Colonia Dignidad

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Colonia Dignidad (Chile)
Villa Baviera
Villa
Baviera
Colonia Dignidad in Chile
Colonia Dignidad (Central Chile)
Villa Baviera
Villa
Baviera
Colonia Dignidad in central Chile
Villa Baviera , February 2014

The Colonia Dignidad ( Spanish for "Colony Dignity", officially Sociedad Benefactora y Educacional Dignidad / "Charity and Education Community Dignity", since 1988 Villa Baviera / "Village Bavaria") is a fortified settlement area in Chile , which is run by a Christian sect of Germans living abroad is inhabited. It was replaced by, among others, during the Pinochet - dictatorship committed human rights violations known worldwide.

The 30 square kilometers comprehensive Colonia Dignidad was founded in 1961 by the German Paul Schaefer founded. It is located about 400 kilometers south of the capital, Santiago de Chile , in the municipality of Parral in the VII region , 33 kilometers southeast of the city center of Parral and 11 kilometers southeast of the town of Catillo . The settlement is located on the Río Perquelauquén , the border with the municipality of San Fabián in the XVI. Region forms.

history

In 1956, the former founded Protestant youth worker Paul Shepherd and from the Gronauer Baptist church excluded preacher Hugo Baar in Heide in Siegburg the "Private Sociale mission", a boarding school for children of group members. The separation from the Evangelical Free Church of Gronau, in which 35 of 93 married couples joined Paul Schäfer, took place at the turn of the year 1959/1960. Schäfer succeeded in a similar way in Austria: There 30 members of the Graz Pentecostal Church defected to Schäfer's nameless private sect. In doing so, written statements - signed by the confessor - were later used in an extortionate way against the confessor.

Friday, April 29, 1966 - No. 67 Kleine Zeitung 63/19. Year - Page 5 Children of Graz held back in Chile Lured out of the parents by the sect of the former SS officer Schäfer Graz. - Wilhelm and Mina Wagner from Graz are trying to get their three children back from Graz, who lived in the village of "Dignity" in Chile as members of a religious sect. Sensational details had recently become known about what was going on in this village, which was headed by the former SS officer Paul Schäfer in Chile. The case was even brought before the Chilean parliament, as flogging, torture and fornication of all kinds were the order of the day in the village. Several members of the sect are believed to have died from the torture. Wilhelm Wagner had been recruited by the sect in 1958, after which the family, the married couple and their six children, moved to the Siegburg camp in the German Federal Republic. In 1961, as the couple's lawyer announced, the deputy camp manager Hugo Baar succeeded in luring out the then underage twins Edith and Irmgard - now 20 years old - and Wilhelm, who was born in 1949. The children's father has agreed to leave his son behind in the Siegburg camp if he is allowed to leave the camp. Under threat, Wilhelm Wagner was later forced to give consent to four of his children, Emma, ​​Willi and the twins Edith and Irmgard, to be allowed to emigrate to Chile.
Newspaper article from Gerda Hardt-Stremayr regarding Graz children in Chile withheld

Because of investigations by the public prosecutor against Schäfer on the basis of charges for rape of two boys, he fled in 1961 with about 150 members of the group to Chile and founded the Colonia Dignidad. Start-up capital was, among other things, 900,000  marks , which he received from the sale of a nursing home to the Bundeswehr . The pensions of group members also flowed into his account unchecked. Schäfer promised an “ early Christian life in the promised land” and prophesied an allegedly threatened Russian invasion of Germany in order to change the mind of those who were hesitant and fearful. He also abducted minors to Chile whose parents had given their permission for an alleged choir camp . Parents who stayed behind in Germany and Austria tried unsuccessfully to bring their children back home.

According to a young person, Wolfgang Kneese , who fled the colony in 1966, the colony residents had to do slave labor and were closely monitored . In addition to millenarian elements and the reference to the community of property of the early Jerusalem community , Pentecostal views also played a role in the teaching .

