Sharp fleabane

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Sharp fleabane
Hot Fleabane (Erigeron acris)

Hot Fleabane ( Erigeron acris )

Systematics
Order : Astern-like (Asterales)
Family : Daisy family (Asteraceae)
Subfamily : Asteroideae
Tribe : Astereae
Genre : Fleabane Herbs ( Erigeron )
Type : Sharp fleabane
Scientific name
Erigeron acris
L.

The hot fleabane or real fleabane ( Erigeron acris ) is a species of plant within the sunflower family (Asteraceae). It occurs in North America , Eurasia and North Africa .

description

This species is morphologically very variable and the many subspecies differ particularly in the hairiness ( indument , trichome ) of their plant parts.

Appearance and leaf

Illustration from: Carl Axel Magnus Lindman (1856–1928) Pictures ur Nordens Flora
Habit and total inflorescence with cup-shaped inflorescences
Support sheet
Section of a whole inflorescence with cup-shaped inflorescences with flowers and fruits
Inflorescences from above
Fruiting shoot

The hot fleabane is a hibernating green, biennial to perennial herbaceous plant that usually reaches heights of 5 to 70, rarely up to 100 cm. A tap root or a woody rhizome is formed as a persistence organ. One to a few upright, rarely ascending stems are formed on each specimen , which are branched in the upper area and can often be purple in color. Depending on the subspecies, the stems can be hairy, more or less rough to stiff, or sometimes bald and sometimes have short-stalked hairy glands under the flower head.

Depending on the subspecies, the alternate leaves can be relatively thin and sparse to more or less dense, hairy, hairy, hairy or bald to bald. The leaf margins may be ciliated striegelborstig or shaggy depending on the subspecies whole or cut away and. The lower leaves have a length of 1.5 to 13 cm and a width of 0.3 to 1.8 cm obscure-lanceolate or oblong leaf blades that narrow into a long petiole and a blunt to pointed upper end and three indistinct Has leaf veins ; they may or may no longer be present during the flowering period. The middle and upper leaves are sessile and their leaf blades are 0.3 to 8.5 cm long and 0.1 to 1 cm wide and lanceolate to elongated with an almost stem-encompassing base and a blunt to pointed or curved upper end.

Inflorescence, flower and fruit

The flowering time in China and Central Europe extends from June to September. In the panicle-shaped or sometimes umbrella-shaped overall inflorescence , the side branches are sometimes even less branched. The side branches carry 5 to 25 (sometimes more) small, cup-shaped partial inflorescences. The flower heads are 6 to 13 mm long and 10 to 25 mm in diameter. In the involucre the numerous bracts are in three rows. The green to purple bracts are lanceolate to linear-lanceolate with a pointed upper end and a dry-skinned edge. The underside of the bracts can, depending on the subspecies, be more or less densely shaggy or sparsely curled-bristled, sometimes more or less densely covered with short-stalked glandular hair. The outer bracts are half as long as the inner ones. The inner bracts are shorter than the disc flowers with a length of 5 to 7.5 mm and a width of 0.5 to 1 mm.

The flower heads contain a four- or five-row wreath of ray-florets (also called ray florets) and tubular florets (also called disc florets). The two outer rows of ray-florets have a 5 to 7 mm long crown, the 2.5 to 3.5 mm long corolla tube is sparsely haired and the approximately 0.25 mm wide tongue is rarely white, mostly pink to purple. In the inner two rows of female ray florets (called "filamentous flowers" here) the crown usually consists only of the 2.5 to 3.5 mm long, colorless corolla tube and the style protrudes from the corolla tube by 1 to 2.2 mm, sometimes it is a rudimentary tongue present. In tubular flowers , the 3.6 to 5.4 mm long, sparsely hairy corolla consists of a 1.5 to 2.9 mm long, always yellow corolla tube, a cylindrical to cylindrical funnel-shaped throat and five 0.4 to 0.5 mm long, lanceolate corolla lobes, which are also yellow or sometimes more or less purple to dark purple.

The straw-colored achenes are 1.6 to 2.5 mm long, oblong to oblong-lanceolate, more or less flattened, more or less hairy with curly hair and has two nerves. The pappus has one or two rows of pappus bristles, which are 0.2 to 0.5 mm long in the outer row and 4 to 6 mm long in the inner row.

Chromosome number

The chromosome number of the species is 2n = 18.

ecology

The hot fleabane is a semi-rosette plant. The filiform ray florets contain nectar .

