Bắc Ninh (Province)

Tỉnh Bắc Ninh
Provincial capital:	Bắc Ninh
Region:	Đồng Bằng Sông Hồng
Surface:	822.7 km²
Residents:	1,114,000 (2013)
Population density :	1,354 inhabitants / km²
Districts:	8 ; 1 provincial town, ; 1 town at the district level, ; 6 rural districts
ISO-3166-2 code :	VN-56
Post Code:	22xxxx
Telephone code:	241
License plate :	99 (expiring: 13)
map

21.083333 106.166667Coordinates: 21 ° 5 ' N , 106 ° 10' E

Administrative map of Bắc Ninh province

Bắc Ninh ( Hán Tự : 北寧, IPA : ɓɐk ₃₅ niɲ ₃₃ ) is a province ( tỉnh ) in northern Vietnam . The name means something like "northern serenity" or "serenity of the north" and comes from the provincial capital Thành phố Bắc Ninh .

Location, demographics and climate

Logo of the province of Bắc Ninh

In the east, the province borders on Vietnam's capital Hanoi , and also on the provinces of Bắc Giang , Hưng Yên , Hải Dương and Vĩnh Phúc . Sông Cà Lồ, Sông Cầu, Sông Thái Bình and Sông Đuống flow through it . Bắc Ninh is the smallest province in Vietnam by area and has one of the highest population densities in the country. Different ethnic groups live in the province, the majority of which are Việt / Kinh . Smaller groups of the Tày , Nùng and Mường also live there . The annual precipitation is between 1,400 and 1,600 mm, the mean temperature 23.3 ° C and the mean relative humidity 79%.

history

Historically, the region in the heart of the Red River Delta is considered one of the cradles of Vietnamese culture.

In the legendary kingdom of Văn Lang ( Hán tự : 文郎) of the Lạc Việt tribe , the Bắc Ninh region was named Vũ Ninh . 257 BC Chr. Struck Thuc Phan (蜀泮, Monarch Name An Duong Vương ) from the strain Âu Việt at Phật Tích the last of the 88 Hung Kings from the HONGBANG dynasty Văn Lang. Thereupon he united Văn Lang with his country Tây Âu and founded the kingdom Âu Lạc .

Battle of Bắc Ninh 1884

Bắc Ninh is the home province of the Lý dynasty (1009–1225), whose first ruler Lý Thái Tổ (974–1028) was educated in the Cổ Pháp Điện pagoda in the Đình Bảng community . In the Lý Song War between Đại Việt and the Chinese Song dynasty , General Lý Thường Kiệt fought off the campaign of the Chinese Emperor Shénzōng under General Quách Quỳ on the river sông Như Nguyệt , a section of the sông Cầu north of Bắc Ninh .

The province is located in the center of the historical area of Kinh Bắc . Under this name, regions of today's provinces Bc Giang and Bắc Ninh were from 1490 province in the kingdom Đại Việt under King Lê Thánh Tông (1442-1497). This epoch is also known as the "golden age" of Vietnam.

In the conflict with the Nguyễn dynasty 1862–1864, Bà Ba Cai Vàng was victorious and took control of Bắc Ninh, Bắc Giang and Hưng Yên. From March 6 to 24, 1884, the city of Bắc Ninh was the site of the Battle of Bắc Ninh . During their Tonkin campaign from 1883 to 1886, the French fought a decisive battle there against Vietnamese forces, the black flag partisans ( pavilions noirs ) of Liu Yongfu ( Lưu Vĩnh Phúc ) and Chinese armies from Guangxi and Yunnan .

In the years 1894 to 1909, the peasant uprising against the French colonial rulers, which began around 1884 in Yên Thế , 50 km north , extended to the area of Bắc Ninh. The insurgents were led by the "Tiger of Yên Thế", Hoàng Hoa Thám (also known as Trương Văn Thám or Đề Thám ). When he was murdered on February 10, 1913 near Yên Thế, the uprising collapsed.

