Eversen (Bergen)

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Eversen
City of Bergen
Coat of arms of Eversen
Coordinates: 52 ° 45 ′ 30 ″  N , 10 ° 2 ′ 58 ″  E
Height : 46  (44-49)  m
Area : 33.28 km²
Residents : 1426
Population density : 43 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation : 1st January 1973
Postal code : 29303
Area code : 05054

Eversen is one for the Lower Saxon town of Bergen owned village in the district of Celle in the Lüneburg Heath . The earliest archaeological finds date from the older Stone Age ; Eversen was first mentioned in a fiefdom register from 1330. The village, located on the edge of the Südheide Nature Park , was an independent municipality until it was incorporated into Bergen in 1973 and has 1426 inhabitants with a size of 3328 ha .

geography

location

Eversen lies on the edge of the Südheide Nature Park about 16 km north of Celle and 10 km southwest of Hermannsburg in the leading from Celle to Hermannsburg state road 240. The village is situated on a during the Vistula-Ice Age resulting Lösssandinsel in the glacial valley of Örtze includes, an area of ​​3,328 ha and is divided into the districts of Eversen, Feuerschützenbostel , Altensalzkoth and Kohlenbach . Feuerschützenbostel is about 2.5 km southwest, Altensalzkoth about 1.5 km southeast and Kohlenbach about 2.5 km southeast of the district of Eversen.

Land use

For the Eversen district, the zoning plan from 1983 states:

Type of use size Type of use size
Fields / gardens 305 hectares Meadows / pastures 490 ha
Forest 2302 ha moor 14 ha
pagan 4 ha Paths / waters / built-up properties 223 ha

Waters

The Örtze in Eversen

The Örtze , the Mühlenbach, which flows from north to south through the old village of Ort and flows into the Örtze, and the Bruchbach , which flows across the Eversen district and serves as a drainage ditch on the one hand, and in recent years on the other, flow through Eversen was used by the Eversen fishing association to raise salmon .

In the old village is the mill pond belonging to the manor I, which was created in 1638. Originally its size was just under 0.75 hectares, but it was increased to 1½ hectares in the second half of the 20th century by including additional areas. Until the beginning of the 20th century it served to operate the estate's own mill and was used for the fishing industry in the 1970s and 1980s .

Other waters include a tributary of the Örtze, the so-called Kolk , several fish ponds in the district of Feuerschützenbostel and in the so-called Schummelsbruch , a piece of forest east of the core town, water areas that were created after a storm in 1972 for long-term storage of logs .

history

This section deals exclusively with the history of the Eversen district. For the history of the villages incorporated in 1929, see the articles Feuerschützenbostel , Altensalzkoth and Kohlenbach .

Prehistoric and early historical evidence

The earliest archaeological finds from Eversen date from the end of the older Stone Age . Finds of tools made of flint as well as remains of fireplaces bear witness to at least a temporary settlement by roaming hunter and gatherer cultures. For the Mesolithic period , numerous finds testify to a strong settlement of the sand dunes east of the Örtze in the area of ​​today's district of Sandberg. In the Neolithic Age and the transition from the appropriative to the productive way of life, the sand dunes unsuitable for agriculture were largely abandoned as settlement areas. Only the so-called Kolk and the Lerchberg were settled during this period. The access to water and the better quality of the arable land compared to the other settlement areas offered the necessary conditions for this. For the Iron Age , ie the time from approx. 800 BC. Chr. To 400 AD, there are no traces of settlement in the local area.

Creation of the village of Eversen

The origin of the rural village cannot be dated exactly, but due to the long stripe fields and the development of the place names, it can be assumed that Eversen was created in the 9th century at the latest. At that time Eversen belonged to the old Saxon town of Loingau . The village was first mentioned in a deed from 1330 under the name "Euersten".

Manors

Main house of the manor I, built in 1792
Former main house of the manor II built in 1686
Main house of the manor III built in 1700

In Eversen there are three manors to which the farms belonged to the manorial, that is, they had to pay various duties and services to the landlord . The owners of the noble farms, the landlords, had to provide riders, armored horses and armed men in case of war.

