Erwin Panndorf

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Stumbling stone in memory of Erwin Panndorf at Pfarrstrasse 4 in Gera

Erwin Panndorf (born January 7, 1904 in Gera ; † December 10, 1942 in Sachsenhausen concentration camp ) was a German- Soviet communist , worker athlete , trade unionist and anti-fascist resistance fighter . In Gera he was an active member of the KJVD and the KPD . As a trained locksmith , he went to the Soviet Union in 1930 to work in various companies. From 1937 to 1939 he fought as an interbrigadist in the Spanish Civil War . After completing military training in the Soviet Union, Panndorf jumped parachute over East Prussia on May 17, 1942 to support the resistance against National Socialism in the German Reich as an agent of the Soviet Union and representative of the KPD Central Committee . He was arrested by the Gestapo in July 1942 and killed on December 10, 1942 in Sachsenhausen concentration camp. Panndorf received numerous honors in the GDR . To this day, a four-field sports hall in Gera bears the name “Panndorfhalle”.

Origin, youth and employment

Erwin Panndorf's birth house at Pfarrstrasse 4 in Gera (2014)

Erwin Panndorf was on January 7, 1904 in Gera as one of five children of working-class family born Panndorf. He grew up in the working class suburb of (Gera-) Zwötzen . From 1910 to 1918 Panndorf attended the eight-level elementary school there . From 1918 he completed an apprenticeship as a (machine) fitter at a medium-sized mechanical engineering company, the Sonntag company in Gera. During his apprenticeship he joined the German Metalworkers Association .

After completing his apprenticeship in 1921, Panndorf worked as a fitter in various mechanical engineering companies. In 1924 he began his important work as a machine fitter in the Rudolf Jahr company in Gera. There he got involved in the strong factory cell of the KPD and came into contact with Soviet workers and communists due to the many export orders from the Jahr company to the Soviet Union. As a result of the global economic crisis that broke out in autumn 1929 , which also led to many plant closures and layoffs in Gera , Panndorf became unemployed.

Communist activist in Gera

Due to the proletarian environment in Zwötzen, the Gera labor movement played an important role for Panndorf from an early age. Panndorf was therefore connected to the Gera labor movement from an early stage and shaped by it. As a politically active young person, he already took part in anti-war demonstrations during the First World War and in the food riots that broke out in Gera. On March 15, 1920 Panndorf was involved in the suppression of the Kapp Putsch in Gera.

In 1920 Panndorf joined the Communist Youth Association (KJD, renamed KJVD from 1925) and the Communist Party of Germany (KPD). In the early 1920s, the youth association became his main political field of activity. He was involved in the association's internal educational work, political agitation in rural areas, looking after groups of workers' children (as part of the “ Reichsarbeitsgemeinschaft der Kinderfreunde ”) and in the hiking and sports movement. He was also involved in membership recruitment and in spectacular campaigns by the youth association. Mention should be made of the preparatory measures on the occasion of the annual May 1st . In April 1924 , Panndorf and his comrades hoisted red flags on 20-meter-high electrical high-voltage pylons in the immediate vicinity of the police station and on the night before May 1, 1924, a group of the KJD under his leadership painted over the Kaiser Wilhelm equestrian monument in Gera with a red one Lack, which should represent a protest against militarism and the state authority . According to reports from contemporary witnesses, these actions became known beyond Thuringia.

In September 1922 he went on a journey to southern Germany in order to get in touch with other working-class youth groups. In Munich he was part of an agitation group as an amateur player that supported the party work of the KPD. Several of the group's appearances were banned by the police. At the end of 1922 Panndorf returned to Gera and resumed political work there. He took an active part in the general strike to overthrow the Cuno government and mobilized apprentices from the advanced training school in Gera. After the ban on the KPD and all its affiliated organizations on November 23, 1923, the KJD local group in Zwötzen, headed by Panndorf, continued its work illegally until the ban was lifted on March 1, 1924.

In 1924 Panndorf joined the Red Young Storm and later the Red Front Fighter League (RFB) . As a member he took over the protection of communist events and he participated in demonstrations of the RFB. In addition, Panndorf became active in the workers' sports and hiking movement in the mid-1920s. As a working-class athlete who focused on athletics, handball and gymnastics, he led the way in 1926 as a standard bearer at the sports festival of the Workers' Gymnastics and Sports Association (ATSB), which he joined in 1928, in Elsterberg .

