraries," ABC News, 2008-06-12. Retrieved 2008-06-19
  52. ^ Commission on Presidential Debates Announces Sites, Dates, Formats and Candidate Selection Criteria for 2008 General Election, Commission on Presidential Debates, 2007-11-19. Retrieved 2008-07-06.
  53. ^ "Gun Ruling Reverberates," The Hartford Courant, 2008-06-27. Retrieved 2008-07-06.

External links

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