Clan Crichton: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Lowland Scottish clan}}{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2015}} |
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{{Use British English|date=July 2015}} |
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{{Infobox clan |
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|image badge =Clan member crest badge - Clan Crichton.svg |
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|clan name =Clan Crichton |
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|chiefs crest = A dragon spouting out fire, proper |
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|chiefs motto =God send grace |
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|chiefs slogan = |
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|district = |
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|region=[[Scottish Lowlands|Lowlands]] |
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|origins = |
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|gaelic names = |
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|image arms =Crichton of that Ilk arms.svg |
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|plant badge = |
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|animal = |
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|pipe music = |
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|chiefs gaelic title= |
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|historic seat = [[Crichton Castle]] |
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|septs = |
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|branches = [[Lord Crichton]]<br>[[Lord Crichton of Sanquhar]]<br>[[Earl of Dumfries|Crichton, Earl of Dumfries]]<br>Crichton of Frendraught |
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|Allied clans = |
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|Rival clans = [[Clan Sempill]]<br>[[Clan Douglas]] |
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}} |
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'''Clan Crichton''' is a [[Scottish Lowlands|Lowland]] [[Scottish clan]] that historically ruled Dumfries. <ref name="Clan.Encyclopedia.Crichton">{{cite book |last1=Way |first1=George of Plean |last2=Squire |first2=Romilly of Rubislaw |authorlink2=Romilly Squire of Rubislaw |authorlink1=George Way of Plean |year=1994 |title=Collins Scottish Clan & Family Encyclopedia |location=[[Glasgow]] |publisher=[[HarperCollins]] (for the [[Standing Council of Scottish Chiefs]]) |isbn=0-00-470547-5 |pages=114–115}}</ref> |
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==History== |
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'''Clan Crichton''' is a [[Scottish Lowlands|Lowland]] [[Scottish clan]]. |
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===Origins of the clan=== |
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One of the earliest baronies around [[Edinburgh]] was formed from the lands of ''[[Crichton, Midlothian|Kreitton]]'' and is mentioned in charters of the early 12th century.<ref name="Clan.Encyclopedia.Crichton"/> In 1128 Thurstan de Crechtune witnessed the foundation of [[Holyrood Abbey]] by [[David I of Scotland]].<ref name="Clan.Encyclopedia.Crichton"/> Thurstan's son, Thomas de Crichton is listed on the [[Ragman Rolls]] of 1296, swearing fealty to [[Edward I of England]].<ref name="Clan.Encyclopedia.Crichton"/> Thomas's three sons each extended the family's holdings.<ref name="Clan.Encyclopedia.Crichton"/> The second son, William, married Isobel de Ross who was the heiress to the barony of Sanquhar in [[Dumfriesshire]].<ref name="Clan.Encyclopedia.Crichton"/> |
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The lands of ''[[Crichton, Midlothian|Kreitton]]'' formed one of the earliest baronies around [[Edinburgh]] and are mentioned in charters of the early 12th century. |
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===15th and 16th centuries=== |
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| ⚫ | In 1464 Sir Robert Crichton of Sanquhar was sheriff of the county of Dumfries. From 1468 to 1469 he was also Coroner of [[Nithsdale]].<ref name="Clan.Encyclopedia.Crichton"/> In 1487 his eldest son, Robert Crichton, was created a peer with the title [[Earl of Dumfries|Lord Crichton of Sanquhar]] by [[James III of Scotland]].<ref name="Clan.Encyclopedia.Crichton"/> |