In Chile the group built a colony in which they lived strictly isolated from the outside world and only received selected visitors. The settlers were able to live almost self-sufficiently for a long time , as they had built a model estate for which they earned much admiration. The leadership had contacts to the right-wing extremist group Patria y Libertad and thus indirectly supported the coup of the Chilean military on September 11, 1973. Taking advantage of customs rights, firearms and ammunition were illegally smuggled into Chile from Germany by sea , both within the complex and also found use by Patria y Libertad . During the military dictatorship, the colony became a base of operations of Pinochet - Intelligence Directorate de Inteligencia Nacional (DINA). It also served as a base for the “ANDREA” project ( Alianza Nacionalista de Repúblicas Americanas / “Nationalist Alliance of American Republics”). This project was intended for the collaboration of Latin American nationalists, secret service agents and anti-Semites with right-wing extremists. Details about this became known from 1985, among other things, through statements by Hugo Baar after he - as a former co-founder - had fled the Colonia facility in December 1984.

In 1991, the government of Chile revoked the organization's non-profit status, with which it had always benefited from tax exemption , and thus formally dissolved it. In 1996 Paul Schäfer went into hiding because he was wanted by the judiciary. The Colonia was then led by various confidants of Schäfers. All attempts by democratic Chile to get this enclave under control failed until Schäfers was arrested in 2005. The reasons given are the interdependencies and loyalty of the Pinochet supporters, the local police and local authorities, and the vastness of the vast area.

In 1997 two young people from Colonia managed to escape to Germany; German media published their authentic descriptions.

Human rights violations

The settlement, which is estimated to have between 250 and 350 people, has been under surveillance by the UN and Amnesty International since 1976 . Refugee residents reported credible, the colony was during the Pinochet - dictatorship for decades as a torture center have been used by the Chilean secret service. It later emerged that Chileans had been held captive in the Colonia Dignidad and used as slave labor . Medical experiments were carried out on inmates. Children and adolescents were repeatedly sexually abused in the community , boys in particular were physically punished from a sexual point of view and the children were abused with electric shocks and psychotropic drugs.

The Colonia Dignidad carried out a defamation process against Amnesty International from 1977. It became one of the longest civil trials in German legal history. The human rights organization finally won it in 1997 for formal reasons, as the Colonia Dignidad no longer had legal capacity.

Attitude of German authorities and government circles

The German government originally showed no interest in clearing up what was going on in the colony. However, commissioned by the Foreign Office to review the rumors, Erich Strätling , German ambassador to Chile between 1976 and 1979, reported that the allegations against the Colonia Dignidad were baseless and a blanket defamation of a community of German citizens.

According to Jan Stehle from the Research and Documentation Center Chile-Latin America , the Colonia Dignidad in Germany had a lobby, particularly with the CDU and CSU . The colony leadership maintained contact with both parties. CSU politicians such as B. Wolfgang Vogelsgesang visited the colony. A visit by Franz Josef Strauss to Colonia in 1977 was reported in various media. In 2012 the Hanns Seidel Foundation granted Strauss a short visit; however, she denied it again six years later. Until the mid-1990s, a signed portrait of Strauss was hung in a prominent place. The Bavarian state government and the Hanns Seidel Foundation are said to have confirmed Gerhard Mertins ' "excellent impression" of the settlement.

The Königswinterer arms dealer and former SS - officer Gerhard Mertins (MEREX AG) founded the "Friends of Colonia Dignidad," which also ZDF - presenter Gerhard Loewenthal was close to. The CDU member of the Bundestag Adolf Herkenrath and others acted permanently against Colonia critics like Norbert Blüm . There was also support from the right-wing conservative environment from the Strauss protégé Lothar Bossle and Ludwig Martin . Secret documents of the Chilean military government at the time show that Bossle and Martin had warned the Chilean government in 1987 that the German media could find out about the events in Colonia Dignidad. The then Vice-Foreign Minister of Chile then proposed a coordination meeting to silently resolve the "Colonia Dignidad" cause.

Minister Norbert Blüm, who was not allowed to enter the Colonia during a visit to Chile in 1987, told the dictator Pinochet "You are a torturer!" For the special session of the Bundestag in 1988 on German policy on Chile he made a very critical contribution and wanted to obtain asylum for 16 doomed Chilean victims of torture. When the CDU / CSU leadership outsmarted him by coming last on the Union's list of speakers and the previous speakers were too late, he was only able to speak because the Green Group gave him five minutes of speaking time. So he was able to present his criticism of the colony, the failure of German authorities and the influential supporters. With an emotional speech, Blüm achieved that Lower Saxony's Prime Minister Ernst Albrecht gave the 16 people asylum.

