Bellin village church

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Church from the southwest
Church from the northeast
Church from the southeast

The Protestant village church Bellin is a late Romanesque-early Gothic stone church in the Bellin district of Krakow am See in the Rostock district in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania . It belongs to the parish of Lohmen in the Rostock provost of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Northern Germany (Northern Church).

history

Bellin with its field divisions was first mentioned in a document in 1229. On June 1, 1299, Nicolaus and Heinrich, as princes of Rostock, with the consent of their brothers Johann and Pribislaw, awarded the goods in the desert of the village of Rosin to the Michaelstein monastery in the Halberstadt diocese and set their boundaries. Soon afterwards those of Bellin appeared as vassals from Werle and before 1300 were already sitting on Bellin and the other estates and villages in the area, such as Reimershagen , Jellen , Suckwitz, Kirch Kogel , Gross- and Klein Breesen. From 1228 to 1234 Johannes de Bellin was mentioned several times in the entourage of the Princes of Werle. Johannes von Bellin, from 1326 to 1386 on Bellin, was an advocate in 1335, a knight and bailiff of Güstrow in 1337 and, from 1347, Princely Councilor of Werle with his own seal . His son Behrend was married from 1339 to 1376 on Bellin and with Ermgard von Weltzien on Sammit . In 1449 Gerd von Linstow , who married the daughter of Bernd von Bellin, took over the Bellin estate with the estate. His descendants kept it until 1662. In 1614, preacher Johannes Copobus received 30 guilders from Nikolaus Schröder, the chef as a tax officer in the Dobbertin monastery. After 1662 the Bellin property passed into the hands of the new noble family von Sala, who owned it until the end of the 18th century. In 1753, the debts of Hans Christian von Sala as patron of the Belliner Church were even listed. In 1782 the Counts of Hardenberg took over the property, in 1803 the von Osten-Sacken family followed and in 1839 the von Hessenstein family were in Bellin. Ten years later Friedrich August Peters was the owner and from 1851 to 1862 Wilhelm von Meding had the estate in Bellin. From 1862 to 1876 August von Zülow and his siblings stayed at Bellin, after which it went to Otto Karl Friedrich Hermann Koch for three years until it came to Friedrich Gotthard Eduard von Pentz in 1880 . Rittmeister Gerhard Freiherr von Marschall had sat on Bellin since 1900 .

From 1951 Bellin was administered by Lüdershagen and in 1998 it was merged with Kirch Rosin . In 1998 the union with Kirch Kogel took place , from 2005 managed by Lohmen and in 2006 with Lohmen belonging to the parish of Lohmen. Bellin has been part of the Rostock provost and the Güstrow parish since 2012.

Building history

From 1228 on, Johannes von Bellin was mentioned several times in the entourage of the Princes von Werle . He is also believed to be the builder of the Bellin village church. The first construction phase of this stone church began in late Romanesque - early Gothic architecture in the middle of the 13th century , as evidenced by the three-window group with half-column templates on the nave. These details on the dendrochronological dating of the start of construction of the Bellin nave can be seen in other village churches in the Güstrow area. Between 1696 and 1698, the Belliner parish asked the city of Güstrow to borrow money for construction work on the church. On January 22nd, 1772, a contract was signed between the Güstrower castle and town clockmaker NC Voss and Pastor Kunkel for the repair of the church clock. Extensive changes were made to the interior of the church after 1854, based on designs by the master builder Studemund.

After 1980 the medieval wall paintings were extensively restored. From 1999 to 2000 the tower with the bell system was renovated. The old rectory in Bellin was renovated by the Haus der Stille association founded in 2000. The parish uses one room as a winter church.

Building description

Exterior

The field stone church has a structure characteristic of late Romanesque hall churches in the special sequence of individual components with the retracted round apse , the square choir, the wide square nave, and the compact west tower of the same width with a later upper floor made of brick and with a mansard roof . The stepped west portal of the tower and the window above in the field stone masonry have pointed arches made of brick. The upper floor of the tower, which is now covered by a hipped mansard roof and built in the middle of the 15th century, is made entirely of brick, and its openings have late Gothic basket arches . The choir and nave are decorated with an eaves frieze that was added later and renewed in 1855. On both sides of the nave there are pointed arched groups of three windows. In the semicircular apse a walled up arched window can be seen. The three eastern windows of the apse were subsequently enlarged in an ogival shape. A southern sacristy is built in the south . The vestibule of the north portal, adorned with a brick gable , probably dates from the first half of the 15th century. The choir was probably extended to the north in the 17th century for the mansion gallery.

Interior

All components inside are vaulted differently, the ship with a rising six-part rib vault . In the tower a heavily busted ribbed vault with pear sticks , in the choir a domical vault with ribbon ribs, in the apse a flat half-dome with three superimposed ribbon ribs and in the sacristy a domed vault with painted ribs.

