Hypaepa: Difference between revisions

Coordinates: 38°13′52″N 27°58′19″E / 38.23111°N 27.97194°E / 38.23111; 27.97194
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous edit
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
mNo edit summary
No edit summary
Tags: Visual edit Mobile edit Mobile web edit
 
(46 intermediate revisions by 33 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{For|the insect genus|Hypaepa (planthopper)}}
'''Hypæpa''' or '''Hypaepa''' (Ύπαιπα or Ύπηπα) was a city in [[Lydia]], on the southern slope of the [[Tmolus]], looking towards the plain of [[Caystrus]]. The goddess [[Artemis Persica]] was worshipped there, and its women were noted for their beauty and their skill in dancing. It coined its own money until the time of [[Emperor Gordianus]]. [[Pausanias (geographer)|Pausanias]] mentions a Persian rite practiced in Hypaepa.<ref>Paus. V 27:5-6 [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0160:book=5:chapter=27:section=1 text at Perseus]</ref> [[Demostene Baltazzi]] excavated Hypaepa in 1885.<ref>[http://www.levantine.plus.com/testi44.htm Leventine Heritage]</ref>
{{Infobox settlement
<!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions -->
| name = Hypaepa
| image_skyline =
| image_caption = Hypaepa area
| image_shield =
| pushpin_map = Turkey
|coordinates = {{coord|38|13|52|N|27|58|19|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[Turkey]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[Provinces of Turkey|Province]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[İzmir Province|İzmir]]
}}
[[File:Lydia circa 50 AD - English legend.jpg|thumb|300px|Hypaepa among the cities of Lydia (ca. 50 AD)]]


'''Hypaepa''' or '''Hypaipa''' ({{lang-grc| Ὕπαιπα}})<ref>[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0064:entry=hypaepa-geo Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854) William Smith]</ref> was an [[Colonia (Roman)|Ancient city]] and (arch)bishopric in [[ancient Lydia]], near the north bank of the Cayster River, and 42 miles from [[Ephesus]], [[Ephesus]]<ref name=Smith>[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0064%3Aalphabetic+letter%3DH%3Aentry+group%3D7%3Aentry%3Dhypaepa-geo William Smith, ''Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography'' (1854)]</ref><ref>[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0062:entry=hypaepa-harpers&highlight=hypaepa Harry Thurston Peck, ''Harpers Dictionary of Classical Antiquities'' (1898)]</ref> and remains a Latin Catholic [[titular see]].
Under the [[Roman Empire]], it lay in the [[Roman province]] of [[Asia Minor]].


== Name and location ==
It is now a little village in [[Turkey]] called Günlüce (or Tapu?), 4 km northwest of [[Ödemiş]], [[İzmir Province]].<ref>{{GR}} [http://www2.egiklopedia.gr/asiaminor/forms/fLemma.aspx?lemmaId=6582 Ύπαιπα (Αρχαιότητα)]</ref> Under the [[Ottoman Empire]], it was located in the [[vilayet]] of [[İzmir]]; local Christians retained the ancient name. It has ruins dating from classical and medieval times.
Its name was derived from its situation at the foot of Mount Aipos,{{explain|date=February 2017}} itself a southern foothill of [[Mount Tmolus]],<ref name=EHW/>


Its location was identified by the Frenchmen Cousinéry and Texier and confirmed by the excavations carried out by Demostene Baltazzi on behalf of the [[Ottoman government]] in 1892. The ruins are close to the present-day village of [[Günlüce, Ödemiş|Günlüce]] (earlier known as Datbey or Tapaı; in the Ottoman [[vilayet of Smyrna]]), 4 kilometres northwest of the town of [[Ödemiş]].<ref name=EHW>[http://asiaminor.ehw.gr/Forms/fLemmaBody.aspx?lemmaid=6582 Encyclopedia of the Hellenic World, "Ύπαιπα (Αρχαιότητα)]</ref>
⚫
==Church history==


Its position looking towards the plain of [[Caystrus]], was a strategic one on the route between [[Sardis]] and Ephesus.<ref name=EHW/>
⚫
Hypaepa was an [[episcopal see]] until the thirteenth century; under [[Isaac II Angelus Comnenus]] (1185-1195 and 1203-1204) it became a [[metropolitan see]]. Lequien (Oriens Christ., I, 695) mentions six bishops: Mithres, present at the [[First Council of Nicaea]] in 325; Euporus, at the [[Council of Ephesus]] in 431; Julian, at Ephesus, 449, and at the [[Council of Chalcedon]] in 451; Anthony, who abjured [[Monothelism]] at the [[Third Council of Constantinople]] in 680; Theophylactus, at the [[Council of Nicaea]] in 787; Gregory, at the Council of Constantinople in 879. To these may be added Michael, who in 1230 signed a document issued by the [[Patriarch Germanus II]] (Revue des études grecques, 1894, VII).