The achenes spread over their pappus as an umbrella flyer, especially in damp weather as an adherent. Fruit ripening is from July to August.

Occurrence

The common fleabane occurs circumpolar in North America , Eurasia and North Africa . There are sites in Morocco , Lebanon , Syria , Turkey , Armenia , Azerbaijan, Georgia , Siberia , Russia's Far East, the arctic region of Mongolia , the Baltic republics, Ukraine (including Crimea), in the European part of Russia, Finland , Norway , Sweden , Denmark , the United Kingdom , Belgium , the Netherlands , Germany , Austria , Switzerland , Italy , Poland , the Czech Republic , Slovakia , Hungary , Slovenia , Serbia, Croatia , Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro , Romania , Bulgaria , Albania , Macedonia , Greece , France , Portugal , Spain , the Canadian Northwest Territories and the Yukon Territory , the Canadian provinces of New Brunswick , Newfoundland and Labrador , Ontario , Québec , Alberta , British Columbia , Manitoba and Saskatchewan , northwestern in the US States Michigan , northeastern Minnesota , Idaho , Montana , Oregon , Washington, Wyoming , California and Utah b known.

In the whole of Germany the hot fleabane is common, but not common. It is only potentially endangered in the Alpine region.

The hot fleabane thrives best on calcareous soils . It is found on semi-arid grassland , sandy and stony soils and, more rarely, on alluvial gravel or on clay soils. The subspecies acris is the most widespread clan in Central Europe. She is a mesobromione bandage character. In the Allgäu Alps, the subspecies in the Tyrolean part of the road from Steeg to Lechleiten rises up to 1400 m above sea level.

Systematics

The first publication of Erigeron acris was in 1753 by Carl von Linné in Species Plantarum , there, contrary to the botanical tradition, written in the neuter "acre". Synonyms Erigeron acris L. are: Trimorpha acris (L.) Gray , Erigeron corymbosus Wallr. , Erigeron crispulus Borbás , Erigeron orientalis Boiss. , Erigeron shepardii Post , Erigeron acris var. Racemosus Baumg. The spelling Erigeron acer, which is often read and conforms to classical Latin, is incorrect because the feminine “acris” in classical Latin is also the masculine form in botanical Latin .

There are some subspecies of Erigeron acris L .:

  • Erigeron acris subsp. acris , is widespread in Eurasia.
  • Angular fleabane ( Erigeron acris subsp. Angulosus (Gaudin) Vacc. , Syn .: Erigeron angulosus Gaudin ): Its distribution is limited to the Alps and Carpathians. It is a character species of the Chondrilletum chondrilloidis from the association Epilobion fleischeri.
  • Erigeron acris subsp. botschantzevii Greuter , occurs in the northern Caucasus region.
  • Erigeron acris subsp. brachycephalus (H. Lindb.) Hiitonen , is native to northeast and eastern Europe.
  • Erigeron acris subsp. droebachiensis (OFMüll.) Arcang. (Syn. Erigeron acris subsp. Macrophyllus (Herbich) Good man , Erigeron droebachiensis O. F. garbage. ) Is one of East to Central Europe occurring clan.
  • Erigeron acris subsp. kamtschaticus (DC.) H.Hara (Syn .: Erigeron kamtschaticus DC. ): Is distributed in North Asia and North America.
  • Erigeron acris subsp. mesatlanticus (Maire) Maire , occurs only in Morocco.
  • Erigeron acris subsp. podolicus (better) Nyman : This Eastern European clan reaches its western border in Pannonian Austria.
  • Shiny fleabane ( Erigeron acris subsp. Politus (Fr.) H. Lindb . , Syn .: Erigeron politus Fr. , Erigeron elongatus Ledeb. Non Moench ): Its distribution area extends from Northern Europe, Switzerland and Eastern Europe to China. In Switzerland, the clan thrives in the gravel corridors of the Epilobion fleischeri association.
  • Erigeron acris subsp. pycnotrichus (Vierh.) Grierson , occurs from Eastern Europe and Anatolia to Iran and Afghanistan.
  • Erigeron acris subsp. serotinus (consecration) Greuter (Syn .: Erigeron muralis Lapeyr. ): It occurs in Central and Western Europe.

use

If there was a great need, the leaves were eaten cooked.