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Thurstan de Cechtune was a witness to the foundation of the [[Holyrood Abbey]] by King [[David I of Scotland]] in 1128. Thomas de Crichton swore fealty to King [[Edward I of England]] in the Ragman Roll of 1296. Thomas had three sons each of whom extended the family holdings. His second son William Crichton married Isabel de [[Clan Ross|Ross]] who was heiress to the barony of Sanquhar in [[Dumfrieshire]]. |
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| ⚫ | Another descendant of Thomas de Crichton was [[William Crichton, 1st Lord Crichton|Sir William Crichton]] who in 1439 was appointed to the office of Chancellor of Scotland, during the minority of [[James II of Scotland]]. Crichton organised the infamous "[[Black Dinner]]" at [[Edinburgh Castle]] of which he was constable. [[William Douglas, 6th Earl of Douglas|The Earl of Douglas]] and his brother were invited as guests of honour to a royal banquet at the castle, where King James was in residence. After the dinner the two Douglases were dragged from the boy king's presence and executed on Castle Hill. The [[Clan Douglas]], never slow to take revenge, laid siege to the castle, which Crichton surrendered to the king, and a truce was declared. The Douglases would go on to make an unsuccessful attempt to assassinate Crichton, who was later given the title [[Lord Crichton]].<ref name="Clan.Encyclopedia.Crichton"/> |
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[[File:Crichton Castle 01.jpg|thumb|right|The interior of [[Crichton Castle]], historic seat of the chiefs of Clan Crichton.]] |
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The second Lord Crichton obtained the barony of Frendraught in Banffshire through marriage.<ref name="Clan.Encyclopedia.Crichton"/> The third Lord Crichton sided with the [[Duke of Albany]] in his rebellion against his own brother, [[James III of Scotland]]. Crichton garrisoned [[Crichton Castle]] against the king, but the rebellion failed and as a result the Crichton estates were forfeited for treason.<ref name="Clan.Encyclopedia.Crichton"/> |
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In about 1552, William Crichton, third Lord Sanquhar, was killed in the house of the [[James Hamilton, Duke of Châtellerault|Regent Arran]], by [[Lord Sempill]] (chief of [[Clan Sempill]]).<ref name="Clan.Encyclopedia.Crichton"/> The sixth Lord Sanquhar died in disgrace, having been accused of being involved in the murder of a [[fencing]] master who had blinded Crichton in one eye years before.<ref name="Clan.Encyclopedia.Crichton"/> |
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[[James Crichton]] is perhaps the most celebrated member of the Clan Crichton. He is known in history as "Admirable Crichton" due to his superb mental and physical prowess. He is said to have mastered all of the knowledge of his time and been able to speak and write in ten different languages, all by the age of twenty; he was also a feared swordsman. James Crichton studied at the [[University of St Andrews]] then travelled to [[Paris]], where he challenged professors of the city to dispute with him on any branch of science or literature, offering to answer in any of his ten languages. The following day he was declared champion at a public [[Jousting|joust]]. In 1582 Crichton was set upon by a gang, of which he killed five. Recognizing the sixth—the gang leader—as one of his own students, he dropped his guard, whereupon he was stabbed in the heart.<ref name="Clan.Encyclopedia.Crichton"/> |
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| ⚫ | Another descendant of Thomas de Crichton was [[William Crichton, 1st Lord Crichton|Sir William Crichton]] who was |
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The 2nd Lord Crichton obtained through marriage the barony Frendraught in [[Banffshire]]. The third Lord Crichton joined the [[Duke of Albany]] in his rebellion against his royal brother King James III of Scotland which culminated in the [[Battle of Harlaw]] in 1411. |
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<!-- Deleted image removed: [[File:Clan Douglas clan map.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Scottish clan map showing the territory of the Clan Crichton to the bottom left, coloured in orange]] --> |
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During the [[Scotland in the Wars of the Three Kingdoms|Civil War]] another [[James Crichton, 1st Viscount Frendraught]] supported the royalist [[James Graham, 1st Marquis of Montrose]].<ref name="Clan.Encyclopedia.Crichton"/> Crichton was present at Montrose's defeat at the [[Battle of Carbisdale]] (also known as the Battle of Invercarron) in 1650.<ref name="Clan.Encyclopedia.Crichton"/> It is said that Crichton gave his horse to Montrose so that he could escape.<ref name="Clan.Encyclopedia.Crichton"/> Crichton was taken prisoner.<ref name="Clan.Encyclopedia.Crichton"/> |