Administrative structure

The province is divided into the provincial town ( thành phố ) Bắc Ninh , the city ( thị xã ) Từ Sơn and the following six rural districts ( huyện ): Gia Bình, Lương Tài, Quế Võ, Thuận Thành, Tiên Du and Yên Phong. From 1962 to 1996, Bắc Ninh and the neighboring province of Bắc Giang were united as Hà Bắc Province. The ISO 3166-2 code for Bắc Ninh is VN-56 . The telephone area code is +84 (0) 241, the postcode 22xxxx and the license plate number 99.

Infrastructure and economy

The more than 20 industrial zones in the province are coordinated by the Bac Ninh Industrial Zones Authority at Ly Thai To No. 10 in TP Bắc Ninh. The Swiss Sika AG has been operating a production facility for concrete admixtures in the Bac Ninh industrial zone of the Vietnam Singapore Industrial Park (VSIP) consortium since 2012 , which was expanded in 2018 for the production of ready- mixed mortar .

Attractions

The woodcut prints called Tranh Đông Hồ , which are hung in the apartments for the Vietnamese New Year festival Tết Nguyên festán, are known as a traditional Vietnamese art form . Similar to the cherry blossom bushes and other decorations, they are intended to ensure happiness in the New Year on this occasion. The New Year's pictures take their Vietnamese name after the village Đông Hồ in the municipality Song Hồ, district Thuận Thành, about 40 kilometers northeast of Hanoi. This is the most famous of the handicraft villages that produce these images, because only here are the prints made from regional, natural materials and these recipes have been passed on as a secret for centuries. Over half a million pictures are produced annually.

Quan họ ensemble at the Lý Bát Đế shrine

The province is the origin of the Quan họ singing, an improvised, originally unaccompanied chant in dialogue form, often between an unmarried man and an unmarried woman. This ritual used to be very important when preparing a wedding. Quan Họ is one of the oldest surviving forms of music in Vietnam and has been on the UNESCO list of masterpieces of the oral and intangible heritage of mankind since 2009 .

The Lý Bát Đế shrine (Vietnamese: Đền Lý Bát Đế , also Đền Đô or Cổ Pháp Điện ) is a Buddhist shrine for the worship of eight emperors of the Lý dynasty . It is located in the municipality of Đình Bảng in the district of Từ Sơn and is located about 20 km northeast of Hanoi. The first ruler of the Lý dynasty, Lý Thái Tổ , was brought up in this pagoda with the then name Cổ Pháp Điện . In the main hall there are statues of Lý Thái Tổ and Lý Thái Tông as the first emperors of this dynasty. In front of the buildings is a lake shaped as a crescent moon. In a pavilion called Thủy Đình, which stands on a small island, Quan Họ ensembles perform and water puppet theater is played. For the temple festival from 12. – 16. On the 2nd day of the second lunar month you can also experience dragon dances, wrestling and cock fights. In the Từ Sơn district, the parish hall in Đình Bảng, built around 1700, and the Chùa Dận pagoda are also worth a visit.

The well-known Chùa Ph Gemeindet Tích pagoda ( Phật Tích t T , 佛跡寺 or Vạn Phúc tự萬福寺) is located in the municipality of Phật Tích in the Tiên Du district on the southern slope of Mount Tích (also Lạn Kha ). There is a Buddha statue from the Lý dynasty there . On the 24th day of the third lunar month, the pagoda festival is celebrated around the Brush Tower Pagoda ( Chùa Bút Tháp ) with the five-story Bảo Nghiêm tower , located on the Đuống River in the municipality of Đình Tổ, Thuận Thành district. Also known are the festival in ỵng Kỵ , a carpenter's village in the municipality of Đồng Quang, district Từ Sơn and the Lim festival H , i Lim , which takes place in Lim , district Tiên Du , from the 13th day of the lunar calendar according to the Kinh Bắc culture is celebrated. On the same day , the annual festival is celebrated in the village of Cô Mễ, Vũ Ninh district, in the Đền Bà Chúa Kho temple , which serves as a place of worship for Bà Chúa Kho. The invocation of this lady of the treasury is said to lead to material wealth.