Gut I, the so-called Sedelhof, also known as the Sattelhof , is located east of Dorfstraße. It is bordered in the north and east by the Mühlengraben, in the west by the Mühlenteich and in the south by the Örtze , so it is completely surrounded by water and only accessible via a wooden bridge. Due to its advantageous location, it must be regarded as one of the oldest farms in Eversen. The farm was first mentioned in a document in 1424. In a loan document from the Duke of Lüneburg, a Carsten von Harling is enfeoffed, among other things, with a court in Eversen. Since the loan was made as if "von old hero had", it can be assumed that Gut I has been in the possession of the von Harling family since the end of the 14th century at the latest . The manor was one of the few in the Principality of Lüneburg that was equipped with a keep , ie a fortified tower. The current development dates from 1792, when the Justice Council Carl August von Harling had a new manor building and stables built in half-timbered construction.

Gut II, the so-called Majorshof, is located at the southern end of the old village , west of the village street. Until the 15th century it was owned by the von Hodenberg family , who had given it to the Tiebermann family as an after loan. In 1495 the von Harling family was enfeoffed with the farm for the first time . However, as before, the farm remained in the possession of the Tiebermann family, who thus became aftervasals of the von Harling family. After the Tiebermann family died out in the 17th century, the farm was not reassigned, but went to Major Anton Johann von Harling. He had the manor house completed in 1686 built. The Majorshof was named after him. In addition to estate II, his son also inherited estate I from his uncle, so that the two goods were reunited in one hand. The manor house was sold in 1971 and is no longer part of the estate today.

Gut III, created in 1573 through the acquisition of the Beckerhof , is located in the middle of the old village , west of the village street. It was originally a taxable farm and only received the status of a state manor house at the beginning of the 17th century . As a result of an inheritance dispute, the so-called older line of the von Harling family sitting on Gut I ceded the farm to the so-called younger line of the von Harling family, which was then accepted into the feudal association with the farm . The two-story half-timbered mansion was built in 1700.

In the course of the land reform there were redemption agreements. From 1830 the fiefdoms passed into the property after paying a transfer fee to the King of Hanover .

The rural village of Eversen

Farm in Eversen
The half-timbered house, built in four-column construction, dates back to 1882. The courtyard was first mentioned in 1381 and is one of the oldest courtyards in Eversen.

For the year 1378, three full farmers who are liable to the Duke of Celle are named in a Celle interest register . Since this register only lists the farms belonging to the duke, it cannot be said whether other farms already existed at this point in time. Shortly thereafter, one of the three courtyards due to the Duke was divided into three Kötner posts . In the Celle revenue register for the year 1381, 5 farms are named for the Duke of Celle, and there was also a farm belonging to Everser Gut II, so that six farms that are obliged to do so can be assumed for this period.

In the beginning of the 15th century, the place was further expanded. The feudal owners of the Everser Rittergüter use their land to create additional farms that are subject to taxes. In a treasury register from 1438, twelve people are already listed. Due to the aforementioned Treasury services can range from three full courts and 9 for this time Kötnerstellen be assumed.

In the 16th and 17th centuries, the expansion of the place continued, which was provisionally concluded in 1692 with the establishment of a Kote liable to Gut I. At that time Eversen consisted of 22 compulsory farms, a community shepherd's house and the three noble estates of the family v. Harling. In addition there were the houses of the small farmers and the heuerlings . However, since these had little land and no grazing rights to the common land , ie to the areas belonging to the general public, the owners were dependent on work on the goods or earned their living as salt drivers of the Sülz saltworks .

In contrast to most other heath villages in the southern Lüneburg Heath , Eversen has been spared from acts of war and looting by arson troops . The surrounding moors provided natural protection for the village. For the farmers, however, the contributions resulting from the Thirty Years' War were serious , which weakened village development for decades and led to the abandonment of numerous farms.

Two waves of plague in 1581 and 1642 resulted in numerous deaths and the extinction of several families.

The 19th century was marked by extensive agricultural reforms . Fundamental for the further reforms were the general division carried out at the beginning of the 19th century, through which the villages were given fixed borders and each piece of land was assigned to a municipality . The extent of the areas allocated to the individual villages was based on the grazing rights used in the past. Since Eversen was predominantly characterized by agriculture, there was a relatively large land allocation of over 3000 hectares. This was followed by the subdivisions of common land in the years 1838 to 1858 . The common land , ie the areas that were previously used jointly, has now been transferred to the individual courtyards as free property, depending on the respective existing rights of use to the common land.