Panndorf devoted himself increasingly to party work in the course of time. He appeared more and more as a speaker at meetings of the KPD and the KJVD throughout Thuringia . He also took part regularly in Reich youth meetings of the KJVD, for example in Hamburg in 1927 and in Leipzig in 1930 . In Gera he also became a member of the Unemployment Council. Panndorf had extensive political experience at the end of the 1920s and he was well known in the Gera workers' movement.

As a specialist in the Soviet Union

The further course of life of Panndorf, who had been unemployed since the beginning of 1930, changed significantly in the first half of 1930. The decisive factors were his personal contacts with Soviet workers and the development in the Soviet Union at that time, which, as part of the first five-year plan since 1929, had led to an enormous surge in industrialization aspired to. Qualified specialists such as Panndorf were needed to set up the 1,500 large-scale operations to be built in the Soviet Union. The KPD called for skilled workers , engineers and technicians to be delegated to the Soviet Union .

After discussions with a Soviet inspection engineer in Gera and thanks to the mediation of the Soviet trade agency in Berlin, Panndorf received a two-year contract as a locksmith at the Second State Watch Factory in Moscow . Together with 40 other German specialists, he started work as a mechanic and brigadier in August 1930. An advertising photo in the worldwide Arbeiter-Illustrierte-Zeitung showed him and Walter Vosseler , a German comrade and work colleague from Panndorf in Moscow, working on a lathe . According to Vossler, Panndorf quickly found contact with the Soviet workers in the company and was highly valued for his technical knowledge and social activities. This led to the fact that in January 1931 he was elected by the workers of the company as a deputy to the Soviet of the Moscow district of Krasnaya Presnja, in which the company was located.

In August 1931, Panndorf finally moved to the First State Watch Factory in Moscow , where he worked as a machine fitter and fitter. In the company he got to know Maria Ivanovna, who was then conso wood , whom he eventually married and with whom he had their daughter Ilsa. His further professional career led Panndorf at the beginning of 1935 as a foreman and brigadier of a furnishing department in what was then the largest Moscow machine tool factory "Ordzonikidze". He received awards and perks for his work in the company. On December 31, 1931, he was given the honorary title “Activist of the 3rd year of the five-year plan as the builder of socialism”. In addition to the operational work, Panndorf continued to be politically active. He was elected deputy in the Moscow District Soviet. In the spring of 1934 he worked as an instructor in the Moscow Regional Broadcasting Committee. He also attended the "Communist Evening University of the West" for two years. In 1934 he was accepted into the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU).

As an interbrigadist in Spain

After the outbreak of civil war in Spain on July 17, 1936, Panndorf followed the call for solidarity from the Executive Committee of the Communist International (Comintern) and joined the International Brigades (Interbrigades). First, however, he went through an eight-week military training course in a special school at the Military Academy in Ryazan with about 140 other German volunteers . After this training he was made a lieutenant . In Spain, too, he held the rank of lieutenant. On May 30, 1937, he arrived at the main interbrigadist base in Albacete . He was assigned as commander of an eight-man tank repair platoon in the tank unit of the Interbrigade. In addition to normal repairs, the tank repair train also had to cannibalize failed tanks to get spare parts and to convert captured tanks.

Panndorf experienced the first military confrontation in the Battle of Brunete in July 1937. His mobile repair train was also used in the battle for the highly contested city of Belchite , the Battle of Teruel and on the Aragon Front . Until 1938, Panndorf had been serving at the front for eight months.

When the Interbrigades withdrew to France in October 1938, Panndorf was sent to a demobilization camp, where he remained until January 1939. When the first newly established international battalions went to the front in Barcelona at the end of January 1939 , Panndorf volunteered again. He went to the front with the first troop, where he was integrated into the 1st Battalion of the 11th Brigade as a rifle commander. After the final defeat of the Spanish Republic in the spring of 1939, he left Spain and went to France. Panndorf was imprisoned there until the end of March 1939. Due to his Soviet citizenship , he was spared extradition to Germany and he was able to return to his family in Moscow on April 1, 1939.