== History ==
Hypaepa remains a Roman Catholic [[titular bishopric]], [[suffragan]] of the [[archbishop]] of [[Ephesus]].<ref>{{CathEncy|url=http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07604a.htm|title=Hypæpa}}</ref>
[[File:MountTmolus Bozdag Turkey.jpg|thumb|right|Mount Tmolus]]In 88 BC, Hypaepa rebelled against [[Mithridates VI of Pontus]] and was severely punished.<ref name=EHW/> Under [[Roman Emperor]] [[Tiberius]] (AD 14-37) it was selection as a candidate for the location of a temple dedicated to worship of the Emperor, but was rejected as being too insignificant.<ref name=EHW/>
In fact, the Roman poet [[Ovid]] contrasted the great city of [[Sardis]] with what he called "little Hypaepa": ''Sardibus hinc, illinc parvis finitur Hypaepis''.<ref>[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.02.0029%3Abook%3D11%3Acard%3D146 Ovid, Metamophoses, 11.146, l. 152]; [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.02.0028:book=11:card=146&highlight=hypaepa English verse translation]</ref>


Coinage of Hypaepa of the 3rd century AD are extant,<ref name=Smith/> until the time of [[Emperor Gallienus]].
⚫
==References==
<references/>


To judge by the number of Byzantine churches that it contained, Hypaepa flourished under the [[Byzantine Empire]].<ref name=EHW/>
{{Catholic}}

== Mythology and pre-christian religion ==
The women of Hypaepa were reputed to have received from the mythological [[Aphrodite]] the gift of beauty of form and dancing<ref name=CE>[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07604a.htm Sophrone Pétridès, "Hypaepa" in ''Catholic Encyclopedia'' (New York 1910)]</ref> [[Ovid]] placed at Hypaepa the home of [[Arachne]] before she was turned into a spider.<ref>[http://poetryintranslation.com/PITBR/Latin/Metamorph6.htm#_Toc64106362 Ovid, Metamorphoses, VI]</ref>

The [[Persia]]n goddess [[Anahita]], identified with [[Artemis]] and therefore called Artemis Anaitis or Persian Artemis, was worshipped at Hypaepa, which had been part of the [[Achaemenid Empire]]. However, under the [[Roman Empire]] the priests of the temple bore Greek names, not Persian.<ref name=EHW/><ref name=CE/>

[[Pausanias (geographer)|Pausanias]] mentions a rite performed in Hypaepa, in which wood was set alight apparently by magic.<ref>Pausanias V 27:5-6 [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0160:book=5:chapter=27&highlight=hypaepa text at Perseus]</ref>

There was a temple of [[Priapus]] at the city.<ref>[https://topostext.org/work/678#133 Petronius, Satyricon, §133]</ref>

An inscription from the synagogue of [[Sardis]] mentions a benefactor who was a member of the council of Hypaepa, indicating the presence there of a Jewish community.<ref name=EHW/>

⚫
== Ecclesiastical history ==
=== Bishopric ===
Hypaepa was an [[episcopal see]], one of many [[suffragan]]s of [[Ephesus]], the [[metropolitan see]] of the late [[Roman province]] of [[Asia Prima]]. It remained active until the 13th century.
Under [[Byzantine emperor]] [[Isaac II Angelus Comnenus]] (1185-1195 and 1203-1204) it became a [[Metropolitan see]].<ref name=CE/>

⚫
[[Lequien]] (''Oriens Christianus'' I, 695) mentions six bishops: Mithres, present at the [[First Council of Nicaea]] in 325; Euporus, at the [[First Council of Ephesus]] in 431; Julian, at Ephesus, 449, and at the [[Council of Chalcedon]] in 451; Anthony, who abjured [[Monothelism]] at the [[Third Council of Constantinople]] in 680; Theophylactus, at the [[Second Council of Nicaea]] in 787; Gregory, at the Council of Constantinople in 879. To these may be added Michael, who in 1230 signed a document issued by the [[Patriarch Germanus II]] (Revue des études grecques, 1894, VII).<ref name=CE/>

=== Titular see ===
The Latin diocese was nominally restored as [[titular bishopric]] around 1900 as '''Hipæpa''' (Curiate Italian Ipæpa) and renamed '''Hypæpa''' in 1933.

It is vacant since decades, having had the following incumbents, all of the lowest (episcopal) rank :
* Edward Gilpin Bagshawe, [[Oratorians of Philip Neri]] (C.O.) (1902.01.27 – 1904.01.17), previously Bishop of [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Nottingham|Nottingham]] (England, UK) (1874.10.12 – 1901.11.25?), later [[Titular Archbishop]] of [[Seleucia Trachea]] (1904.01.17 – 1915.02.06)
* Augustin Henninghaus (韓寧鎬), [[Divine Word Missionaries]] (S.V.D.) (1904.08.07 – 1939.07.20)
* Raymond Aloysius Lane (林化東), [[Maryknoll Fathers]] (M.M.) (1940.02.13 – 1946.04.11)

⚫
== References ==
<references/> Sencan Altınoluk, Hypaipa. A Lydian City During the Roman Imperial Period, Istanbul, 2013.

