Adolph Canzler
Adolph Canzler , also Adolf Canzler , (born September 29, 1818 in Bautzen , † March 1, 1903 in Dresden ; full name: Carl Adolph Traugott Canzler ) was a German architect and monument conservator who worked as a building officer in the Kingdom of Saxony with a focus on the then the royal seat of Dresden. He was the last Saxon chief master builder and carried the title of a secret Oberbaurat . The Dresden Albertinum is considered his most important work .
Life
Adolph Canzler was the son of the royal Saxon salt administrator in Bautzen, Adolph Bernhard Christian Canzler, Rittmeister in Lübben (Spreewald) and Torgau (born January 15, 1778 in Dresden; † April 29, 1838 in Bautzen) and his wife Christiane Sophie Wagner, daughter the administrator of the Prussian chamber property Packisch on the Elbe (born April 21, 1787 in Packisch; † November 10, 1853 in Bautzen). He studied architecture in Dresden and was a student of Gottfried Semper . In 1839 he entered the Saxon civil service as an unpaid civil servant and later became an agricultural conductor . From 1857 he was a Dresden city architect and a few years later a country architect. In 1879, Canzler rose to the position of Saxon master builder, the highest building official in the country, and thus succeeded Karl Moritz Haenel . He was the last one to hold this post and is at the end of a long tradition from Wolf Caspar von Klengel to Johann Friedrich Karcher and Matthäus Daniel Pöppelmann to Friedrich August Krubsacius and Christian Friedrich Schuricht .
Canzler was given the title of "Secret Senior Building Officer" on the occasion of his 50th anniversary in 1889. He resigned from civil service three years later. His last place of residence was at Walpurgisstrasse 15 in Dresden's Seevorstadt district . After more than a decade in retirement, Canzler died in Dresden in 1903 and was buried in the Trinity cemetery. His grave has not been preserved.
He was married to Agnes Cäcilie Heinze (born February 24, 1829 in Dresden; † December 14, 1890 there). Her daughter Johanna Helene Canzler (born December 15, 1857 in Dresden; † unknown) married the engineer Richard Ulbricht in 1877 . Her son Conrad Canzler (born November 14, 1853 in Dresden; † January 11, 1928 there) was also an architect and Saxon building officer, he worked as a master builder in Chemnitz and was retired as a secret superintendent and ministerial advisor.
Works
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In Dresden, but also in other parts of Saxony, Canzler often created numerous buildings in cooperation with other architects. They were only partially preserved, as some fell victim to the Allied bombing raids of 1945 or were demolished.
The first larger building that he built was the third Bohemian Railway Station in Dresden. Under the supervision of the then Oberland architect Karl Moritz Haenel , Canzler designed and built between 1861 and 1864 a representative reception building with a 184-meter-long main front in the neo-renaissance style , based on the Italian renaissance style of his former teacher Semper . The station was demolished about 30 years later to make way for today's main station .
Canzler contributed all of the buildings to the Dresden Zoo, which opened on May 9, 1861 . Among other things, he created the heated monkey house, a buffalo house, an owl house, the bear pen and the predator house. The associated outdoor and garden facilities come from Peter Joseph Lenné . All zoo buildings fell victim to the air raids on Dresden in 1945.
In 1861, Canzler also designed the neo-Gothic parentation hall , the chapel and a small apartment for the deathbed master for the Matthäusfriedhof in Friedrichstadt, which had been laid out ten years earlier . On the St. Pauli cemetery in the Leipzig suburb , which was inaugurated in May 1862, a chapel , a mortuary hall and the layout of the gateway were also built according to his plans.
As a master builder he built, among other things, the Catholic Sankt Kunigunde Church in Pirna . The single-aisle, neo-Gothic building made of Posta sandstone was started in 1865 and consecrated four years later. Together with the school and the rectory, both of which also go back to Canzler, it forms a closed ensemble that is a listed building. Outside Dresden, the Bautzen municipal high school , the Annaberg high school and the Königsbrück main church were built according to Canzler's plans .
Canzler's buildings that were not preserved during the Second World War also include the Royal High School, built from 1872 to 1874 on the site of the former wooden courtyard on today's Holzhofgasse in Äußere Neustadt, as well as the Pillnitzer Strasse regional court building in the Pirnaische Vorstadt . The latter was built from 1876 to 1878 and temporarily housed the Dresden Regional Court and the Dresden Higher Regional Court, and a prison on Mathildenstrasse was directly connected to the judicial structure . This prison, later notorious under the nickname "Mathilde", was a branch of the prison on Münchner Platz and was also planned by Canzler.
After Albertstadt was inaugurated in 1877, the cavalry units of the Saxon Army stationed in Dresden also moved . Their old domicile, the Jägerhof in the Inner New Town , was almost completely demolished. Only the west wing remained, the renovation of which Canzler led together with Bernhard Hempel . The Museum of Saxon Folk Art has been housed in the building since 1913 .
In 1878 Canzler appeared alongside the Saxon Engineers and Architects Association and the Dresden Architects Association as one of the editors of the newly published book "The Buildings, Technical and Industrial Plants of Dresden".
After its closure in 1879, the area of the Holzhof at Weißeritzmühlgraben in Löbtau was built according to Canzler's plans.
His most important building is the Albertinum , built from 1884 on the Brühlsche Terrasse in the inner city of Dresden. He also used some of the components from the previous building, the Dresden armory by Caspar Voigt von Wierandt from the Renaissance period. It took three years to build. After its completion in 1887, users temporarily included the Dresden Main State Archive and, until modern times, the sculpture collection , and since 1965 also the Neue Meister gallery . In this building, too, the Semper School is expressed in the form of an external facade that is based on the Italian High Renaissance.
literature
- Frauke Hinneburg: Canzler, Carl Adolph . In: General Artist Lexicon . The visual artists of all times and peoples (AKL). Volume 16, Saur, Munich a. a. 1997, ISBN 3-598-22756-6 , p. 207.
- Frauke Hinneburg: Canzler, Carl Adolph (Karl Adolf). In: General Artist Lexicon . Volume 16, Saur, Munich and Leipzig 1997, p. 207 ( PDF; 284 kB )
- Ursula Pietzsch: The 3rd Bohemian train station and the 1st monkey house in the zoo. About the work of the architect CA Canzler. In: Dresdner Latest News from December 22, 2003 ( PDF; 1.96 MB )
swell
- List of students from Technische Bildungsanstalt (TBA) / Polytechnischer Schule (PS) / Polytechnikum Dresden (PT) for the period (1828-) 1836–1887 -C-
- Ernst Canzler: Finance and Building Councilor Conrad Canzler (PDF; 8 kB)
Web links
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Canzler, Adolph |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Canzler, Carl Adolph Traugott (full name); Canzler, Karl Adolf; Canzler, Adolf |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | German architect and preservationist, Saxon building officer |
| DATE OF BIRTH | September 29, 1818 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Bautzen |
| DATE OF DEATH | March 1, 1903 |
| Place of death | Dresden |