Preparation for use as a scout

In the Soviet Union, Panndorf initially resumed his work as a master at "Ordshonikidze". Immediately after Germany's attack on the Soviet Union , he declared himself ready to take up the resistance struggle against National Socialism in Germany. During the war, selected German emigrants had the opportunity to work as parachutists, partisans or members of certain special formations in the rear of the enemy. Only deserved party cadres came into question for these dangerous tasks . Panndorf was one of around 50 German emigrants who were involved in such military structures in the Soviet Union.

In special Comintern courses, the German participants were prepared militarily, politically and in terms of intelligence for their deployment. From August 1941 onwards, military trained Spanish fighters like Panndorf in particular received two-month training in Petrowsk . Here the participants were prepared for their future missions as Red Army scouts . They received military training, which included making explosives and fake passports, as well as photography , encryption and sparks . In addition, the participants were trained in skydiving, armed self-defense and driving.

After the basic training was completed, Panndorf attended the Comintern School in Kuschnarenkowo near Ufa . In the courses there, the participants received political, physical and moral training. They learned how to distribute leaflets and how to write brochures for basic military training. They also dealt with the theoretical foundations of the communist movement, the ideology of National Socialism and current war events.

Almost all of the graduates from these first courses were used as Soviet military scouts. The largest operation took place in May 1942, when several participants - including Panndorf - jumped individually or in groups by parachute over the German Reich territory. Your scouting took place at a time when the German resistance around Harnack / Schulze-Boysen in Berlin was transmitting information about German attack plans and equipment by radio contact to Soviet authorities. In addition, there were important resistance groups around the KPD in Saxony and Thuringia. The German emigrants who were sent should support these groups and develop further networks. Espionage and sabotage in military and armaments objects as well as the investigation of the domestic political situation in the German Reich were tasks of the spies.

Resistance struggle, arrest and murder

Parachute jump

The preparatory course for Panndorf was over in mid-May 1942. On the night of May 16-17, 1942, Panndorf (code name: "Stepanow") and three other participants in the preparatory course - Wilhelm Fellendorf , Willi Börner and Erna Eifler - began working as part of the first group jump. Panndorf and Börner formed an operative group and jumped with a parachute over a forest near Osterode in East Prussia . Their equipment included appropriate funds and identification documents, food for ten days, a revolver and hand grenades . Panndorf returned to his home country for the first time in almost ten years.

However, the parachute jump ended with a tree landing, which resulted in arm and leg injuries. For this reason Panndorf and Börner decided to leave part of the equipment and the heavy radio equipment behind and to bury them. That was a decisive disadvantage for the connection to Moscow. Nonetheless, both of them, whose assigned area of ​​operation was in Saxony and Thuringia, managed to make their way to their temporary destination in Meerane .

From Saxony to Berlin

After a short stay in Meerane, where the establishment of a suitable radio station failed, they sought refuge with Börner's family in Crimmitschau on May 24th . From here Panndorf tried to contact resistance groups in Thuringia around Magnus Poser and Theodor Neubauer through his sister Elly Oertel . That failed because of Panndorf's sister, because she filed a complaint with the Gestapo. A manhunt was then triggered with a reward of 10,000 Reichsmarks. In addition, on May 28, 1942, by decree of the Reich Main Security Office (RSHA), parachutists were specifically searched for. Since Panndorf and Börner no longer felt safe in Crimmitschau, they separated and agreed as a common meeting point in Innsbruck . But there was no longer any contact there, whereupon Panndorf decided on June 5, 1942 to make his way to Berlin to get support from comrades there.

On June 10, he met Rudolf Scheffel in Berlin , whom he knew from working together with the party and youth in Gera. At that time Scheffel was running a dairy shop in Schönow , which served as an illegal meeting place for the friends around Felix and Käthe Tucholla . The Tuchollas helped Panndorf to find accommodation in Berlin, among others with the KPD members Kurt Bietzke and Richard Hinkelmann. Panndorf received confidential information from the Propaganda Ministry and other important materials from Hinkelmann . He received passports, money and ration cards from Bietzke. Panndorf informed the Tuchollas and Scheffel about his duties as representatives of the Central Committee of the KPD and they gave information about the domestic political situation as well as the resistance in Germany and their own resistance group, which was being established.