The gallery parapet on the north side comes from the Weitendorf chapel .

Wall and vault paintings

Last Judgment
Protective mantle Madonna and Saint Nicholas

In 1898 frescoes from the 14th and 15th centuries were uncovered in the church and then restored by the Wismar painter Krause. In the wall and vault paintings, Adam and Eve can be seen in the apse as figures of the first human couple and four times the ram's head as the coat of arms of the old noble family von Bellin . On the vaults in the choir you can see late Gothic tendril paintings and on the east side the engagement of St. Catherine of Alexandria in the presence of St. Anne with angels playing music. In the belt of the separating arch between the apse and the choir, the coat of arms of Bellin can be seen.

Of particular interest is the depiction of the Last Judgment on the eastern cap of the ship's vault. According to the usual scheme, it shows the judge of the world enthroned on a rainbow, surrounded by angels and interceding saints. The resurrection of the dead takes place at his feet, who, according to the judgment, go to the realms of the blessed on the north side or to hell on the south side. The area of ​​hell is reproduced with a lot of imagination. In the cock-headed creature that leans out of a window in the tower of hell and blows a horn, one believes to recognize a Slavic deity degraded from Christianity.

On the northern triumphal arch pillar the fresco of the Madonna and St. Nicholas, on the southern triumphal arch pillar Saint Christopher and a small repetition of the Last Judgment can be seen. On the northern wall of the ship, fragments of St. Michael were exposed as a balance of souls. Two little devils are trying to get the soul weighed in one bowl by trying to pull down the opposing bowl with all their might.

Altar, pulpit

Remains from the winged altar

The altarpiece with late Gothic, carved figures of Saint Mary and the apostles, which was expanded years ago, is from the 15th century and is now in front of the west gallery in the tower hall. In the reredos the New Testament oil painting with the Gethsemane scene and in the predella a painting with the Last Supper, probably 18th century. In the apse there is now a brick altar with a simple cross and a view of two consecration crosses . The pulpit on the south side in the nave is a stand-alone basket without any decoration.

Baptismal font

Sarcophagus Gerd Carl von Sala
Organ loft

The octagonal sandstone baptism in the choir from the end of the 16th century is one of the seldom found medieval baptismal fonts with heraldic decorations, inscriptions and New Testament reliefs on the basin. The coats of arms are from those of Linstow , Behr, and Below . In the baptismal font is a brass basin that, according to the inscription, was donated by Hedwig Margaretha von Sala, née von Buchwaldt in 1690. In the upper part of the container are reliefs of the baptism of Christ and Christ with the children. The von Linstow family was the founder of the sandstone baptism.

Stone sarcophagus

Under the west gallery is a stone sarcophagus of Count Gerd Carl von Sala from 1770 with inscriptions on the lid and on the front. Colored relief coats of arms of the von Brocken , von Lewetzow and von Bülow families decorate this imposing stone coffin by Gerd Carl von Sala on Bellin, Zehna and Steinbeck heir, born on January 6th, 1714, married to Maria Ida von Bülow the Pokrent house, died December 10th, 1770. Children still living at that time were: Mr. Hans Christian Countess of the Empire of Sala and Ida Margareta Countess of the Empire of Sala.

organ

The organ with seven registers on a manual and pedal was built by the organ builder Carl Börger in 1899 . The neo-Gothic three-part prospectus with a game table on the left is located on the west gallery. After 1945 the pipework was lost due to destruction. Then three registers were repaired. The next restoration with a slightly different disposition took place in 1999 by the organ builder Andreas Arnold from Mecklenburg Orgelbau from Plau am See. A new pipework, new manubria and register plates were made. The housing was extended to the rear and the pedal coupler that Börger had still prepared was activated.

Grave slabs

In the middle of the choir an old grave slab from 1713 was set into the floor. It commemorates the married couple buried here, the high-born Chamber President Hans Christian von Sala, heir to Bellin and Zehna, and the high-born wife Hedwig Margareta, born von Buchwaldten from the house of Zierhagen, Haselburg and Mühlenkampf in Holstein in 1713, the 6th September. Another large grave slab from 1563 is on the wall behind the stone sarcophagus . This grave slab with a relief depiction of the crucified, at whose feet several kneeling figures can be seen, commemorates Anna von Bülow from the Wedendorf house, wife of Hans von Linstow, who died on February 28, 1563.

Bells

Two bells once hung in the tower with a picture of a Prussian eagle and the information about BERLIN 1822 and 1823. They are said to have been cast from the three cannons of Count von Osten-Sacken , which initially stood on the so-called Kanonenberg. In the belfry hang three cast steel bells of 1928. Two were reportedly donated by the parish Bellin, the third and largest donated the Hamburg businessman Henry Sloman , who was since 1910 owner of the goods. An older bell, cast in 1723 by Michael Begun in Friedland under the patronage of Hans Christian von Sala auf Bellin und Zehna and his wife Idas Margaretha, is said to have been sold.