The journalist Gero Gemballa , who wrote two books on the subject, makes clear an institutionalized network of German, Chilean and international economic and secret service interests, arms-pushing and active complicity in the liquidation of opponents of the Pinochet regime. That is why they tried to make the Colonia inviolable, which is why all attempts to eliminate this criminal organization have failed. He contradicted the thesis that there was only one single responsible perpetrator for the crimes of the Colonia Dignidad, namely Paul Schäfer.

Criminal trials

On November 17, 2004, a Chilean court found Paul Schäfer guilty of the sexual abuse of 27 children. Schäfer was not present at the hearing. 22 other Chilean and German members of Colonia Dignidad were found guilty of covering up child abuse and obstructing justice. They received sentences of up to five years in prison. In addition, compensation payments to the victims and their families were set at 540 million Chilean pesos (691,000 euros).

On March 10, 2005, the shepherd in hiding was exposed and arrested in Argentina . Another indictment was brought against Schäfer in December 2005 after the former head of the Colonia clinic, Gisela Seewald, confessed to having tortured children with electric shocks and subjected them to psychiatric treatment in order to treat their " possession " alleged by Schäfer . In the indictment, Schäfer and Seewald are accused, among other things, of snatching eight children of German origin from their parents and of severely mistreating them. In May 2006 Paul Schäfer was sentenced to 20 years imprisonment for 25 cases of child abuse. Further convictions followed for Paul Schäfer, most recently for murder . He died in April 2010 at the age of 88 in Santiago de Chile prison .

In July 2006, Gerhard Mücke, a former member of the leadership, confessed that 22 opponents of the regime had been murdered and then burned in the Colonia Dignidad after the coup on September 11, 1973. Schäfer's former deputy Gerd Seewald was sentenced to five years in prison in 2013 for involvement in 16 cases of child abuse and died in 2014 at the age of 93 in Cauquenes prison . The former vice boss and hospital director of the Colonia Dignidad Hartmut Hopp had been sentenced to five years in prison in Chile for child sexual abuse, but escaped the Chilean judiciary by fleeing to Germany. The Krefeld public prosecutor's office began investigating him in 2011, but no trial was opened. In 2019, the investigation against Hopp was closed due to a lack of evidence.

At the end of December 2016, Gerhard Mücke, Kurt Schnellenkamp and Karl van den Berg as well as two Chilean secret service employees were sentenced to five years' imprisonment in the last instance. Among other things, they were charged with founding a criminal organization. Four other defendants were acquitted.

Processing and present

On the night of August 28, 2005, the colony was placed under administration by the Chilean judiciary. The lawyer Herman Chadwick took over the administration of their company. However, this measure was repealed shortly afterwards by the Chilean special judge Jorge Zepeda.

Now the group opened up to the public. In April 2006, around 140 residents published a guilty plea. In the public declaration to our fellow citizens in Chile and Germany , which was printed in full in the Chilean press, it says u. a .: “We are to blame for not rising up against the despotic leader; the guilt that people were illegally detained on our property, some of whom are said to have been killed and whose bodies have disappeared. ”In addition, psychotherapists from the German Foreign Ministry were granted access to the area they lived in.

In February 2007, Klaus Schnellenkamp published an autobiographical book with the title Born in the Shadow of Fear . This is considered the only comprehensive first-hand document from an important contemporary witness of this sect. In dozens of television appearances and press interviews, Schnellenkamp once again made the Colonia Dignidad in the international headlines.

Around 80 members of the former Colonia Dignidad still live in the 30 km² area. The dormitories, where men, women and children used to sleep separately, have been converted into apartments where families now live. Young members of the settlement should be allowed to study at Chilean universities. The community's temporary reform committee will consist of 30–40 year old men. Some of the residents moved to Germany and, according to reports in the Süddeutsche Zeitung, some of them move around the Krefeld Free People's Mission .

In 2012, the community building was converted into a hotel. Under the direction of Anna Schnellenkamp, ​​herself one of the earlier victims, the "Hotel Baviera" uses Bavarian folklore to attract customers.

German politics

In April 2016, the German Foreign Ministry announced that it would release files that had previously been kept under lock and key. Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier decreed that the blocking period for the files should be shortened from 30 years to 20 years. Affected and victims welcomed the move. Nevertheless, many demands remain open, such as the establishment of a historians' commission, a memorial on the site for the German and Chilean victims, compensation and the opening of the Federal Intelligence Service (BND) archive , because the BND employee and arms dealer Gerhard Mertins kept close Relationships with shepherds.

