Sandbach (Acher)
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Sandbach upper course name: Bühlot |
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 Sandbach in May 2013 in Vimbuch. In the foreground the Sandbach flood canal. |
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| Data | ||
| Water code | DE : 235728 | |
| location |
Northern Black Forest valley
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|
| River system | Rhine | |
| Drain over | Acher → Rhine → North Sea | |
| source | near the Black Forest High Road ( B500 ) between Hundseck and Unterstmatt 48 ° 38 ′ 22 ″ N , 8 ° 12 ′ 2 ″ E |
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| Source height | approx. 855 m above sea level NN | |
| muzzle | near Iffezheim in the Acher coordinates: 48 ° 49 '12 " N , 8 ° 7' 25" E 48 ° 49 '12 " N , 8 ° 7' 25" E |
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| Mouth height | 116 m above sea level NN | |
| Height difference | approx. 739 m | |
| Bottom slope | approx. 25 ‰ | |
| length | 29.2 km | |
| Catchment area | 120.845 km² | |
| Discharge at the Altschweier A Eo gauge : 30.2 km² Location: 23.2 km above the mouth |
NNQ (August 1, 1949) MNQ 1941–2009 MQ 1941–2009 Mq 1941–2009 MHQ 1941–2009 HHQ (October 29, 1998) |
26 l / s 121 l / s 743 l / s 24.6 l / (s km²) 13.9 m³ / s 46.3 m³ / s |
| Left tributaries | Grünebächle, Eichwaldbächle, Grautenbach, Kuhbach, Rohrgraben, Hardtgraben | |
| Right tributaries | Wiedenbach, Hirschbach, Liehenbach, Steinbach, Grünbach, Sinzheimer Dorfbach, Ooskanal | |
The Sandbach is a body of water in the Baden-Württemberg district of Rastatt and in the urban district of Baden-Baden . From its source it runs as a Bühlot northwest in the northern Black Forest , then in the Upper Rhine Plain, initially northeast and later to its mouth again northwest. His mouth is a good 29 kilometers below its source at Iffezheim , where he coming from the right in the Altrheinzug mentioned lower reaches of Acher opens.
Surname
The name Bühlot ( mhd. Bühelat ) for the upper reaches to Bühl is of Celtic origin. Around 1900, it was said instead Bühlot also Billot . “Lot” in the Celtic language means something like running water and the prefix “Bil-” could be derived from the dwarf Bil , who comes from Nordic mythology . Other spellings were Büchelache , Bühelat , Bluewelbach , Bluwelat and Buhellat .
geography
course
The headwaters of the Sandbach are located near the Black Forest High Road ( B500 ) between Hundseck and Unterstmatt am Hochkopf at an altitude of around 855 m above sea level. NN .
The Sandbach initially flows under the name Bühlot with a steep gradient to the north, where several small streams such as the Rotwässerle meet the Sandbach. At the mouth of of sand coming Wiedenbach , who is also the Gertelbach with the very popular with hikers Gertelbachfällen than inflow of Sandbach changes its flow direction to the northwest. Here it flows through the municipality of Bühlertal , where the Grünebächle and Eichwaldbächle brooks coming from the left as well as the Liehenbach brook coming from the right and other small brooks flow into it. In Bühlertal there is also the Bühlot-Bad , named after the local name of the Sandbach , which it partially crosses.
The Bühlot makes a left curve through Altschweier and now flows to the edge of the closed settlement area of Bühl to the southwest, then through this now under the final name Sandbach to the west. At the Stadtgarten in Bühl, a small ditch branches off to the right, the Kirchgassgraben , which, however, flows back at the end of the village. Shortly after this junction, the stream crosses under the Rhine Valley Railway . The settlement zone ends behind the bridge on federal highway 3 , the Sandbach turns to the right and continues to flow in a north-northeast direction.
The Sandbach flood canal branches off in Vimbuch and connects the Sandbach with the Scheidgraben . The Rittgraben flows out at Ottenhofen , draining the Bühl industrial area and the foothills north of the city. In the widening , the Steinbach and the Grünbach flow from the right and a few kilometers further at mapping the Sinzheimer Dorfbach . Shortly after the left branch of the Oos Canal has fed it, it crosses under the federal motorway 5 and flows to the northwest.
Flowing in a north-westerly direction, the Sandbach leaves the Kinzig-Murg gully , in which it ran from Bühl, and crosses the Stollhofener Platte . It is believed that the stretch of water was artificially created through this landscape in the 14th or 15th century; previously the Sandbach is said to have flowed further north, where, together with the Oos, it fed the later drained Landsee , which stretched between Oos , Sandweier , Niederbühl and Haueneberstein . Piles from an earlier bridge on the Stollhofener Platte could be dendrochronologically dated to a felling date around 1439.