On the basis of the Redemption Ordinance for the Kingdom of Hanover from 1833, the obligations to the manorial authority on the farms were redeemed . The farms assigned according to the so-called Meierrecht were previously obliged to provide numerous services and monetary payments, which have now been canceled in exchange for a sum equal to 25 times the previous annual obligation. The farms then passed into the ownership of the farmers as free property. These reforms led to a boom in agriculture, which can still be seen today in the numerous new courtyard buildings that were built at the time. Another consequence of the replacements was that real estate could now be freely sold. This created the prerequisites for the creation of new mining sites . In the second half of the 19th century , numerous new houses were built on the so-called Sandberg , a part of Eversen east of the Örtze, and the population increased significantly.

At the First World War 99 men from Eversen participated, of which 29 have fallen. The unrest after the end of the war led to the decision of the municipal council in 1919 to form a civil service of 25 to 30 men. One year later this was dissolved again, and two night watchmen were employed for the following 6 months.

Administrative history

Since the 14th century, the lower administrative and judicial instance has been the Amtsvogtey Bergen, which was presided over by a ducal bailiff . Since the 15th century, the administrative office in Sülze , which was responsible for the parish of Sülze to which Eversen belonged, was subordinate to it. The matters exclusively affecting the village of Eversen were discussed and decided by the real community , ie the owners of the farms entitled to the common land . The political reforms of the 19th century brought a fundamental change, as a result of which the political municipality of Eversen was formed. The co-determination of village affairs was no longer dependent on the ownership structure; every male villager over 25 years of age now had the right to vote.

Realgemeinde Eversen

Up until the agrarian reforms of the 19th century and the associated division of the areas that were previously jointly owned, those entitled to these areas were the decision-makers in village affairs. In the 19th century, the Realgemeinde therefore lost a lot of its importance, but was re-established in 1892 as a public corporation . The task was to manage the forests that remained in the possession of the village community. Members were still those who were previously entitled to joint property, ie the owners of the 21 farms and those of the three manors. In 1974 the remaining forest was divided among the members, only a 72-acre property in the Sülze district remained in the possession of the real community.

Eversen since 1929

In the course of a communal territorial reform in 1929, the previously independent villages Altensalzkoth , Feuerschützenbostel and the Kohlenbach farmstead were incorporated .

In 1934, when Albert Buhr took office, he became the first National Socialist mayor . In the election to the German Reichstag in 1932, 30% of the votes were cast in 1933, and 60% of the votes for the NSDAP in 1933.

Eversen was spared acts of war during the Second World War , but a Messerschmitt Bf 109 fell into the garden of an Evers farm during the aerial battles in the Hanover - Braunschweig area . One of the two pilots died in the crash, the second was able to save himself by parachuting . A total of 182 Eversers took part in the war, of which 84 fell.

In the course of the denazification , the previous mayor was replaced and several citizens of Evers were classified as less polluted. In 1945 and 1946 there were so-called reparations logs, through which approx. 120,000 - 150,000 cubic meters of wood were felled in the Eversen district.

The years after the Second World War were marked by the influx of displaced people. In the years that followed, numerous new houses were built on the Sandberg and the number of residents increased significantly. While this increase in most of the surrounding villages resulted in a greatly changed village image, the old village largely retained its character and the townscape is still determined today by old half-timbered houses.

As part of the Lower Saxony district and administrative reform Eversen lost its independence on 1 January 1973 and has since become a village of the city of Bergen .

In 1972 the hurricane Quimburga , which destroyed 10% of the forest area in Lower Saxony , also caused considerable damage in the Eversen district. The fire in the Lüneburg Heath in 1975 destroyed large areas of forest in the Kohlenbach, which belongs to the Eversen district, and in the Everser Mathheide. In 1997 another storm also caused considerable damage, in which large parts of the enclosure , a forest adjacent to Gut I, were blown over.