Arrest and Assassination

Panndorf continued to try to reconnect with Börner. Käthe Tucholla served as a courier and traveled to Meerane. She was arrested by the Gestapo on July 25, 1942. At that time, Börner had already been arrested. The arrest of Käthe Tucholla led to the discovery of her surroundings in Berlin. A wave of arrests by the Gestapo began, during which Panndorf and Felix Tucholla and seven other helpers were arrested on July 27, 1942. As the last member of the group, Rudolf Scheffel was arrested on August 2, 1942. Panndorf was transferred to the Sachsenhausen concentration camp. He made no statements about his intelligence work. Before the trial against him could begin, Panndorf was murdered at the age of 38 on December 10, 1942 in Sachsenhausen concentration camp. Investigations into his death were to be refrained from on the instructions of the Gestapo control center in Berlin.

Honors and commemorations

Evaluation of the scouting operation

The deployment of German communists like Panndorf, who took up the anti-fascist resistance struggle in the interests of the Soviet Union , was assessed very differently in the two German states in the post-war period . Initially, the use was largely concealed until the end of the 1960s. Only then were the actors around Panndorf in the GDR recognized as role models and heroic fighters against fascism and often portrayed standing in the tradition of the GDR. Panndorf was first mentioned in a newspaper article in the Gera newspaper Volkswacht . There it said: “Erwin Panndorf loved life because he believed in the socialist future of our fatherland. He hated the enemies of the German nation, German imperialism and militarism. That is why he was always ready to devote his life to the cause of the German and international labor movement, for the happiness of his people and the peace of the world. ”In 1970 a biographical work by the Gera district leadership of the SED was published again in 1984 in which Panndorf was portrayed just as heroically. Panndorf is also mentioned in other publications on anti-fascist resistance and the history of German-Soviet friendship and is presented as an “excellent example of German-Soviet friendship and the resistance struggle against fascism”.

In West Germany the parachutists and scouts were for a long time devalued as so-called "mercenaries of the NKVD " and "agents of Moscow" or their use was completely concealed. There was no further publication on Panndorf and its use. In an article in Der Spiegel on June 24, 1968, however, he was named as part of "smuggled Soviet spies" who succeeded in driving some members of the Harnack / Schulze-Boysen group "into the maelstrom of Russian espionage".

In the literature after 1990 the parachutists are often referred to as " suicide missions ". Accordingly, they were sacrificed and at the same time jointly responsible for the deaths of other resistance fighters. In addition, they had hardly or not done their tasks and therefore the results of their work were insignificant. In contrast, there are also more recent publications on Panndorf in the circle of the Rosa Luxemburg Foundation , which also bring other findings to light (including the Panndorf Spain Report). The historian Ronald Sassning comes to the conclusion that the Panndorf commando operation was extremely risky, but Panndorf succeeded in building up “the core of a small intelligence service group of communists who also found selfless material support from a few nonpartisan people”.

Remembrance and appreciation in the GDR

Gera, the old Erwin Panndorf sports hall; Date: April 23, 1969

Panndorf's family could not be given the first information about the fate until 1969. At the invitation of Lord Mayor Horst Pohl , his daughter Ilsa Nesterenko visited Gera in 1969 and 1975.

From 1967 onwards, Panndorf received numerous honors. A plaque with the inscription was unveiled on the house where he was born in 1967 : “Erwin Panndorf was born in this house on Jan. 7, 1904. Representative of the Central Committee of the KPD. Organizer and resistance fighter against fascism. Murdered in Sachsenhausen concentration camp on December 10th, 1942. “Panndorf's name is also listed on a plaque of honor for the fallen resistance fighters against fascism in the memorial of the socialists in Berlin-Friedrichsfelde, on the inside right side of the curtain wall. In addition, several institutions in Gera - schools, sports facilities, units of the National People's Army (NVA) and work collectives - received the name Panndorfs. For example the sports and congress hall built on June 2, 1968. He was also honored in the Soviet Union. In the Moscow mechanical engineering company "Ordzhonikidze", a showcase in the factory museum reminded of Panndorf.