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===16th century & clan conflicts=== |
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The [[Double-barrelled name|double-barrelled]] surname originates from the fact that the chiefs are direct descendants of the [[Clan Maitland|Maitland family]], the [[Earl of Lauderdale|Earls of Lauderdale]], and [[Clan Makgill]]. [[Royal Navy]] Captain [[Frederick Lewis Maitland (Royal Navy captain)|Frederick Maitland]] married Margaret Dick. Dick's grandmother was an heiress of [[Clan Makgill]] of Rankeilour and a descendant of [[James Crichton, 1st Viscount Frendraught]] of Clan Crichton through inter-marriage. One of their direct descendants Charles established his right to the chiefship and was recognised by a [[Court of the Lord Lyon|Lyon Court]] decree in 1980.<ref>{{cite news|title=Banking on the good name of the family|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=2507&dat=19820531&id=YcpAAAAAIBAJ&sjid=uaUMAAAAIBAJ&pg=6373,5795722|newspaper=[[The Herald (Glasgow)|The Herald]] (archived on [[Google News]])|date=31 May 1982}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Debrett's peerage & baronetage|publisher=[[Debrett's]]|date=2008|page=836}}</ref> |
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Members of the extended Maitland-Makgill-Crichton family include distinguished military officers, many of whom served in the various Scottish regiments during both World Wars, such as Major-General [[Edward Maitland-Makgill-Crichton]]<ref>{{cite news|title=Edward Maitland-Makgill-Crichton; Soldier and businessman|url=http://www.heraldscotland.com/comment/obituaries/edward-mait-land-makgill-crichton-soldier-and-businessman-1.1005240|newspaper=[[The Herald (Glasgow)|The Herald]]|date=9 February 2010}}</ref> and Brigadier [[Henry Maitland-Makgill-Crichton]]. |
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In 1571 Clan Crichton took the side of [[Clan Forbes]] in their long feud against [[Clan Gordon]]. By 1571 the feud had got to the point where other clans began taking sides. Other opponents of the Gordons such as [[Clan Keith]] and [[Clan Fraser]] also joined forces with Clan Forbes. However the [[Clan Leslie]], [[Clan Irvine]] and [[Clan Seton]] who had their own feuds with the Forbeses joined forces with Clan Gordon. The feud culminated in two full scale battles in 1571; The Battle of Tillieangus and the Battle of Craibstone. It was at the Battle of Tillieangus that the 6th Lord Forbes's youngest son known as Black Aurther Forbes was killed. Legend has it that "''he stooped down to quench his thirst and one of the Gordons gave him his death blow through an open joint in his armour''". |
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==Clan Chiefs== |
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1582, Perhaps the most celebrated Crichton was James who lived within the reign of both Queen Mary and King James VI. He was also a superb equestrian, a feared swordsman and accomplished in all social graces. It is claimed that 50 doctors put questions to him of mind bending complexity which he answered with ease and the next day he attended a public joust and became champion of the field. At a carnival in 1582 Crichton was set upon by a gang of masked bandits who discovered that his reputation was not vanity. He promptly killed 5 of his attackers and turned to dispatch the 6th on discovering that his opponent was none other than his young pupil, Vincenzo, he dropped his guard and Vincenzo stabbed him in the heart. |
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''Incomplete list'' |
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*Charles Maitland-Makgill-Crichton (1942–1992){{cn|date=October 2020}} |
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===17th century & Civil War=== |
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*David Maitland-Makgill-Crichton (b. 1972)<ref>{{cite news|title=THE YOUNG CHIEFTAINS WHO ARE STRUGGLING TO KEEP ALIVE AN OLD SCOTS TRADITION; Come on, come on ... I'm the leader of the clan, I am!|url=http://www.thefreelibrary.com/THE+YOUNG+CHIEFTAINS+WHO+ARE+STRUGGLING+TO+KEEP+ALIVE+AN+OLD+SCOTS...-a061082443|date=20 July 1997|newspaper=[[The Herald (Glasgow)|The Herald]] (courtesy of thefreelibrary.com)}}</ref> |