In July 2016, Federal President Joachim Gauck regretted Germany's negligence in dealing with Colonia Dignidad. German diplomats looked the other way for years and let the oppressors have their way. He would have wished that German foreign policy had found clear words about the criminal activities in the settlement earlier. German diplomats must learn from the failures that have occurred to always stand “on the side of the victims”.

The Bundestag decided on 29 June 2017 at the joint request of three at that time represented in the Bundestag fractions ( CDU / CSU , SPD and Alliance 90 / The Greens ) without dissent, that the crime of Colonia Dignidad to be processed. A second motion (printed matter 18/11805), in which 92 MPs from the left-wing parliamentary group , Bündnis 90 / Die Grünen and the SPD MP Ulli Nissen , demanded further processing of the crimes in the Colonia Dignidad and help for the victims, did not find a majority .

In their application, the three parliamentary groups recognized the efforts made by the federal government , especially after a Bundestag resolution of May 2002 (printed matter 14/7444) , but wrote: "The aid provided so far has not always been sufficient or needs-based." They demanded the federal government ( Cabinet Merkel III ), "after the commitment to moral co-responsibility, now words follow deeds". Parliament called on the Federal Government to submit a concept for aid to the Bundestag for advice by June 30, 2018 and to examine its financing. Criminal investigations are to be promoted.

In addition, a scientifically supported oral history project is to be carried out and a meeting place and memorial site will be created. This Chilean-German oral history archive is currently being set up at the Free University of Berlin.

In a press release on July 12, 2017, the Federal Foreign Office stated that Germany and Chile would set up a mixed commission for the "Colonia Dignidad". The regional representative for Latin America and the Caribbean, Ambassador Dieter Lamlé , and the Ambassador of the Republic of Chile, Patricio Pradel , signed an agreement on the establishment of a Chilean-German mixed commission . This should be a framework for coming to terms with the injustice committed in the “Colonia Dignidad”, integrating the victims into society and setting up a memorial site.

In mid-2018, the federal government presented a draft for an aid concept that was sharply criticized by members of the Bundestag Renate Künast ( Bündnis 90 / Die Grünen ) and Michael Brand ( CDU ). The aim of the Federal Government is to “provide concrete aid measures for the suffering suffered and still exist today”. The "guidelines for the design of the aid concept, specific services, the group of people in question and the amount of the required funds" is to be drawn up by a joint commission to which Michael Brand (CDU), Volker Ullrich ( CSU ), Matthias Bartke ( SPD ), Karl-Heinz Brunner (SPD), Waldemar Herdt ( AfD ), Konstantin Kuhle ( FDP ), Friedrich Straetmanns ( Die Linke ) and Renate Künast (Bündnis 90 / Die Grünen) were elected.

literature

Psychological and human rights aspects

  • Susanne Bauer : Psychological treatment options for religiously traumatized people using the example of the Colonia Dignidad sect. In: Michael Utsch (Ed.): Pathological Religiosity. Genesis, examples, treatment approaches. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 2011, ISBN 978-3-17-022077-5 , pp. 67-106.
  • Henning Freund: Religion as trauma and coping aid using the example of the totalitarian religious community Colonia Dignidad . In: Michael Utsch (Ed.): Pathological Religiosity. Genesis, examples, treatment approaches. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 2011, ISBN 978-3-17-022077-5 , pp. 106-137.
  • Klaus H. Walter: Colonia Dignidad - the neverending story. In: Yearbook Human Rights 2007 . Suhrkamp, ​​Frankfurt am Main 2006, ISBN 978-3-518-45817-4 , pp. 183-188.
  • Heike Rittel, Jürgen Karwelat (eds.): Let's talk: Women's protocols from Colonia Dignidad , Verlag Schmetterling, Stuttgart 2018. 272 ​​pp. ISBN 3-89657-159-1 .

Journalistic processing

  • Gero Gemballa : Colonia Dignidad. A German camp in Chile . Rowohlt, Reinbek near Hamburg 1988, ISBN 3-499-12415-7 .
  • Gero Gemballa: Colonia Dignidad. A reporter on the trail of a German scandal . Campus, Frankfurt am Main / New York, NY 1998, ISBN 3-593-35922-7 .
  • Friedrich Paul Heller : Colonia Dignidad. From the psycho sect to the torture camp . Butterfly, Stuttgart 1993, ISBN 3-926369-99-X .
  • Friedrich Paul Heller: Lederhosen, bun and poison gas. The background of the Colonia Dignidad . Butterfly, Stuttgart 2006 (4th, expanded and updated edition 2011), ISBN 978-3-89657-096-3 .
  • Dieter Maier: Colonia Dignidad. On the trail of a German crime in Chile. Butterfly, Stuttgart 2016, ISBN 3-89657-098-6 .
  • Horst Rückert: The blind work. From Colonia Dignidad to Villa Baviera. A1 Verlag, Munich 2014, ISBN 978-3-940666-56-7 .