Commemoration after 1990

Gera, the new Panndorfhalle at Hofwiesenpark; Date: 2014

With the end of the GDR, numerous renaming of places and facilities took place in Gera, which also affected the memory of Panndorf. The memorial plaque on the house where he was born was removed and is considered lost. Only the Erwin-Panndorf Hall, which was demolished as part of the redesign of the Hofwiesenpark and rebuilt in a new location, still bears the name of Erwin Panndorf today. In the Erwin-Panndorf Hall there is a metal relief with the inscription: “Erwin Panndorf • Worker athlete and anti-fascist resistance fighter born. 1903 in Gera • Murdered in 1942 in Sachsenhausen concentration camp. "

Since 2007, on the initiative of the Die Linke party, regular commemorations for Panndorf have been held. On December 10, 2007, the 65th anniversary of his murder, a memorial event took place in the Erwin-Panndorf Halle. Members of the Panndorf family were present, such as his daughter Ilsa Nesterenko and her husband Prof. Dr. Nesterenko from Minsk . On November 2, 2012, a stumbling block was laid on the sidewalk in front of Panndorf's birthplace.

literature

  • District management Gera of the SED, department agitation / propaganda, commission for research into the history of the local labor movement: Erwin Panndorf - a life for socialism. 2nd, revised edition, Gera 1984.
  • District commission for research into the history of the local labor movement Gera: Erwin Panndorf - a life for the working class. Testimonies and lessons of German-Soviet combat traditions. In: People's Watch. October 27, 1967, p. 4.
  • Commission of the secretariat of the Gera district leadership of the SED to review the history of the district party organization: On the history of the Gera district party organization of the SED. From the beginnings of the labor movement until August 1961. Vol. 1. Gera 1986.
  • District leadership Gera-Stadt of the SED: Fighters of the working class for the protection of socialism. 25 years of combat groups in Gera. Gera 1978.
  • Ronald Sassning: Erwin Panndorf (1904–1942). Gera - Moscow - Spain - Berlin. The way to anti-fascist fronts. Jena 2007.
  • Ronald Sassning: So that the tanks were operational. Spain report by inter-brigadist Erwin Panndorf (1937–1939). Jena 2008.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ District management Gera of the SED, department agitation / propaganda, commission for research into the history of the local labor movement: Erwin Panndorf - a life for socialism. 2nd, revised edition, Gera 1984, pp. 10-12.
  2. ↑ Ronald Sassning: Erwin Panndorf (2007), pp. 2–3.
  3. ↑ District management Gera of the SED, department agitation / propaganda, commission for research into the history of the local labor movement: Erwin Panndorf - a life for socialism. 2nd, revised edition, Gera 1984, p. 19 ff.
  4. ↑ a b Gera district management of the SED, agitation / propaganda department, commission for research into the history of the local labor movement: Erwin Panndorf - a life for socialism. 2nd, revised edition, Gera 1984, p. 11.
  5. ↑ a b c Commission for research into the history of the local labor movement at the Gera district management of the SED and from the Gera Museum of History (ed.): Memorial and memorial sites in the Gera district. Labor movement-anti-fascist resistance struggle-building socialism. Gera 1975, p. 14.
  6. ↑ District management Gera of the SED, department agitation / propaganda, commission for research into the history of the local labor movement: Erwin Panndorf - a life for socialism. 2nd, revised edition, Gera 1984, p. 13.
  7. ↑ a b c d Ronald Sassning: Erwin Panndorf (2007), p. 3.
  8. ^ Goldhammer, Hans / Scheffel, Rudi: In the struggle we are stronger ... History of the Communist Party of Germany in Gera. Outline 1923 to 1933. Vol. 2. Gera 1980, p. 17.
  9. ↑ Bock, Herbert: From shared experience. In: District management Gera of the SED, department agitation / propaganda, commission for research into the history of the local labor movement: Erwin Panndorf - a life for socialism. 2nd, revised edition, Gera 1984, p. 72.