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During the Civil War Clan Crichton supported the [[Cavalier|Royalist]] James [[Clan Graham|Graham]] the [[James Graham, 1st Marquess of Montrose|1st Marquess of Montrose]]. The Clan Cricton fought at the [[Battle of Invercarron]]. It is said that Chief Frendraught Crichton gave his horse to Montrose during a battle at Invercarron so he could evade capture. Crichton was taken prisoner but, considering the fate of Montrose was probably fortunate that he died of his wounds before he met a similar end. |
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==Clan castles== |
==Clan castles== |
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*[[Sanquhar Castle]] was built by the Crichtons in the 13th century. |
*[[Sanquhar Castle]] was built by the Crichtons in the 13th century. |
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*[[Blackness Castle]] was built by the Crichtons in 1445. |
*[[Blackness Castle]] was built by the Crichtons in 1445. |
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*[[Monzie Castle]] is the residence of the current chief of Clan Crichton. |
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*Frendraught Castle was the home of the Crichtons titled Baron of Frendraught and Viscount Frendraught in the 17th century. |
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*Crichton Chateau is the current residence of the self proclaimed chief of the American sector Michael Crichton. |
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==See also== |
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*[[Earl of Dumfries]] |
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*[[Scottish clan]] |
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*[[Creighton (disambiguation)]], an alternative spelling of the surname |
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==References== |
==References== |
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==External links== |
==External links== |
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*[http://clancrichton.org/ Official website] |
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*[http://www.clan-crichton.com/ http://www.clan-crichton.com/] |
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==See also== |
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{{Scottish clans}} |
{{Scottish clans}} |
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[[Category:Scottish clans|Crichton]] |
[[Category:Scottish clans|Crichton]] |
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[[Category:Scottish Lowlands]] |
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[[pt:Clã Crichton]] |
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[[ru:Крихтоны]] |
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Latest revision as of 22:34, 30 April 2024
| Clan Crichton | |||
|---|---|---|---|
 Crest: A dragon spouting out fire, proper | |||
| Motto | God send grace | ||
| Profile | |||
| Region | Lowlands | ||
| Chief | |||
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| David Crichton of that Ilk[1] | |||
| Chief of clan Crichton, The Crichton of that Ilk | |||
| Seat | Monzie Castle, Crieff[1] | ||
| Historic seat | Crichton Castle | ||
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Clan Crichton is a Lowland Scottish clan that historically ruled Dumfries. [2]
History[edit]
Origins of the clan[edit]
One of the earliest baronies around Edinburgh was formed from the lands of Kreitton and is mentioned in charters of the early 12th century.[2] In 1128 Thurstan de Crechtune witnessed the foundation of Holyrood Abbey by David I of Scotland.[2] Thurstan's son, Thomas de Crichton is listed on the Ragman Rolls of 1296, swearing fealty to Edward I of England.[2] Thomas's three sons each extended the family's holdings.[2] The second son, William, married Isobel de Ross who was the heiress to the barony of Sanquhar in Dumfriesshire.[2]
15th and 16th centuries[edit]
In 1464 Sir Robert Crichton of Sanquhar was sheriff of the county of Dumfries. From 1468 to 1469 he was also Coroner of Nithsdale.[2] In 1487 his eldest son, Robert Crichton, was created a peer with the title Lord Crichton of Sanquhar by James III of Scotland.[2]
Another descendant of Thomas de Crichton was Sir William Crichton who in 1439 was appointed to the office of Chancellor of Scotland, during the minority of James II of Scotland. Crichton organised the infamous "Black Dinner" at Edinburgh Castle of which he was constable. The Earl of Douglas and his brother were invited as guests of honour to a royal banquet at the castle, where King James was in residence. After the dinner the two Douglases were dragged from the boy king's presence and executed on Castle Hill. The Clan Douglas, never slow to take revenge, laid siege to the castle, which Crichton surrendered to the king, and a truce was declared. The Douglases would go on to make an unsuccessful attempt to assassinate Crichton, who was later given the title Lord Crichton.[2]