At the transition from the Stollhofener Platte to the Rhine lowlands, the Mühlbach von Iffezheim branches off to the right , the upper reaches of the Ried Canal . Continuing to the northwest, the Sandbach flows out at an altitude of 116 m above sea level. NHN in from the right Altrheinzug after he verge from said lower reaches of Acher Rhine lowland canal was crossed.
The 13 km long upper course Bühlot ends about 720 meters below its source, so it has a mean bed gradient of about 56 ‰. On the 16.1 km long lower reaches of the Sandbach , the difference in altitude is 19 meters, which corresponds to a bed gradient of 1.2 ‰.
Catchment area
The 120.85 km² catchment area of the Sandbach lies in the Black Forest and in the northern Upper Rhine lowlands . It is drained into the North Sea via the Acher and the Rhine .
It borders
- in the northeast to that of the Oosbach , which drains over the Murg into the Rhine;
- in the east to that of the Grobbach , which flows into the Oos;
- in the southeast to that of the Schwarzenbach , which flows into the Murg tributary Raumünzach ;
- in the southwest to that of the Notbach , which drains into the Acher via the Laufbach-Röderbach-Flutkanal - Sasbach line ;
- in the west to that of the Kleiner Sulzbächles , which also feeds the Sasbach line;
- in the northwest to that of the Rhine Low Canal
- and in the north to that of the Ried Canal .
The highest point is 1038.3 m above sea level. NHN reaching Hochkopf in the south of the catchment area.
Tributaries
Table of the Sandbach tributaries with a catchment area of over 4 km², the branching Sandbach flood canal and the Sandbach itself. With name, river code number (GKZ), mouth side, stationing of the inflow point (calculated from the mouth of the Sandbach itself upwards), length and catchment area ( EZG) according to the data on the official waterway map. Places and heights according to the official topographic map. Evidence for this overview is in the main article.
Map with all coordinates of the overview: OSM
| Surname | GKZ | page |
Stat. m |
Length km |
EZG km² |
Estuary place |
m above sea level NHN |
Origin place |
m above sea level NHN |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wiedenbach | 235728-12 | right | 24,723 | 3.2 | 6.2 | ⊙ near Bühlertal-Sickenwald | 355 | ⊙ forsand | 728 |
| Hirschbach | 235728-14 | right | 22,636 | 3.5 | 6.4 | ⊙ near Bühlertal-Obertal | 260 | ⊙ atSchwanenwasen | 635 |
| Sandbach flood canal | 23579244 | Left | 12,672 | 6.0 | - | ⊙ atVimbuch | 129 | ⊙ east ofSchwarzach | 123 |
| Rittgraben | 235728-18 | right | 11,402 | 3.4 | 9.0 | ⊙ whenwidening | 126 | ⊙ west ofBühl | 130 |
| Steinbach | 235728-2 | right | 10,771 | 9.0 | 15.1 | ⊙ when widening | 127 | ⊙ at Sollsberg | 496 |
| Grünbach | 235728-4 | right | 9,717 | 7.5 | 12.1 | ⊙ atMüllhofen | 125 | ⊙ At the pool | 392 |
| Stockmattengraben | 235728-52 | right | 7,986 | 4.1 | 4.6 | ⊙ in the case ofhalf-fire | 124 | ⊙ forleveling | 206 |
| Sinzheimer Dorfbach | 235728-54 | right | 6,065 | 4.5 | 4.5 | ⊙ near Tiefenau | 122 | ⊙ nearVormberg | 273 |
| Oos Canal | 235728-56 | right | 4,655 | 3.3 | 8.1 | ⊙ whenmapping | 122 | ⊙ inOos | 129 |
| Schinlingraben | 235728-6 | Left | 3.129 | 6.7 | 17.8 | ⊙ in the Hardtwald | 122 | ⊙ in the event of a bodyburst | 123 |
| Sandbach | 235728 | - | - | 29.2 | 120.8 | ⊙ atIffezheim | 116 | ⊙ on theprism cutter head | 855 |
Flood protection
The high sediment load of the Sandbach led to regular flooding due to the low gradient of the river in the Upper Rhine Plain. In 1607, a commission appointed by the Margrave of Baden, Georg Friedrich , issued an arbitration ruling aimed at ending disputes between the neighboring communities. The arbitration ruling regulated the "stream cleaning", in which 250 people from the neighboring communities cleaned the Sandbach in compulsory labor . In the present the Sandbach is cleaned and maintained by a waste water association.
Before 1934, the Sandbach flowed into the Rhine just under four kilometers north of today's confluence at Wintersdorf . The municipality of Winterdorf lost its property in Alsace as a result of the First World War and, since 1922, sought to relocate the Sandbach estuary in order to be able to expand the agriculturally usable area in the district. Iffezheim , which was also affected, initially shied away from the high costs, but agreed to relocate the estuary after a flood in the Sandbach in 1931 flooded large areas. The relocation of the estuary was carried out in 1933 and 1934 as a job creation measure. The Sandbach in the Rhine lowlands was diked.