Pastors

Names and years indicate the verifiable mention as pastor.

  • 1352– 0000Pleban Bodo.
  • 1541–1549 Johann Babe, a pious Christian preacher, well learned, lived honestly.
  • 1549–1557 Johann Besenthal, a young man who passed the exam.
  • 1603–1618 Johannes Capobus.
  • 1618–1625 Georg Parkentin (Barkenthien).
  • 1626–1636 Gregor (Gregorius) Karnatz from Güstrow.
  • 1637–1639 Johann Northausen (Nordhausen) from Thuringia.
  • 1647–1675 Johann Scherer from Dennstedt in Thuringia.
  • 1675–1680 Johann Schütze from Rostock, then in Kuppentin .
  • 1682–1692 Viktor Pfeiffer from Kiel .
  • 1692–1733 Johann Friedrich Warnecke from Stralsund .
  • 1738–1768 Paul-Ernst Schaumkell.
  • 1768–1781 August Carl Kunkel from Teterow .
  • 1783–1807 Wilhelm Conrad Studemund from Lübz.
  • 1807–1822 Hans Bernhard Detlov Walter from Neukloster .
  • 1822–1874 Heinrich Joachim Friedrich Staude from Malchin .
  • 1874–1887 Johannes Friedrich Ludwig Staak.
  • 1887–1915 Ferdinand Casper Theodor Klitzing.
  • 1917–1938 Karl Schaeffer, came from India, his father was a missionary there .
  • 1938–1951 Dr. theol. Horst Schattkowsky.
  • 1946–1954 Siegfried Müller.
  • 2015– 0000Jonas Görlich in Lohmen.

Parish

The parish of Bellin with its church includes the districts Altenhagen, Badendiek with church , Bölkow, Braunsberg, Ganschow, Garden, Gerdshagen, Groß Breesen, Groß Upahl with church , Hägerfelde, Hohen Tutow, Karcheez with church, church Kogel with church , Kirch Rosin with Church , Klein Breesen, Klein Upahl, Klueß, Koitendorf, Lähnwitz, Lohmen with church , Marienhof, Mühlengeez, Mühl Rosin, Neuhof, Nienhagen, Oldenstorf, Prüzen, Riemershagen, Rothbeck, Rum Kogel, Schönwolde, Steinbeck, Suckwitz and Zehne with church .

literature

  • Friedrich von Meyenn: The extinction of the von Bellin family. In: MJB 57 (1892) pp. 12-15.
  • Friedrich Schlie : The art and history monuments of the Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin. IV. Volume: The district court districts of Schwaan, Bützow, Sternberg, Güstrow, Krakow, Goldberg, Parchim, Lübz and Plau. Schwerin 1901, reprint 1993, ISBN 3-910179-08-8 , pp. 320-326.
  • Community newsletter of the Bellin parish, Schwerin: Evangelical Press Association Mecklenburg. 1932-1933.
  • Gottfried Holtz: On vault paintings in Bellin and Groß-Gievitz: An attempt at an interpretation. In: Scientific journal of the Wilhelm Pieck University Rostock. Vol. 17, 1968, 7/8, pp. 673-676.
  • Horst Ende : Village churches in Mecklenburg. Berlin 1975, pp. 45, 71, 72, 108, 134.
  • Heinrich Leopold Nickel: Bellin, district of Güstrow, district of Schwerin: Late Romanesque hall church. In: Medieval wall paintings in the German Democratic Republic. 1979, p. 238.
  • Heinz Metzner: On the history of the altar block in the apse of the church in Bellin (Kr. Güstrow) . In: Notices from the Institute for Monument Preservation, Schwerin Office to the honorary officers for monument preservation in the Rostock, Schwerin, and Neubrandenburg districts. 1988, 32, pp. 717-720.
  • Wolf Lüdeke von Weltzien: Families from Mecklenburg and Western Pomerania. Volume 2, Nagold 1991, pp. 55-61.
  • Monika Schaugstat: Adam & Eve, the Fall of Man and Christmas: What do the first parents of the human race have to do with Christmas Eve? In: SVZ , Mecklenburg-Magazin, 1993, 26, pp. 3-4.
  • ZEBI e. V., START e. V .: Village and town churches in the Güstrow parish. Bremen, Rostock, 1997, ISBN 3-86108-443-0 , p. 28.
  • Barbara Seuffert: From the goal of faith: From the bliss of souls; the frescoes in the church of Bellin near Güstrow. In: Mecklenburgische Kirchenzeitung. Vol. 53, 1998, p. 5.
  • Christoph Stier: The Belliner Christopherus: a consideration. In: Belliner Bote. Vol. 5, 2006.
  • Paul Leesch: A lively village in a quiet region: 777 years of Bellin: forbidding castle, inviting church. In: North German latest news. Vol. 54, 2006, 138, p. 12.
  • Dörte Blum: Bellin, village church. In: Churches in Mecklenburg. 2013, pp. 28–29.
  • Georg Dehio : Handbook of the German art monuments, Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania. Munich, Berlin 2016, ISBN 3-422-03081-6 , pp. 61–62.
  • Tilo Schöfbeck: Medieval churches between Trave and Peene. Berlin 2014, ISBN 978-3-86732-131-0 , pp. 98, 115, 131, 170, 214, 362.