The second Lord Crichton obtained the barony of Frendraught in Banffshire through marriage.[2] The third Lord Crichton sided with the Duke of Albany in his rebellion against his own brother, James III of Scotland. Crichton garrisoned Crichton Castle against the king, but the rebellion failed and as a result the Crichton estates were forfeited for treason.[2]
In about 1552, William Crichton, third Lord Sanquhar, was killed in the house of the Regent Arran, by Lord Sempill (chief of Clan Sempill).[2] The sixth Lord Sanquhar died in disgrace, having been accused of being involved in the murder of a fencing master who had blinded Crichton in one eye years before.[2]
James Crichton is perhaps the most celebrated member of the Clan Crichton. He is known in history as "Admirable Crichton" due to his superb mental and physical prowess. He is said to have mastered all of the knowledge of his time and been able to speak and write in ten different languages, all by the age of twenty; he was also a feared swordsman. James Crichton studied at the University of St Andrews then travelled to Paris, where he challenged professors of the city to dispute with him on any branch of science or literature, offering to answer in any of his ten languages. The following day he was declared champion at a public joust. In 1582 Crichton was set upon by a gang, of which he killed five. Recognizing the sixth—the gang leader—as one of his own students, he dropped his guard, whereupon he was stabbed in the heart.[2]
17th century and Civil War[edit]
During the Civil War another James Crichton, 1st Viscount Frendraught supported the royalist James Graham, 1st Marquis of Montrose.[2] Crichton was present at Montrose's defeat at the Battle of Carbisdale (also known as the Battle of Invercarron) in 1650.[2] It is said that Crichton gave his horse to Montrose so that he could escape.[2] Crichton was taken prisoner.[2]
Modern history[edit]
The double-barrelled surname originates from the fact that the chiefs are direct descendants of the Maitland family, the Earls of Lauderdale, and Clan Makgill. Royal Navy Captain Frederick Maitland married Margaret Dick. Dick's grandmother was an heiress of Clan Makgill of Rankeilour and a descendant of James Crichton, 1st Viscount Frendraught of Clan Crichton through inter-marriage. One of their direct descendants Charles established his right to the chiefship and was recognised by a Lyon Court decree in 1980.[3][4]
Members of the extended Maitland-Makgill-Crichton family include distinguished military officers, many of whom served in the various Scottish regiments during both World Wars, such as Major-General Edward Maitland-Makgill-Crichton[5] and Brigadier Henry Maitland-Makgill-Crichton.
Clan Chiefs[edit]
Incomplete list
- Charles Maitland-Makgill-Crichton (1942–1992)[citation needed]
- David Maitland-Makgill-Crichton (b. 1972)[6]
Clan castles[edit]
- Crichton Castle was the seat of the chief of Clan Crichton from the late 14th to 15th century.
- Sanquhar Castle was built by the Crichtons in the 13th century.
- Blackness Castle was built by the Crichtons in 1445.
- Monzie Castle is the residence of the current chief of Clan Crichton.
- Frendraught Castle was the home of the Crichtons titled Baron of Frendraught and Viscount Frendraught in the 17th century.
- Crichton Chateau is the current residence of the self proclaimed chief of the American sector Michael Crichton.
See also[edit]
- Lord Crichton
- Earl of Dumfries
- Scottish clan
- Creighton (disambiguation), an alternative spelling of the surname
References[edit]
- ^ a b clanchiefs.org Archived 26 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r Way, George of Plean; Squire, Romilly of Rubislaw (1994). Collins Scottish Clan & Family Encyclopedia. Glasgow: HarperCollins (for the Standing Council of Scottish Chiefs). pp. 114–115. ISBN 0-00-470547-5.
- ^ "Banking on the good name of the family". The Herald (archived on Google News). 31 May 1982.
- ^ Debrett's peerage & baronetage. Debrett's. 2008. p. 836.
- ^ "Edward Maitland-Makgill-Crichton; Soldier and businessman". The Herald. 9 February 2010.
- ^ "THE YOUNG CHIEFTAINS WHO ARE STRUGGLING TO KEEP ALIVE AN OLD SCOTS TRADITION; Come on, come on ... I'm the leader of the clan, I am!". The Herald (courtesy of thefreelibrary.com). 20 July 1997.