In the course of the Acher-Rench correction (Areko) from 1936, the Sandbach was straightened from the current crossing under the new B3 to the junction of the Sandbach flood canal . The Sandbach flood canal was also created during the Areko. The canal is dimensioned for an outflow of 35 cubic meters per second and connects the Sandbach with a flood retention basin for 2.2 million cubic meters of water in the Abtsmoor . The flood channel crosses the Sulzbach , crosses under the Laufbach and flows into the Scheidgraben .
In May 1978 and October 1998 floods in the Bühlot caused damage of several million DM in downtown Bühl . The maximum outflows were 46 and 47 cubic meters per second. The drainage capacity of the river bed in downtown Bühler was increased from 18 to 31 cubic meters per second through selective measures. The construction of a flood retention basin in the valley above Bühl was not possible for ecological reasons and because of the development. For this reason, a 1034 meter long flood relief tunnel was built between 2009 and 2013 , which runs from the Altschweier district along the motorway feeder to the northern outskirts of Bühl. With a height of 3.2 meters and a width of 3.5 meters, the tunnel can accommodate over 35 cubic meters per second. A flood basin connects to the tunnel , which leads to the stone ditch. The Steingraben drains over the Engert and Rittgraben into the Sandbach. The inlet to the new Neumatt flood retention basin , which can hold around 437,000 cubic meters of water over an area of 30 hectares, is located between the flood basin and the stone ditch . A total of 18.5 million euros were invested, of which the state of Baden-Württemberg took over 70 percent. Although not yet fully completed, the tunnel was used during the floods in May and June 2013 . The Neumatt flood retention basin was filled to around 30 percent.
Individual evidence
LUBW
Official online waterway map with a suitable section and the layers used here: Course and catchment area of the Sandbach
General introduction without default settings and layers: State Institute for the Environment Baden-Württemberg (LUBW) ( notes )
- ↑ a b c Height according to the contour line image on the background layer topographic map .
- ↑ Length according to the waterway network layer ( AWGN ) .
- ↑ Catchment area summed up from the sub-catchment areas according to the basic catchment area layer (AWGN) .
- ↑ Profile HRB Abtsmoor at LUBW (accessed on September 10, 2019).
- ↑ Mouth conditions and names according to the layer water names of the LUBW's online map server.
Other evidence
- ↑ Heinz Fischer: Geographical Land Survey: The natural spatial units on sheet 169 Rastatt. Federal Institute for Regional Studies, Bad Godesberg 1967. → Online map (PDF; 4.4 MB)
- ^ German Hydrological Yearbook Rhine Region, Part I 2009 State Institute for Environment, Measurements and Nature Conservation Baden-Württemberg, p. 89, accessed on January 22, 2016 (PDF, German, 1.85 MB).
- ↑ Billot, Büllot or Bühlot? . Retrieved January 10, 2015.
- ^ Kurt Hochstuhl: Iffezheim. The story of a village on the Rhine. Regional culture, Ubstadt-Weiher 2006, ISBN 978-3-89735-465-4 , pp. 30, 327 f.
- ↑ G. Hoffmann: Considerations on the subject of “Roman roads in central Baden”. In: Archaeological News from Baden. 1988 (40/41), pp. 39-45, here p. 43 (pdf, 3.2 MB).
- ↑ Hochstuhl, Iffezheim , pp. 37–39.
- ^ Hochstuhl, Iffezheim , p. 39 f, 179.
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^ Josef Riegelsberger: Acher-Rench correction. In: Ministry of the Interior of Baden-Württemberg (Ed.): Water management in Baden-Württemberg. Water supply, sewage disposal, river engineering, dam construction, agricultural hydraulic engineering, administration, organization. Verwaltungs-Verlag, Munich 1969, pp. 146–152, here p. 150;
W. Schweinfurth, H. Klüver: Bühl. Natural space and settlement. In: Landesarchivdirektion Baden-Württemberg (ed.): The district of Rastatt. Thorbecke, Stuttgart 2002, ISBN 3-7995-1364-7 , pp. 381-400, here p. 389. -
↑ Michael Pfeiffer: Flood protection on the Bühlot. In: Stadt Bühl, Stadtgeschichtliches Institut (Ed.): Bühler Yearbook 2014 . Seitenweise, Bühl 2014, ISBN 978-3-943874-10-5 , pp. 93-104;
Michael Pfeiffer: Bühlot flood protection concept - tunnel construction for flood protection. In: WBW Fortbildungsgesellschaft für Gewässerentwicklung mbH (ed.): Safety of flood retention basins. Responsibilities for operation and monitoring, water level and discharge measurement, hydraulic steel construction. (= Exchange of experience in the operation of flood retention basins in Baden-Württemberg , Volume 15), Karlsruhe 2012, pp. 88–95 ( download ).