Biographical reports

  • Efrain Vedder / Ingo Lenz: Away from life. 36 years imprisonment in the German sect Colonia Dignidad . Ullstein, Berlin 2005, ISBN 3-550-07613-4 .
  • Klaus Schnellenkamp: Born in the shadow of fear. I survived the Colonia Dignidad . Herbig, Munich 2007, ISBN 978-3-7766-2505-9 .
  • Ulla Fröhling : Our stolen life. The true story of love and hope in a cruel sect. Bastei Lübbe, Cologne 2012, ISBN 978-3-404-61660-2 .

Other works

Audiovisual media

Radio contributions

Documentaries

Fictional works

Web links

Commons : Villa Baviera  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ The former Colonia Dignidad in Chile - From torture center to holiday paradise. In: Deutschlandfunk. Accessed April 7, 2020 (German).
  2. ↑ Susanne Bauer : Psychological treatment options for religiously traumatized people using the example of the Colonia Dignidad sect ; Henning Freund: Religion as trauma and coping aid using the example of the totalitarian religious community Colonia Dignidad. both In: Michael Utsch (Ed.): Pathologische Religiosität. Genesis, examples, treatment approaches. Kohlhammer Verlag 2011, pp. 67-101 and pp. 106-137.
  3. ↑ a b c d e f Facade only . In: Der Spiegel , November 9, 1987.
  4. ↑ Ulla Fröhling : Our stolen life. The true story of love and hope in a cruel sect. Bastei Lübbe, Cologne 2012, ISBN 978-3-404-61660-2 , chap. 13.
  5. ↑ a b The time : Colonia Dignidad: Where the terror began
  6. ↑ Amnesty International: Colonia Dignidad: An End to the Neverending Story? ( Memento of November 10, 1997 in the Internet Archive )
  7. ↑ Dietmar Pieper and Helene Zuber: The pistol was always at hand. In: Der Spiegel 33/1997
  8. ^ Claudio R. Salinas and Hans Stange: Los amigos del "Dr." Schäfer: la complicidad entre el estado chileno y Colonia Dignidad. Debate, Santiago / Chile 2006, ISBN 978-956-8410-06-3 , p. 230.
  9. ↑ Small question in the German Bundestag on Colonia Dignidad (1997)
  10. ↑ a b Thomas Stillbauer: Frankfurters once uncovered a scandal in Chile. In: FAZ. February 19, 2016, accessed May 5, 2018 .
  11. ↑ Dirk Kurbjuweit: Schaler victory. In: time online. November 21, 1997. Retrieved May 5, 2018 .
  12. ^ German sect "Colonia Dignidad" in Chile: Why Germany does nothing . In: Süddeutsche Zeitung , January 29, 2013.
  13. ^ Adriana Valadés and Humberto Garza Elizondo: Las relaciones políticas y culturales entre Alemania y América Latina ( Memento of September 21, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 198 kB). In: Foro internacional. 1992, pp. 455-466, ISSN: 0185-013X .
  14. ↑ Bernd Pickert: On the trail of the murderer . In: the daily newspaper , February 6, 2001.
  15. ↑ The champagne doctor and the Colonia Dignidad . In: Frankfurter Rundschau , September 3, 2011: "The Colonia Dignidad already has connections to the FRG: Bavaria's Prime Minister Franz Josef Strauss (CSU) has visited the Colonia Dignidad ..."
  16. ↑ A life in the Colonia Dignidad: "Without help from above we would not have made it . " In: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung , September 21, 2012: "The traces of many opponents of the regime are lost behind the gates of the colony."
  17. ↑ Official announcement of the Hanns Seidel Foundation on Strauss's visit to Chile in 1977 via the website www.fjs.de, pictured on April 2, 2012 ( memento of April 2, 2012 in the Internet Archive ): “It actually happened on the occasion of his stay in Chile from 17th to 23rd November 1977 for a short visit to the settlement run by Germans abroad, but no further contacts developed from it "
