Clan MacDonald
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MacDonald ("son of Donald"; also Clan Donald ) is the name of one of the largest Scottish clans . It comes mainly from the western Highlands and the Hebrides , such as Skye , Uist and other islands in the Inner Hebrides .
history
The progenitor of the clan was Donald, a grandson of King Somerled of the Islands, who established a power base with his inheritance, Islay and the Kintyre peninsula . His son Angus mor reluctantly submitted to the Scottish crown in 1263; In 1354 John MacDonald von Islay even assumed the title Dominus Insularum / Lord of the Isles ("Lord of the Isles") and thus directly provoked the Scottish court. At that time, the MacDonalds were already the most powerful clan in Scotland and controlled large parts of the western coast or the offshore islands. Donald, the 2nd Lord of the Isles, allied himself with the King of England and claimed the title of Earl of Ross , a claim he wanted to enforce at the Battle of Harlaw in 1411 . The unclear outcome of the battle made him a vassal of the crown. In 1493, James IV dissolved the title of Lord of the Isles, which is now nominally linked to that of Prince of Wales .
The clan's name is omnipresent in Highlands history - from the Glencoe massacre , when British troops tried to wipe out an entire family as a punitive action, to Flora MacDonald , who helped the fugitive Bonnie Prince Charlie escape his pursuers. The clan's motto is Per mare per terras (“By sea and by land”).
Macdonald of Clanranald line
Ranald, the younger son of the first Lord of the Isles , formed his own branch, the Clan Macdonald of Clanranald . The clan is known for its internal disputes, which mostly concerned the internal hierarchy. The MacDonalds of Clanranald remained loyal to the Stuarts during the 18th century civil wars , including the 13th Chief killed in 1715 at the Battle of Sheriffmuir ; in addition, Bonnie Prince Charlie began his Jacobite rebellion in Glenfinnan on Clanranald territory, from where he fled again after the uprising was put down. The family motto of the Macdonalds of Clanranald is My hope is constant in thee (“My hope in you is constant”, meaning God).
Nobility title
Members of the MacDonald clan have or had the following nobility titles:
- Lord of the Isles
- Earl of Ross (1424)
- Baron Macdonald (1776)
- Baron Macdonald of Earnscliffe (1891)
- Baron Macdonald of Gwaenysgor (1949)
- Baron Macdonald of Tradeston (Life Peerage 1998)
- Baron Macdonald of River Glaven (Life Peerage 2010)
- Baronet, of Sleat (1625)
- Baronet, of East Sheen (1813)
literature
- Alan Bold: Scottish tartans. Pitkin Pictorials, London 1978, ISBN 0-85372-245-5 , ( Pitkin "Pride of Britain" Books ).
Individual evidence
- ↑ George Way, Romilly Squire: Clans & Tartans. Harper Collins, Glasgow 2000, ISBN 0-00-472501-8 , p. 170.
- ^ Frank Adam: The Clans, Septs & Regiments of the Scottish Highlands. Revised by Sir Thomas Innes of Learney. 8th edition, reprinted. Johnston and Bacon, Edinburgh et al. 1977, ISBN 0-7179-4500-6 , pp. 541-543.
- ↑ Clan Donald - List of Family Names, Branches and Septs ( Memento of the original from August 4, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.