Gasthaus Niedersachsen, 1988 filming location for the TV series Petticoat

In 1988 a television team was looking for an originally preserved Lower Saxony village with cobblestone streets, old farmhouses and a corner shop . All of this was found in Eversen. Village life in the fifties was to be filmed. Directed by Wigbert Wicker many of the scenes in "Gasthaus Lower Saxony," a still preserved largely in original condition were Niedersachsenhaus rotated. The planned renovation of the local shop, which was also the location for many scenes, was postponed for the duration of the shooting. Well-known actors such as Timothy Peach , Ulrich Pleitgen , Konstantin Graudus , Ferdinand Dux and Doris Kunstmann played. Six episodes were shot, the first broadcast under the title "Petticoat" took place on November 9, 1989 in the first program .

Population development

In 2000 Eversen had 1,426 inhabitants. Since 1821, regular censuses have been carried out, which give a reliable picture of the population development in Eversen. The sudden increase in the number of inhabitants after the Second World War is mainly due to the influx of displaced people.

year Residents Houses year Residents Houses year Residents Houses
1821 352 49 1910 543 90 1961 1055 ---
1848 364 54 1925 581 109 1970 1127 190
1859 387 52 1939 737 116 1980 1339 ---
1900 536 63 1950 1352 151 1994 1411 ---

language

Eversen is in the Low German- speaking area, the local dialect belongs to the North Low Saxon-Low German dialect group. Since the end of the Second World War , however, the High German language has largely prevailed and replaced the Low German. Low German still plays an important role as a colloquial language, especially among the older villagers.

religion

Until the 16th century Eversen belonged to the Lamberti community in Bergen . Since the distance of 9 km made regular church visits difficult or impossible in bad weather due to the sodden paths, a chapel was built in 1475 in the neighboring village of Sülze , which was also looked after by the Bergen pastor. In 1502 the owners of the Everser Gut I founded a foundation through which their own pastor's office was set up. Since then Eversen has belonged to the parish of Sülze . The majority of the population in Evers is Protestant , the community responsible for the village is the Fabian and Sebastian Church in Sülze. In 1993 only 90 residents belonged to the Catholic parish in Bergen, which is responsible for Eversen.

politics

Since its incorporation as part of the Lower Saxony district and administrative reform in 1973 Eversen is a town of Bergen . Eversen is represented by the local council and the local mayor. The local council has, among other things, decision-making powers for the public institutions in the locality, is responsible for promoting the maintenance of the local image and club life and must be heard by the city of Bergen on all matters relating to the locality. It consists of five elected representatives, the Eversen-born members of the Bergen municipal council and the mayor of the city of Bergen.

The local council elects the local mayor , the incumbent is Gerd Friedrich (CDU).

Culture and sights

Fachhallenhaus in Eversen, built in 1877

In the "old village" of the district of Eversen, numerous four-column half- timbered houses from the 19th century have been preserved along the village street , which are now listed . Opposite the “Mühlenteich” is the “Peets-Schmidt-Kote”, a two -column half-timbered house from 1754, one of the oldest surviving farmhouses in the region.

The three manors, with residential buildings from the 17th century (Gut II) and 18th century (Gut I and III), are also under monument protection.

In the district of Eversen there are several natural monuments , including the so-called oak court of the manor I, which is protected as an ensemble, and an oak that is over 400 years old on the edge of the enclosure .

Architectural monuments

See also architectural monuments in Eversen

societies

The "Schützenverein Eversen von 1745 eV" plays an important role in village life in Eversen. V. ”, to which over 470 Eversers belong and which, in addition to numerous internal activities, organizes the Everser Schützenfest once a year. The marching band also belongs to the Eversen shooting club. The Spielmannszug Eversen organizes numerous internal journeys every year and makes a few marches a year.

In 1969 the "Fischerei-Verein Eversen e. V. ”, which today has over 70 members. In addition to managing a 3.5 km long section of the Örtze, the association has leased a gravel pond in Feuerschützenbostel. There are regular fishing events on both waters. The association also looks after the Bruchbach in Eversen. In recent years, attempts have been made in the Örtze to reintroduce the salmon , which has long since died out in local waters .

The "Männergesangverein Eversen von 1888 eV" was founded in 1888 and brought back to life in 2006. The MGV Eversen has around 25 singing brothers.

