Šivetice
| Šivetice | |||
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| coat of arms | map | ||
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| Basic data | |||
| State : | Slovakia | ||
| Kraj : | Banskobystrický kraj | ||
| Okres : | Revúca | ||
| Region : | Gemer | ||
| Area : | 8.261 km² | ||
| Residents : | 375 (Dec. 31, 2019) | ||
| Population density : | 45 inhabitants per km² | ||
| Height : | 233 m nm | ||
| Postal code : | 049 14 ( Licince Post Office ) | ||
| Telephone code : | 0 58 | ||
| Geographic location : | 48 ° 35 ' N , 20 ° 16' E | ||
| License plate : | RA | ||
| Kód obce : | 526304 | ||
| structure | |||
| Community type : | local community | ||
| Administration (as of November 2018) | |||
| Mayor : | Ľudovít Sendrei | ||
| Address: | Obecný úrad Šivetice č. 94 049 14 Licince |
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| Website: | www.sivetice.ou.sk | ||
| Statistics information on statistics.sk | |||
Šivetice (German Suwetitz, Schiwitz , Hungarian Süvete ) is a municipality in the eastern center of Slovakia with 375 inhabitants (as of December 31, 2019), which belongs to the Okres Revúca , a district of the Banskobystrický kraj and is located in the traditional Gemer landscape . The remains of Romanesque wall paintings in a round church dating back to the 13th century are significant in terms of art history .
Location and traffic
The village is located in the southwestern part of the Slovak Karst in the Muráň river valley . The center of the village lies at an altitude of 233 m nm and is six kilometers from Jelšava and 18 kilometers from Revúca .
Neighboring municipalities are Gemerské Teplice in the north, Hucín in the east, Licince in the south, Držkovce in the southwest and Prihradzany in the west.
The 2nd order road 532 runs from Muráň in a southerly direction via Jelšava to Tornaľa . There is no direct rail connection. On the branch line Plešivec – Muráň leading through the place the passenger traffic is stopped.
history
Šivetice was first mentioned in writing in 1262 as Sueta and first belonged to the Jelšava estate, from the 15th century to the dominion of the Muráň castle . At that time there was a watchtower on Mount Múrik. According to a tax register, the village had 31 portals in 1427 . After devastation by Ottoman troops, reconstruction began in the 17th century. In 1710, 320 people died in a plague epidemic. In 1828 there were 77 houses and 588 inhabitants who were employed as farmers and in particular as potters. The local potters were united in a pottery guild, and their products such as jugs, vases, pipes and bowls were known throughout Austria-Hungary at the time.
Until 1918, the place in Gemer and Kleinhont County belonged to the Kingdom of Hungary and then came to Czechoslovakia, or now Slovakia. Even in the first Czechoslovak Republic, Šivetice remained an agricultural village with a tradition of pottery. As a result of the First Vienna Arbitration Award, Šivetice was again part of Hungary from 1938 to 1945.
population
According to the 2011 census, 402 inhabitants lived in Šivetice, including 338 Slovaks , 17 Roma , five Magyars and one Czech . 41 residents did not provide any information on ethnicity .
170 residents committed to the Roman Catholic Church, 47 residents to the Evangelical Church AB and one resident to the Jehovah's Witnesses. 143 residents had no denomination and 41 residents had no denomination.
Townscape
Šivetice is a street village with mostly single-story, simple houses with hipped roofs, which are lined up in a north-south direction along the thoroughfare. The center is the building of the municipal administration with an adjoining grocery store.
