Great Rossau

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Great Rossau
Hanseatic City of Osterburg (Altmark)
Coordinates: 52 ° 47 ′ 28 "  N , 11 ° 38 ′ 41"  E
Height : 26 m above sea level NHN
Area : 7.27 km²
Incorporation : July 1, 1950
Incorporated into: Rossau
Postal code : 39606
Area code : 039392
Gross Rossau (Saxony-Anhalt)
Great Rossau

Location of Groß Rossau in Saxony-Anhalt
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Groß Rossau is a residential area in the Rossau district of the Hanseatic City of Osterburg (Altmark) in the Stendal district in Saxony-Anhalt .

geography

Groß Rossau, a street village with a church, is about 7 kilometers west of Osterburg (Altmark). The Alte Biese and the Biese flow south of the village , into which the Halmaygraben (Zehrengraben) flows west of the village.

Neighboring towns are Geldberg in the west, Stapel in the north, Schliecksdorf in the east and Klein Rossau in the south.

history

In 1184 a Nycholai rossow was listed as a witness in a document about the Arendsee monastery .

The first mention from 1287 cannot be clearly assigned to Groß Rossau or Klein Rossau. When a certain Bethmann was awarded a customs duty in 1287, it says in Gladigow, in Rossow, Sclikstorpe, in antiqua civitate, ... per aquam Bysen . In the 19th century, some authors discussed whether Gladigau Castle would have been “antiqua civitate” or a town no longer known by name, such as Bambissen.

In 1541 the village was called Groß Rossow in the farewell to the General Church Visitation. Further mentions are 1687 Grossen Rossow and 1804 village Gross Rossau with a wheel maker, a forge and a windmill.

In the course of the Milde-Biese-Aland regulation begun at the beginning of July 1905, the groynes in the river disappeared, the water was led into another bed in places, the course of the river was straightened. The old course can still be seen in today's real estate cadastre. Ernst Wollesen wrote about this in 1910: “... the banks of the piping [were] robbed of their splendid ornamentation in thick bushes; this is most painfully noticeable between the villages of Groß- and Klein Rossau ”.

During the land reform in 1945, the following were determined: a property over 100 hectares had 133 hectares, 36 properties under 100 hectares had a total of 377 hectares, two church properties had a total of 39 hectares, a parish had 0.7 hectares of land. In 1948, 10 full settlers each over 5 hectares and 35 small settlers each under 5 hectares received from the land reform.

Castle near Gross Rossau

South of the village on the way to Klein Rossau an der Biese is a heavily leveled ring wall, an undated castle wall.

The Bretscher pastor August Hofmeister said in 1884 that a castle near Groß Rossau could have been a border castle as early as the time of Otto I. He described a “spot on the Groß Rossau field mark, where a 70-foot-long and wide raised rampart and ditch unmistakably indicate the existence of a castle. On the north side a raised dam, which is still called Kohldamm, reveals the entrance to the castle. An incision in the western corner of the castle wall, followed by a narrow paved path leading through the low meadows to the piping, seems to have been a former emergency or rescue gate. "

In the “Sage of the Emma Cross” handed down by Alfred Pohlmann , it is said that the castle of those of Rossow was located east of Klein Rossau, opposite the church of Groß Rossau.

prehistory

Only Wollesen reported in 1910 that an elevation in which urn fragments had been found on the parish meadows was recognizable. The elevation is already on Stapeler Flur in marshland, probably northwest of the village in the north of the Düpte , a swampy forest area. A meadow plot between the two villages of Groß Rossau and Klein Rossau, near the Alte Biese , bore the name of the "old village" in 1910. Numerous urns were found there.

Origin of the place name

Ernst Haetge thinks that the place name rossowe is of Wendish (Slavic) origin, where ros means heather or res, rozina, rosin means rye. It is believed that the "Old Village" first existed as a Wendish settlement. The German settlement was given the name "Groß" Rossau and the Slavic settlement was given the addition "Klein".

Incorporations

On July 1, 1950, the communities of Groß Rossau (with the Geldberg residential area), Klein Rossau and Schliecksdorf from the Osterburg district merged to form the Rossau community. Groß Rossau was only listed as a residential area of ​​the community of Rossau after 2006 and was never a district. After the incorporation of Rossau into Osterburg (Altmark) on July 1, 2009, Groß Rossau, Geldberg and Klein Rossau remained near Rossau. Rossau became part of the town of Osterburg (Altmark).

Population development

year Residents
1734 140
1775 135
1789 122
1798 145
1801 137
year Residents
1818 163
1840 232
1864 278
1871 288
1885 289
year Residents
1892 [00]264
1895 261
1900 [00]240
1905 235
1910 [00]253
year Residents
1925 299
1939 275
1946 425

Source if not stated:

religion

The Protestant church community Groß Rossau, which formerly belonged to the parish of Great Rossau in Osterburg, is being supervised by the parish area Gladigau in the church district Stendal in Propst Sprengel Stendal Magdeburg of the Evangelical Church in Central Germany .