==Sources and external links==
* [http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/former/t0930.htm GCatholic with titular incumbent biography links]

{{Former settlements in Turkey}}
{{Authority control}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Hypaepa}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Hypaepa}}
[[Category:Catholic titular sees in Asia]]
[[Category:Populated places in ancient Lydia]]
[[Category:Former populated places in Turkey]]
[[Category:Roman towns and cities in Turkey]]
[[Category:History of İzmir Province]]
[[Category:Ödemiş District]]
[[Category:Achaemenid Empire]]
[[Category:Achaemenid Anatolia]]

Latest revision as of 08:13, 4 November 2023

For the insect genus, see Hypaepa (planthopper).
Hypaepa
Hypaepa is located in Turkey
Hypaepa
Hypaepa
Coordinates: 38°13′52″N 27°58′19″E / 38.23111°N 27.97194°E / 38.23111; 27.97194
CountryTurkey
Provinceİzmir
Hypaepa among the cities of Lydia (ca. 50 AD)

Hypaepa or Hypaipa (Ancient Greek: Ὕπαιπα)[1] was an Ancient city and (arch)bishopric in ancient Lydia, near the north bank of the Cayster River, and 42 miles from Ephesus, Ephesus[2][3] and remains a Latin Catholic titular see.

Name and location[edit]

Its name was derived from its situation at the foot of Mount Aipos,[further explanation needed] itself a southern foothill of Mount Tmolus,[4]

Its location was identified by the Frenchmen Cousinéry and Texier and confirmed by the excavations carried out by Demostene Baltazzi on behalf of the Ottoman government in 1892. The ruins are close to the present-day village of Günlüce (earlier known as Datbey or Tapaı; in the Ottoman vilayet of Smyrna), 4 kilometres northwest of the town of Ödemiş.[4]

Its position looking towards the plain of Caystrus, was a strategic one on the route between Sardis and Ephesus.[4]

History[edit]

Mount Tmolus

In 88 BC, Hypaepa rebelled against Mithridates VI of Pontus and was severely punished.[4] Under Roman Emperor Tiberius (AD 14-37) it was selection as a candidate for the location of a temple dedicated to worship of the Emperor, but was rejected as being too insignificant.[4]

In fact, the Roman poet Ovid contrasted the great city of Sardis with what he called "little Hypaepa": Sardibus hinc, illinc parvis finitur Hypaepis.[5]

Coinage of Hypaepa of the 3rd century AD are extant,[2] until the time of Emperor Gallienus.

To judge by the number of Byzantine churches that it contained, Hypaepa flourished under the Byzantine Empire.[4]

Mythology and pre-christian religion[edit]

The women of Hypaepa were reputed to have received from the mythological Aphrodite the gift of beauty of form and dancing[6] Ovid placed at Hypaepa the home of Arachne before she was turned into a spider.[7]

The Persian goddess Anahita, identified with Artemis and therefore called Artemis Anaitis or Persian Artemis, was worshipped at Hypaepa, which had been part of the Achaemenid Empire. However, under the Roman Empire the priests of the temple bore Greek names, not Persian.[4][6]

Pausanias mentions a rite performed in Hypaepa, in which wood was set alight apparently by magic.[8]

There was a temple of Priapus at the city.[9]

An inscription from the synagogue of Sardis mentions a benefactor who was a member of the council of Hypaepa, indicating the presence there of a Jewish community.[4]

Ecclesiastical history[edit]

Bishopric[edit]

Hypaepa was an episcopal see, one of many suffragans of Ephesus, the metropolitan see of the late Roman province of Asia Prima. It remained active until the 13th century.

Under Byzantine emperor Isaac II Angelus Comnenus (1185-1195 and 1203-1204) it became a Metropolitan see.[6]

Lequien (Oriens Christianus I, 695) mentions six bishops: Mithres, present at the First Council of Nicaea in 325; Euporus, at the First Council of Ephesus in 431; Julian, at Ephesus, 449, and at the Council of Chalcedon in 451; Anthony, who abjured Monothelism at the Third Council of Constantinople in 680; Theophylactus, at the Second Council of Nicaea in 787; Gregory, at the Council of Constantinople in 879. To these may be added Michael, who in 1230 signed a document issued by the Patriarch Germanus II (Revue des études grecques, 1894, VII).[6]

Titular see[edit]

The Latin diocese was nominally restored as titular bishopric around 1900 as Hipæpa (Curiate Italian Ipæpa) and renamed Hypæpa in 1933.

It is vacant since decades, having had the following incumbents, all of the lowest (episcopal) rank :

References[edit]

  1. ^ Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854) William Smith
  2. ^ a b William Smith, Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854)
  3. ^ Harry Thurston Peck, Harpers Dictionary of Classical Antiquities (1898)
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h Encyclopedia of the Hellenic World, "Ύπαιπα (Αρχαιότητα)
  5. ^ Ovid, Metamophoses, 11.146, l. 152; English verse translation
  6. ^ a b c d Sophrone Pétridès, "Hypaepa" in Catholic Encyclopedia (New York 1910)
  7. ^ Ovid, Metamorphoses, VI
  8. ^ Pausanias V 27:5-6 text at Perseus
  9. ^ Petronius, Satyricon, §133

Sencan Altınoluk, Hypaipa. A Lydian City During the Roman Imperial Period, Istanbul, 2013.

Sources and external links[edit]

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hypaepa&oldid=1183434120"