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Printed sources

Unprinted sources

  • State Main Archive Schwerin (LHAS)
    • LHAS 3.2-3 / 1 Provincial Monastery / Monastery Office Dobbertin. No. 3306 Bellin Church.
    • LHAS 5.12-7 / 1 Mecklenburg-Schwerin Ministry for Education, Art, Spiritual and Medical Matters. No. 8436 Bellin Church, burial chapel and sinking of coffins, 1855.
  • State Church Archives Schwerin (LKAS)
    • LKAS, OKR Schwerin, architectural drawings and plans of church buildings. No. 002 Floor plan at a new height, cross-section through the tower, 1854. No. 003 Choir parapet, 1854. No. 004 Preacher's chair, pulpit, 1854. No. 005 Master builder Studemund, 1854. No. 006 Altar sheet, 1854. No. 012 Church heating , 1895. No. 014c Illumination of the church, 1935.

Web links

Commons : Bellin village church  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. MUB I. (1863) No. 369, 411.
  2. ^ Friedrich Lisch: Documents on the history of the possessions of the Michaelstein monastery. MJB 12 (1848), pp. 309-312.
  3. MUB I. (1863) No. 359, 369, 411.
  4. LHAS 3.2-3 / 1 Landeskloster / Klosteramt Dobbertin. No. 3306.
  5. ^ Friedrich Schlie: The church village Bellin. 1901, p. 321.
  6. LKAS, OKR Schwerin, Parish Archives Bellin, No. 016/11.
  7. ^ Friedrich Schlie: The church village Bellin. 1901, p. 321.
  8. MUB I. (1863) No. 359, 369, 411.
  9. Tilo Schöfbeck: dendro from churches between Travelodge and Peene. 2014, p. 362.
  10. Tilo Schöfbeck: Medieval churches between Travelodge and Peene. 2014, p. 131.
  11. No exact source is given in Dehio 2016.
  12. LKAS, OKR Schwerin, Bellin, buildings and inventory.
  13. ^ LKAS, OKR Schwerin, Parish Archives Bellin, No. 016/13.
  14. LKAS, OKR Schwerin, Bellin, architectural drawings and plans, No. 001–006.
  15. ^ Horst Ende: Village churches in Mecklenburg. 1975, p. 134.
  16. Georg Dehio: Bellin, district Güstrow. 2016, pp. 61–62.
  17. ^ Horst Ende: Village churches in Mecklenburg. 1975, p. 134.
  18. Georg Dehio: Bellin, district Güstrow. 2016, p. 61-62.
  19. ^ Friedrich Schlie: The church village Bellin. 1901, pp. 322-323.
  20. ^ Horst Ende: Village churches in Mecklenburg. 1971, p. 134.
  21. ^ Friedrich Schlie: The church village Bellin. 1901, pp. 323-324.
  22. Georg Dehio: Bellin, district Güstrow. 2016, p. 62.
  23. ^ Horst Ende: Village churches in Mecklenburg. 1975, p. 134.
  24. Georg Dehio: Bellin, district Güstrow. 2016, p. 62.
  25. Georg Dehio: Bellin, district Güstrow. 2016, p. 62.
  26. ZEBI e. V., START e. V .: Village and town churches in the Güstrow parish. 1997, p. 28
  27. ^ Friedrich Schlie: The church village Bellin. 1901, pp. 325-326.
  28. Organ inventory of the Mecklenburg Organ Museum in Malchow.
  29. ^ Friedrich Schlie: The church village Bellin. 1901, p. 325.
  30. ^ Friedrich Schlie: The church village Bellin. 1901, p. 325.
  31. Gustav Willgeroth : The Mecklenburg-Schwerin Parishes since the Thirty Years' War. Wismar 1925.
  32. ^ Friedrich Schlie: The church village Bellin. 1901, pp. 320-326.
  33. ^ Friedrich Lisch: The Reformation of the Dobbertin Monastery. MJB 22 (1857) p. 118.
  34. LHAS 3.2-3 / 1 Landeskloster / Klosteramt Dobbertin. No. 3306 Bellin Church.

Coordinates: 53 ° 42 ′ 41.3 "  N , 12 ° 12 ′ 4.3"  E