Margaretakirche
The most important building is the Roman Catholic round church, consecrated to Saint Margaret (Margita), which is located on a hill on the northern edge of the village within a walled cemetery. The oldest part of the church is from the Romanesque native apse , which dates to the first half of the 13th century and up to the Arc de Triomphe is received. The destroyed original nave was elongated and enclosed by a circular outer wall, it was a variant of the rotunda built for village churches in Central Europe since the pre-Romanesque period. The fundamentally different type of architecture besides the rotunda was the long rectangular hall church with a semicircular apse in small village churches . Romanesque village churches have been known since the 11th century, most of them date from the 13th century, like the Margaretakirche. The oldest preserved round church in Moravia is the rotunda of St. Catherine in Znojmo from the first half of the 11th century; In Slovakia, the Georgs rotunda from Skalica from the 12th century is one of the oldest preserved buildings in the country, while the Ducové round church was torn down to the ground.
According to the documents, the church was Protestant in 1596 and has been Catholic since 1712. In the middle of the 18th century, a circular architecture was built in place of the destroyed Romanesque nave, the slightly larger part of which serves as a prayer room, while the Romanesque triumphal arch that bisects the space and the apis are enclosed in the eastern part of the building. On the opposite west side of the entrance is a small square narthex with a hipped roof. The rotunda is covered by a conical roof with a dome top. Typical of the Romanesque is the structure of the facade with all-round, closely lined up blind arches , which in Šivetice are only broken through by three windows in the lower area in the apse and one window each for the prayer room in the north-west and south-east. Priests were able to enter the apse directly from the south side through an external door that is now walled up. There is another small arched window above. On the north side of the apse, a passage leads into a low, attached side room with a rectangular base.
Remains of Romanesque paintings are visible on the apse walls, which are very rare in the country and almost only found in village churches. Besides Šivetice, the few churches with preserved Romanesque wall paintings in Slovakia include the 11th century St. George's Church in Kostoľany pod Tribečom and the monastery church in Dravce , built in 1288 . In the upper part of the apse there is a cycle of St. Margaret and in the lower part there is a Christology cycle in secco painting from the end of the 13th century. This dating is because the painting contains motifs in the Franciscan style. There are also Gothic- influenced frescoes from the middle of the 14th century on the triumphal arch and the apse, with which the Romanesque layer was partially covered. Is shown a Pietà , the Archangel Michael as a weigher of souls , Christ between angels and Hungarian Santa Ladislaus -Legende. Ladislaus, who defeated the Cumans in a decisive battle in 1091 , is said to have achieved this with divine help. When his fighters ran out of water, he struck a rock with an ax, and water gushed out. In 2017, the restoration of the paintings started, which are in poor condition.
Next to the church is a square bell tower on the surrounding wall, through which the entrance to the cemetery leads. The lower floor of the baroque tower from 1750 is bricked, the upper floor is made of wood.
Evangelical Church of Tolerance
About 300 meters south of the Margaretakirche, next to the community center, there is the Protestant Tolerance Church , which was built in 1785 in the classicist style and expanded in 1831 to include a four-storey bell tower on the north gable of the south-facing nave.
Sons and daughters of the church
- Matej Bahil (1706–1761), Protestant priest and writer
Individual evidence
- ↑ Peter Süle: Encyklopédia miest a obcí Slovenska . PS-Line, Lučenec 2005, ISBN 80-969388-8-6 , p. 581 .
- ↑ Results of the 2011 census (Slovak)
- ↑ Bohumir Bachratý, Dana Boŕutová, Katarina Chmelinová, Štefan Oriško, Mária Smoláková: Visual Arts. In: Slovakia / history - theater - music - language - literature - folk culture - visual arts - Slovaks abroad - film. ( Wieser Encyclopedia of the European East, Volume 1.2) Wieser, Klagenfurt 2009, p. 285
- ↑ Július Bartl, Dušan Škvarna u. a .: Slovak History: Chronology & Lexicon. Bolchazy-Carducci Publishers, Wauconda (Illinois) 2002, p. 295
- ↑ Bohumir Bachratý, Dana Boŕutová, Katarina Chmelinová, Štefan Oriško, Mária Smoláková, 2009, p. 287
- ^ Ernst Hochberger: The great book of Slovakia . Hochberger, Sinn 1997, p. 112
Web links
- Entry on e-obce.sk (Slovak)