  18. ^ Hanns Seidel Foundation: Stays abroad / trips by Franz Josef Strauss. Chile 1977. Hanns Seidel Foundation, 2018, accessed June 25, 2018 .
  19. ↑ Lars Langenau and Carsten Volkery: Colonia Dignidad founder: An uncle from Germany . In: Spiegel Online , March 11, 2005.
  20. ^ Bradley Graham: Rumors, Allegations Swirl Around Secretive Settlement in Chile . In: Los Angeles Times , January 10, 1988.
  21. ↑ Colonia Dignidad: What did Pinochet's friends on the Rhine know? In: Südwest Presse , October 29, 2012.
  22. ↑ Mirror report on the death of Norbert Blüms
  23. ^ Wolfgang Kaes: Norbert Blüm and Colonia Dignidad. In: General-Anzeiger Bonn. Interview from March 10, 2016 ( general-anzeiger-bonn.de ).
  24. ↑ Jürgen Schübelin: Review of Gero Gemballa: Colonia Dignidad (1998).
  25. ↑ German held over 'Chile torture' . In: BBC News , December 27, 2005.
  26. ↑ a b epd -Meldung: "Colonia Dignidad" Paul Shepherd: Protests at funeral In: stuttgarter-nachrichten.de of 26 April of 2010.
  27. ^ German sect leader died in Chile. Report on t-online.de from July 15, 2014 (accessed on July 16, 2014).
  28. ↑ n-tv.de , AFP : Delivery of the Colonia Dignidad spokesman demands: Chile hunted German sect member In: ntv.de of July 8, 2013.
  29. ↑ spiegel.de September 19, 2011: Colonia Dignidad: Chile demands extradition from German sect doctor
  30. ↑ First hearing of champagne Doctor H. . In: Westdeutsche Zeitung , February 14, 2012.
  31. ↑ Tagesspiegel.de, July 26, 2013: New extradition request for fugitive sect doctor .
  32. ↑ Tagesschau.de, May 7, 2019: Doctor of the "Colonia Dignidad" remains unpunished
  33. ^ "Colonia Dignidad": Three German leaders condemned. Deutsche Welle, December 31, 2016, accessed on the same day.
  34. ↑ Henning Freund, “Colonia Dignidad”, the opening process of a “closed society”, in: Materialdienst der EZW, 5/2008, pp. 180–185, here: p. 181.
  35. ↑ BT-Drs. 18/9261
  36. ↑ Süddeutsche Zeitung of September 1, 2011.
  37. ↑ Claus Hecking: Relaxing in the torture camp. In: Die Zeit 25/2014, June 12, 2014, edited June 28, 2014.
  38. ↑ a b FAZ.net / Matthias Rüb July 12, 2016: The torture cellar behind the seven mountains
  39. ↑ Tagesschau.de: Inland / Steinmeier releases "Colonia Dignidad files" ; accessed on April 27, 2016.
  40. ↑ Bernd Pickert: Colonia Dignidad sect settlement in Chile: The torture camp of Pinochet . In: the daily newspaper . ( taz.de [accessed on April 30, 2016]).
  41. ↑ spiegel.de July 13, 2016
  42. ^ German Bundestag, online services: Crimes of the Colonia Dignidad in Chile are to be processed, June 29, 2017 , Bundestag printed matter 18/12943 (PDF).
  43. ↑ Bundestag printed paper 18/12943 (PDF).
  44. ^ Project "Colonia Dignidad. A Chilean-German Oral History Archive "from the Free University of Berlin .
  45. ↑ a b Draft of the federal government for an aid concept for the victims of the Colonia Dignidad ( BT-Drs. 19/3233 )
  46. ↑ Colonia Dignidad victims - anger about the federal government's aid concept . In: Deutschlandfunk . ( deutschlandfunk.de [accessed on July 6, 2018]).
  47. ↑ spiegel.de July 2, 2018: Germany does not want to pay anything to victims
  48. ↑ German Federal: Plenarprotokoll 19/46 (pdf) ; P. 7 (PDF).
  49. ↑ "Women's Protocols from Colonia Dignidad" Shocking insights into a sadistic sect , deutschlandfunkkultur.de April 21, 2018, accessed April 22, 2018

Coordinates: 36 ° 23 ′  S , 71 ° 35 ′  W