  10. ^ Scheffel, Rudi: Erwin Panndorf - an outstanding communist and internationalist. In: District management Gera of the SED, department agitation / propaganda, commission for research into the history of the local labor movement: Erwin Panndorf - a life for socialism. 2nd, revised edition, Gera 1984, pp. 74-75.
  11. ↑ District management Gera of the SED, department agitation / propaganda, commission for research into the history of the local labor movement: Erwin Panndorf - a life for socialism. 2nd, revised edition, Gera 1984, pp. 14-15.
  12. ↑ District management Gera of the SED, department agitation / propaganda, commission for research into the history of the local labor movement: Erwin Panndorf - a life for socialism. 2nd, revised edition, Gera 1984, pp. 18-19.
  13. ↑ District management Gera of the SED, department agitation / propaganda, commission for research into the history of the local labor movement: Erwin Panndorf - a life for socialism. 2nd, revised edition, Gera 1984, pp. 19-20.
  14. ↑ a b Gerd Kaiser: "On life and death". Silent heroes in the anti-fascist resistance 1923 to 1945. Berlin 2007, p. 320.
  15. ↑ District management Gera of the SED, department agitation / propaganda, commission for research into the history of the local labor movement: Erwin Panndorf - a life for socialism. 2nd, revised edition, Gera 1984, p. 20.
  16. ↑ Ronald Sassning: Erwin Panndorf (2007), p. 4.
  17. ↑ District management Gera of the SED, department agitation / propaganda, commission for research into the history of the local labor movement: Erwin Panndorf - a life for socialism. 2nd, revised edition, Gera 1984, p. 10.
  18. ↑ Ronald Sassning: Erwin Panndorf (2007), pp. 4–5.
  19. ↑ a b c Ronald Sassning: Erwin Panndorf (2007), p. 5.
  20. ^ Walter Vosseler: With Erwin Panndorf in the Soviet Union '. In: District management Gera of the SED, department agitation / propaganda, commission for research into the history of the local labor movement: Erwin Panndorf - a life for socialism. 2nd, revised edition, Gera 1984, pp. 75-76.
  21. ^ District board of the Society for German-Soviet Friendship Gera: Three chapters of a chronicle. The development of German-Soviet friendship and its organization in the Gera district. 1917-1945. Vol. 1. Gera 1972, p. 51.
  22. ↑ District management Gera of the SED, department agitation / propaganda, commission for research into the history of the local labor movement: Erwin Panndorf - a life for socialism. 2nd, revised edition, Gera 1984, p. 57.
  23. ↑ Ronald Sassning (2008), pp. 1–2.
  24. ↑ District management Gera of the SED, department agitation / propaganda, commission for research into the history of the local labor movement: Erwin Panndorf - a life for socialism. 2nd, revised edition, Gera 1984, p. 61.
  25. ↑ Ronald Sassning (2008), pp. 10-12.
  26. ↑ Ronald Sassning (2008), pp. 18-19.
  27. ↑ Ronald Sassning (2008), p. 7.
  28. ↑ District management Gera of the SED, department agitation / propaganda, commission for research into the history of the local labor movement: Erwin Panndorf - a life for socialism. 2nd, revised edition, Gera 1984, p. 64.
  29. ↑ Hans Goldhammer, Rudi Scheffel: In the struggle we are stronger ... History of the Communist Party of Germany in Gera. Outline 1923 to 1933. Vol. 2. Gera 1980, p. 60.
  30. ^ A b Peter Erler: Military command companies. German political emigrants as Soviet parachute agents and partisans 1941 to 1945. In: Zeitschrift des Forschungsverbund SED-Staat , No. 8/2000, pp. 79-101, p. 80.
  31. ^ District board of the Society for German-Soviet Friendship Gera: Three chapters of a chronicle. The development of German-Soviet friendship and its organization in the Gera district. 1917-1945. Vol. 1. Gera 1972, p. 52.
  32. ^ Commission of the Secretariat of the Gera District Management of the SED to review the history of the district party organization: On the history of the Gera district party organization of the SED. From the beginnings of the labor movement until August 1961. Vol. 1. Gera 1986, p. 172.