Common names

The other common German names for hot fleabane exist or existed : Altmannskraut ( Silesia ), Fleabane (Silesia, Swabia , Alsace ), Beschreikraut ( Schmalkalden ), Dauron ( Austria near Linz ), Dörrkraut (Austria), blau Dürrwurz (Austria) , Flöhkraut ( Bernese Oberland ), Rufkraut and Rustkraut.

swell

  • Yilin Chen, Luc Brouillet: Erigeron. In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (Eds.): Flora of China . Volume 20-21: Asteraceae . Science Press / Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing / St. Louis 2011, ISBN 978-1-935641-07-0 , pp. 646 (English). , PDF file , Erigeron acris online.
  • Oskar Sebald, Siegmund Seybold, Georg Philippi, Arno Wörz (eds.): The fern and flowering plants of Baden-Württemberg . tape 6 : Special part (Spermatophyta, subclass Asteridae): Valerianaceae to Asteraceae . Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1996, ISBN 3-8001-3343-1 .
  • Dietmar Aichele, Marianne Golte-Bechtle: What is blooming there? Wild flowering plants of Central Europe . 54th edition. Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart 1991, ISBN 3-440-05615-5 .
  • Dietmar Aichele, Heinz-Werner Schwegler: The flowering plants of Central Europe . 2nd Edition. tape 4 : Nightshade plants to daisy plants . Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-440-08048-X , p. 320 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Hot Fleabane. In: FloraWeb.de. last accessed on February 24, 2013
  2. ↑ a b c d e f Yilin Chen, Luc Brouillet: Erigeron. In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (Eds.): Flora of China . Volume 20-21: Asteraceae . Science Press / Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing / St. Louis 2011, ISBN 978-1-935641-07-0 , pp. 646 (English). , PDF file , Erigeron acris online.
  3. ↑ a b c d e Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . 8th edition. Stuttgart, Verlag Eugen Ulmer, 2001. Pages 913-914. ISBN 3-8001-3131-5
  4. ↑ a b Ruprecht Düll , Herfried Kutzelnigg : Pocket dictionary of the plants of Germany and neighboring countries. The most common Central European species in portrait . 7th, corrected and enlarged edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2011, ISBN 978-3-494-01424-1 , p. 310-311 .
  5. ↑ a b c Erigeron acris in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved February 24, 2013.
  6. ↑ Erhard Dörr, Wolfgang Lippert : Flora of the Allgäu and its surroundings. Volume 2, IHW, Eching 2004, ISBN 3-930167-61-1 , p. 574.
  7. ↑ John McNeill et al .: International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Melbourne Code). In: Regnum Vegetabile. Volume 154, ARG Gantner, Ruggell 2012, ISBN 978-3-87429-425-6 , Art. 62.1 with Ex. 1, online version.
  8. ↑ Carl von Linné: Species Plantarum . Volume 2, Impensis Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae 1753, p. 863, digitizedhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.biodiversitylibrary.org%2Fopenurl%3Fpid%3Dtitle%3A669%26volume%3D2%26issue%3D%26spage%3D863%26date%3D1753~GB%3D~ IA% 3D ~ MDZ% 3D% 0A ~ SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D
  9. ↑ Erigeron acris at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed February 24, 2013.
  10. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j Werner Greuter: Compositae (pro parte majore). Erigeron acris. In: Werner Greuter , Eckhard von Raab-Straube (ed.): Compositae. Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Berlin 2006–2009, accessed on February 27, 2013.
  11. ^ William Thomas Stearn : Botanical Latin. History, Grammar, Syntax, Terminology and Vocabulary. 3rd revised edition. David & Charles, Newton Abbot / London / North Pomfret VT 1983, ISBN 0-7153-8548-8 , p. 95.
  12. ↑ Eckehart J. Jäger (Ed.): Exkursionsflora von Deutschland. Vascular plants: baseline . Founded by Werner Rothmaler. 20th, revised and expanded edition. Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Heidelberg 2011, ISBN 978-3-8274-1606-3 .
  13. ↑ a b c d Otakar Šída: Taxonomic problems in Erigeron sect. Trimorphia (Compositae) in Eurasia. In: Preslia. Volume 70, No. 3, 1998, pp. 259-269.
  14. ^ Peter Hadland Davis (ed.): Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands. Vol. 5 (Compositae) . Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh 1975, ISBN 0-85224-280-8 , pp. 128 .
  15. ↑ Erigeron acer at Plants For A Future last accessed on February 25, 2013
  16. ^ Georg August Pritzel , Carl Jessen : The German folk names of plants. New contribution to the German linguistic treasure. Philipp Cohen, Hannover 1882, page 143. ( online ).

Web links

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