The theater association "Dorfbühne Eversen", founded in the 1950s, has so far performed a mostly three-act play once a year. The theater association consists of numerous amateur actors who put a lot of effort into their hobby and attract many Eversers, including numerous young people, to the performances in the Gasthaus Niedersachsen.

Since 1962 there has been a group of paramedics who carry out the disaster control, the medical service at events and the blood donation appointments. Together with the Youth Red Cross, the citizens' waste paper is collected and recycled every month.

Economy and Infrastructure

Companies

Walter Otte farm - the last full-time farm in Eversen

Nowadays agriculture has largely lost its former importance, besides some farms in which agriculture is operated as a sideline, only a full-time farm has survived.

Nowadays, the Landhandel Otte on the one hand and the Heinrich Harling sawmill on the other hand represent important economic factors. Other medium-sized companies based in Eversen include the Klaus Otte car workshop, the Thomas Dienelt art blacksmith, the Dieter Rossmann joinery, the half-timbered renovator Reinhard Peisker, the Hairdresser Ulrike Preusse and the village bakery Norbert Herrmann.

In recent years, tourism has also become increasingly important. The Hotel Helms is operated in the Altensalzkoth district, a country cafe in Feuerschützenbostel on the so-called Mielmannshof, and holiday apartments are also rented to tourists on the Feuerschützenbostel manor.

education

Eversen primary school

The first evidence of a school in Eversen comes from the year 1673, when the schoolmaster Friedrich Bussmann is mentioned in a directory. Lessons were held in the teacher's private rooms, who were housed in the village community's shepherd's house. Only in 1820 did Eversen get its own school building, which had to be demolished 67 years later due to its dilapidation. The successor building, completed in 1884, was used as a school building until 1950. When the number of schoolchildren rose sharply, especially due to the influx of displaced persons, a new building became necessary again. This is where the Eversen elementary school is still located today, with four teachers teaching an average of 80 children.

Public facilities

  • After the increasing number of children had made it necessary to enlarge the kindergarten in Sülze, which until then had been responsible for the Evers children together with a children's play area from the DRK in Sandbergsfeld , it was decided in the early 1990s to build a new kindergarten in Eversen . In the center of the village, rooms for around 50 children were created, who are looked after by two teachers and two nannies. The inauguration took place on February 1, 1995.
  • Until the 1960s, the individual farms were responsible for disposing of their waste water. In the course of the road expansion at the beginning of the 1960s, the system began a sewer system that made a central sewage disposal possible. In 1965 the communities of Eversen and Sülze decided to set up a sewage treatment plant , which began operations in 1973. Over the years, the neighboring towns of Diesten, Huxahl, Offen, Altensalzkoth and Hassel have also been integrated into the disposal system.

traffic

Eversen lies on the running from Celle to Hermannsburg state road 240. From 1902 to 1975 the Eversen Station was at the Celle-Soltau railway in regional rail transport operated, connecting the town with Celle and Bergen and from 1910 also Soltau. After the expansion of the Beckedorf – Munster line , there was a railway connection to Hermannsburg and Munster . Buses on the Celle - Faßberg line operated by CeBus GmbH & Co. KG stop several times a day in Eversen and connect the town with the surrounding villages.

