Artist house

Künstlerhaus is a term in German with five different meanings, sometimes in mixed forms, and requires the presence of one or more studio-like rooms or workshops .

Definition variants

An artist house means:

• a building that includes living rooms as well as a studio or workshop and was built by the artist or architect himself or for him (see Rubens House or Palazzo Zuccari ),
• the birthplace, parental home or residence / residence with studio of an artist and often at the same time his main place of activity during a significant phase of life ( Max Liebermann's studio in Palais Liebermann next to the Brandenburg Gate in Berlin or his summer villa on Wannsee; Albrecht Dürer House in Nuremberg ; Lenbachhaus in Munich; Münterhaus in Murnau; Claude Monet's domicile in Giverny ),
• a building or structure with a number of studios / workshops that are usually privately rented by a large number of artists ( Bateau-Lavoir , in which Picasso worked in his early Parisian years; La Ruche in Paris),
• numerous facilities / buildings in the German-speaking countries referred to as artists' houses, sometimes also several such facilities or buildings in the same city under different sponsorship , e.g. B. through associations or foundations : these buildings serve as work and meeting places for cultural workers in the fields of fine arts and handicrafts , literature and music , partly performing arts and are equipped with studios, workshops and communication rooms of various kinds and sometimes with guest apartments for limited artist stays fitted. Such houses usually open up specifically to the surrounding resident population and often take on an image and identity function for the district or the location, both within and outside the city.
• Buildings and facilities that provide professional artists from different countries with a studio or a workshop and a studio apartment for a limited period of time, usually in connection with a work grant, so that the participants can work creatively in an international environment. This type of funding is known as artist in residence ( Villa Romana in Florence). Such institutions are often funded through foundations.

Conceptual discrepancies

A distinction must be made between the five characterizations:

• the artist colony : this term has historically been associated with extra-urban associations. At the same time, a large number of institutions are currently adopting this designation for themselves, which could actually be referred to as artists' houses and enable spatial and creative cooperation between different artists in an urban setting.
• the art house :

• Such is used in the sense of an exhibition house or an art museum for the presentation of art objects, but not their production.
• the art house in the sense of a house or building as art essentially places the artistic activity of the architect or artist in the foreground in its external appearance . Typical of this are a number of Antoni Gaudí's buildings in the formal language of Modernism , or the crooked, partly deconstructivist buildings by Frank O. Gehry or the organic form and playful color language of Friedensreich Hundertwasser in his designs, e.g. B. at the Hundertwasser House in Vienna.

history

Artists' houses were built in various German cities in the middle of the 19th century. They were conceived by artists 'associations who sought to improve the placement and marketing of their members' works and set up suitable rooms for this purpose. Here, on the one hand, regular exhibitions under optimal conditions could be promoted, and on the other hand social gatherings and events could be organized. The first artists' houses were built in Stuttgart in 1844 with the bell and founded in 1848 with the paint box in Düsseldorf . The artists in Hanover had also had their own premises in the Museum of Art and Science since 1856 , which was later named the Künstlerhaus . In the Bavarian capital of Munich , the artist support association began working on plans for an artist's house from 1850 .

List of artist houses

The list given here is only an example:

In Germany

place	Surname	Founded	comment
Ahrenshoop	Artist house Lukas
Bad Ems	International artist house at Schloss Balmoral
Bamberg	International artist house Villa Concordia
Berlin	Atelier building Bleibtreustraße 7	1897	Remodeling in 1932
	Atelier building at Kantstrasse 149	1892	Apartments and studios
	Atelierhaus Eisenacherstraße 103	before 1903	Ateliers in the rear building, later converted into 15 studio apartments. 1981 demolition started and occupied , inhabited until today (as of February 2019)
	Atelierhaus Lützowstrasse 82	1890	Ateliers in the rear building, converted into a factory in sections from 1907, destroyed in the 1940s
	Atelier of the Association of Berlin Women Artists	1911
	Bethany
	Artist's house St. Lukas	1890
Bremen	Künstlerhaus Bremen	1992
Frankfurt am Main	Mousonturm artist house	1988
Gelsenkirchen	Halfmannshof artists' settlement	1931
Dortmund	Künstlerhaus Dortmund
Dresden	Künstlerhaus Dresden-Loschwitz	1898
Dusseldorf	Wonder building	before 1875	Atelier building, which offered room for twenty-one artists. Destroyed in 1943.
	Artist studio house	1907/1908	Was donated by the Association of Düsseldorf Artists with studios and workshops for professional artists for a small rent.
	Atelier house Franz-Juergens-Strasse 12	1936/37	The ensemble of buildings, conceived as an “artist community center with 12 studios and an exhibition room”, was created for the 1937 Reich Exhibition, the Creative People , is owned by the city of Düsseldorf and is part of an “artists' settlement” in Düsseldorf-Golzheim that still exists today .
Eckernförde	Schleswig-Holstein artist house	1998
Edenkoben near Heidelberg	Künstlerhaus Edenkoben
Feldafing near Munich	Artist house Villa Waldberta
Gladenbach near Marburg	Artist house Lenz
Grimma near Leipzig	Monument smithy Höfgen	1976
Hanover	Künstlerhaus Hannover
Hamburg	Sootbörn artist house
Karlsruhe	Künstlerhaus Karlsruhe	before 1907
Kempten	Kempten artist house	2004
Krefeld	Künstlerhaus Krefeld
Leipzig	Künstlerhaus (Leipzig)	1900	Destroyed in 1943
Mannheim	Künstlerhaus zeitraumexit	2000
Marktoberdorf	Künstlerhaus Marktoberdorf	2001
Meinersen	Künstlerhaus Meinersen	1989
Munich	Künstlerhaus on Lenbachplatz	1900
Munich	Künstlerhaus of the state capital Munich	1980
Neumunster	Künstlerhaus Stadttöpferei Neumünster	1987
Nuremberg	Künstlerhaus Nuremberg
regensburg	Artists' house Andreasstadel	2004	see Salzstadel (Stadtamhof)
Rheda-Wiedenbrück	Künstlerhaus Wiedenbrück
Saarbrücken	Saarland artist house
Lauenburg / Elbe	Artist house Lauenburg	1986
Schöppingen near Münster	Artist Village Schöppingen Foundation
Stuttgart	Künstlerhaus Stuttgart	1978
Weimar	Weimar Artists' Home	1887	Destroyed in 1945
Wiepersdorf south of Berlin	Künstlerhaus Schloss Wiepersdorf
Wustrow	Schreyahn Artists' Court

In Austria

place	Surname	Founded	comment
Bregenz	Artist house Bregenz	1984
Klagenfurt	Künstlerhaus Klagenfurt
Salzburg	Salzburg artist house	1885
Vienna	Künstlerhaus Vienna	1868
Graz	Künstlerhaus Graz	1952

In Switzerland

place	Surname	Founded	comment
Boswil	Boswil artist house	1954

Other states

Country	place	Surname	Founded	comment
France	Paris	Bateau-Lavoir	1892	Burned out in 1970, renovated in 1978
		La Ruche	1902	Original building for the Paris World Exposition in 1900 built

literature

• Melanie Klier: Artists' Houses. Prestel Verlag, Munich 2006, ISBN 978-3-7913-3525-4
• Gérard-Georges Lemaire (texts); Jean-Claude Amiel (photographs): Artists and their homes. Knesebeck Verlag, Munich 2004, ISBN 3-89660-208-X

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Ernst Seidl (ed.): Lexicon of building types. Functions and forms of architecture . Stuttgart: Philipp Reclam jun. Verlag, 2006, ISBN 978-3-15-010572-6
2. ^ Siegfried Kett: Das Nürnberger Künstlerhaus , Nuremberg 1992, Verlag Nürnberger Presse, ISBN 3-920701-89-5 , p. 9.