  33. ↑ a b c d Ronald Sassning: Erwin Panndorf (2007), p. 9.
  34. ↑ Peter Erler: German emigrants at the Comintern School in Puschkino and Kuschnarenkowo (March 1941 - June 1943). In: Journal of the SED State Research Association , No. 10/2001, pp. 37–56.
  35. ↑ District management Gera of the SED, department agitation / propaganda, commission for research into the history of the local labor movement: Erwin Panndorf - a life for socialism. 2nd, revised edition, Gera 1984, pp. 64-65.
  36. ^ Peter Erler: Military command companies. German political emigrants as Soviet parachute agents and partisans 1941 to 1945. In: Zeitschrift des Forschungsverbund SED-Staat, No. 8/2000, pp. 79-101, p. 80.
  37. ↑ District management Gera of the SED, department agitation / propaganda, commission for research into the history of the local labor movement: Erwin Panndorf - a life for socialism. 2nd, revised edition, Gera 1984, p. 65.
  38. ↑ a b Sassning, Ronald: So that the tanks were operational. Spain report by inter-brigadist Erwin Panndorf (1937–1939). Jena 2008, p. 27.
  39. ↑ District management Gera of the SED, department agitation / propaganda, commission for research into the history of the local labor movement: Erwin Panndorf - a life for socialism. 2nd, revised edition, Gera 1984, pp. 65-66.
  40. ↑ a b Ronald Sassning: Erwin Panndorf (2007), pp. 11-13.
  41. ↑ District management Gera of the SED, department agitation / propaganda, commission for research into the history of the local labor movement: Erwin Panndorf - a life for socialism. 2nd, revised edition, Gera 1984, p. 66.
  42. ↑ Ronald Sassning (2007), pp. 14-15.
  43. ^ A b Peter Erler: Military command companies. German political emigrants as Soviet parachute agents and partisans 1941 to 1945. In: Zeitschrift des Forschungsverbund SED-Staat , No. 8/2000, pp. 79-101, p. 79.
  44. ↑ District commission for research into the history of the local labor movement Gera: Erwin Panndorf - a life for the working class. Testimonies and lessons of German-Soviet combat traditions. In: People's Watch. October 27, 1967, p. 4.
  45. ↑ Quoted from: District Board of the Society for German-Soviet Friendship Gera: Three chapters of a chronicle. The development of German-Soviet friendship and its organization in the Gera district. 1917-1945. Vol. 1. Gera 1972, p. 51.
  46. ↑ Heinz Höhne: ptx calls Moscow. The history of the "Red Chapel" spy ring. In: Der SPIEGEL , No. 26/1968, pp. 78–94.
  47. ↑ Ronald Sassning: Erwin Panndorf (2007), p. 15.
  48. ↑ Quoted from Ronald Sassning: Erwin Panndorf (1904–1942). Gera - Moscow - Spain - Berlin. The way to anti-fascist fronts. Jena 2007, pp. 9-10.
  49. ^ A b c Ronald Sassning: Erwin Panndorf (1904–1942). Gera - Moscow - Spain - Berlin. The way to anti-fascist fronts. Jena 2007, p. 2.
  50. ^ District board of the Society for German-Soviet Friendship Gera: Three chapters of a chronicle. The development of German-Soviet friendship and its organization in the Gera district. 1917-1945. Vol. 1. Gera 1972, p. 53.
  51. ↑ District management Gera of the SED, department agitation / propaganda, commission for research into the history of the local labor movement: Erwin Panndorf - a life for socialism. 2nd, revised edition, Gera 1984, p. 68.
  52. ↑ District management Gera of the SED, department agitation / propaganda, commission for research into the history of the local labor movement: Erwin Panndorf - a life for socialism. 2nd, revised edition, Gera 1984, p. 50.
  53. ↑ Ronald Sassning (2008), p. 28.
  54. ^ Initiative group for the district council of Zwötzen: Stumbling block for Erwin Panndorf. (Accessed June 26, 2014).
personal data
SURNAME Panndorf, Erwin
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German-Soviet communist, worker athlete, trade unionist and anti-fascist resistance fighter
DATE OF BIRTH January 7, 1904
PLACE OF BIRTH Gera
DATE OF DEATH December 10, 1942
Place of death Sachsenhausen concentration camp