Personalities

literature

Web links

Commons : Eversen (Landkreis Celle)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Horst Gädcke: Eversen. An old village in the Celler Land , 1994. P. 7 ISBN 3-930374-02-1
  2. ^ Franz Rathmann: Eversen village book. A house and reading book , 1998. p. 352 ISBN 3-921744-09-1
  3. ↑ a b c Franz Rathmann: Eversen village book. A house and reading book , 1998. P. 359ff. ISBN 3-921744-09-1
  4. ^ Franz Rathmann: Eversen village book. A house and reading book , 1998. P. 14ff ISBN 3-921744-09-1
  5. ↑ Horst Gädcke: Eversen. An old village in the Celler Land , 1994. P. 51 ISBN 3-930374-02-1
  6. ↑ In a loan deed, a Werner bere is enfeoffed, among other things, with a court in yours . The certificate is in the Lüneburg feudal register no.56.
  7. ^ H. Pröve - village and estate in the old duchy of Lüneburg . Göttingen 1929, p. 46
  8. ^ A b Franz Rathmann: Eversen village book , p. 98ff
  9. ^ Sudendorf - document book on the history of the dukes of Braunschweig and Lüneburg and their lands , Volume V. Hanover, 1865
  10. ↑ a b Horst Gädcke: Eversen. An old village in the Celler Land , 1994. P. 132 ISBN 3-930374-02-1
  11. ↑ R. Grieser - The treasure register of the Grossvogtei Celle from 1438 and other sources on the population history of the districts of Celle, Fallingbostel, Soltau and Burgdorf between 1428 and 1442. Hildesheim 1934 p. 21
  12. ↑ Horst Gädcke: Eversen. An old village in the Celler Land , 1994. P. 149 ISBN 3-930374-02-1
  13. ↑ Horst Gädcke: Eversen. An old village in the Celler Land , 1994. p. 197 ISBN 3-930374-02-1
  14. ↑ Horst Gädcke: Eversen. An old village in the Celler Land , 1994. p. 138 ISBN 3-930374-02-1 Gädcke refers in particular to the years of the Lüneburg War of Succession
  15. ↑ Horst Gädcke: Eversen. An old village in the Celler Land , 1994. S. 196 ISBN 3-930374-02-1
  16. ^ Franz Rathmann: Eversen village book. Ein Haus- und Lesebuch , 1998. S. 188ff ISBN 3-921744-09-1
  17. ↑ a b Ulrike Hindersmann - The knightly nobility in the Kingdom of Hanover 1814-1866 ISBN 3-7752-6003-X
  18. ↑ The Meierrecht, according to which the farms were previously assigned, only provided for a very limited power of disposal over the property.
  19. ↑ a b c Eversen ( Memento from May 31, 2007 in the Internet Archive )
  20. ^ A b Franz Rathmann: Eversen village book. Ein Haus- und Lesebuch , 1998. P. 207 ISBN 3-921744-09-1 The numbers refer to Eversen including the districts of Altensalzkoth and Feuerschützenbostel
  21. ^ Resolution of the Evers municipal council of June 15, 1919
  22. ^ Franz Rathmann: Eversen village book. Ein Haus- und Reader , 1998. p. 204 ISBN 3-921744-09-1
  23. ↑ Martin Krieg - The origin and development of the administrative districts in the former Principality of Lüneburg ISBN 3-87898-089-2
  24. ^ Franz Rathmann: Dorfbuch Eversen , p. 288ff ISBN 3-921744-09-1
  25. ^ Franz Rathmann: Eversen village book. Ein Haus- und Lesebuch , 1998. P. 207 ISBN 3-921744-09-1
  26. ^ Franz Rathmann: Eversen village book. Ein Haus- und Lesebuch , 1998. p. 207 ISBN 3-921744-09-1 The solid meter data refer to Eversen including the district Altensalzkoth
  27. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer GmbH, Stuttgart and Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 224 .
  28. ↑ http://www.fernsehserien.de/index.php?serie=2342 Information on the Petticoat series
  29. ^ Franz Rathmann: Eversen village book. Ein Haus- und Lesebuch , 1998. P. 182 ISBN 3-921744-09-1 The numbers refer to Eversen including the districts Altensalzkoth and Feuerschützenbostel.
  30. ↑ Parish of Sülze - Festschrift for the anniversary year 2004
  31. ^ Franz Rathmann: Eversen village book. Ein Haus- und Reader , 1998. P. 182 ISBN 3-921744-09-1
  32. ↑ Information on Lower Saxony's municipal constitution ( Memento from June 9, 2009 on WebCite )
  33. ^ The art monuments of the district of Celle, part 1, p. 127 ff.
  34. ↑ a b c d e Franz Rathmann: Dorfbuch Eversen , p. 411ff ISBN 3-921744-09-1
  35. ^ Website of the Feuerschützenbostel manor
  36. ^ A b Franz Rathmann: Dorfbuch Eversen , p. 249ff ISBN 3-921744-09-1
  37. ^ Franz Rathmann: Eversen village book , p. 380f ISBN 3-921744-09-1
  38. ^ Line network of the district of Celle ( Memento from June 9th, 2009 on WebCite ) Line network of the CeBus Celle
This version was added to the list of articles worth reading on April 1, 2009 .