According to Ernst Machholz, the oldest surviving church registers for Groß Rossau date from 1697. Ernst Haetge stated 1695 as the first year of tradition.

Culture and sights

  • The Protestant village church in Groß Rossau dates from the first half of the 12th century, the substructure is made of field stone. The large bronze bell from 1588, cast by the traveling caster Jochen Jenderich, is well known. The second bell by the Dutch bell founder Gerhard van Wou dates from 1490. Both represent the highest level of bell casting in the Middle Ages. The church is located at the eastern exit of the village. South of the church was the former manor of those von Rossow.
  • The local cemetery is in the churchyard.
  • In Groß Rossau there is a memorial for those who died in the First World War by the church. It consists of granite blocks with an embedded name board, which are crowned by an eagle.

Web links

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e Peter P. Rohrlach: Historical local lexicon for the Altmark (Historical local lexicon for Brandenburg, Part XII) . Berliner Wissenschafts-Verlag, Berlin 2018, ISBN 978-3-8305-2235-5 , pp. 1822-1825 .
  2. ↑ a b Directory of municipalities and parts of municipalities . Area as of 1 April 2013 (= Statistical Office Saxony-Anhalt [Ed.]: Directories / 003 . No. 2013 ). Halle (Saale) May 2013, p. 116 ( destatis.de [PDF; 1.6 MB ; accessed on August 24, 2019]).
  3. ↑ a b c d Saxony-Anhalt viewer of the State Office for Surveying and Geoinformation ( notes )
  4. ^ Adolph Friedrich Riedel : Codex diplomaticus Brandenburgensis : Collection of documents, chronicles and other source documents . Main part 1st volume 22 . Berlin 1862, p. 2 ( digitized version ).
  5. ^ Adolph Friedrich Riedel : Codex diplomaticus Brandenburgensis : Collection of documents, chronicles and other source documents . Main part 1st volume 16 . Berlin 1859, p. 321 , document XVI. ( Digitized version ).
  6. ^ Adolph Friedrich Riedel : XV. Some more views on the location of bamboo. II. (=  General Archive for the History of the Prussian State . Volume 2 ). 1830, p. 342 ( digitized versionhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3D~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A10013504_00348~SZ%3D~ double-sided%3D~LT%3D~PUR%3D ).
  7. ↑ Julius Müller and Adolf Parisius on behalf of the Altmärkisches Geschichts-Verein (eds.): The farewells of the first general church visits held in the Altmark from 1540 to 1542, taking into account those in 1551, 1578-1579 (81 ) and 1600 visitations held . tape 2 , issue 4. Magdeburg and Salzwedel 1929, p. 372 .
  8. ^ Friedrich Wilhelm August Bratring : Statistical-topographical description of the entire Mark Brandenburg . For statisticians, businessmen, especially for camera operators. tape 1 . Berlin 1804, p. 319 ( digitized versionhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3D~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A10000735~SZ%3D00341~ double-sided%3D~LT%3D~PUR%3D ).
  9. ↑ a b c d e Ernst Wollesen: Contributions to the history of the Osterburg district . Ed .: Kreisheimatmuseum Osterburg. Part 4, 1910, p. 180, 195, 201 .
  10. ↑ Barbara Fritsch: Cities - Villages - Cemeteries. Archeology in the Altmark. Volume 2. From the high Middle Ages to modern times . Castle ramparts, stone crosses and large stone graves. Ed .: Hartmut Bock (=  contributions to the cultural history of the Altmark and its peripheral areas . Volume 8 ). dr. ziehten Verlag, Oschersleben 2002, ISBN 978-3-935358-36-1 , p. 507 .
  11. ↑ August Friedrich Gebhardt Hofmeister: Historical discussions on the certificate of Emperor Otto I from the year 956 . In: Annual reports of the Altmark Association for Patriotic History . 18th Annual Report, 1884, p. 37-38 , 6th Gr. Rossau ( altmark-geschichte.de [PDF]).
  12. ^ Alfred Pohlmann : Legends from the cradle of Prussia and the German Empire, the Altmark . Franzen & Große, Stendal 1901, p. 101 , 1. The Emma cross in the Hagen of Crevese .
  13. ↑ a b c Ernst Haetge: The circle Osterburg (=  The art monuments of the Province of Saxony . Band 4 ). Hopfer, Burg near Magdeburg 1938, DNB  361451652 , p. 129-132 .
  14. ^ Corrie Leitz: Introducing the Rossau district. In: osterburg.eu. 2017, accessed June 27, 2020 .
  15. ↑ Federal Statistical Office (Ed.): Municipalities 1994 and their changes since 01.01.1948 in the new federal states . Metzler-Poeschel, Stuttgart 1995, ISBN 3-8246-0321-7 , pp. 344, 345 .
  16. ^ Directory of municipalities and parts of municipalities . Area as of 1 July 2008 (= Statistical Office Saxony-Anhalt [Ed.]: Directories / 003 . No. 2008 ). Halle (Saale) November 2008, p. 139 ( destatis.de [PDF]).
  17. ↑ Landkreis Stendal: Territorial change agreement for the formation of the new municipality of Hanseatic City of Osterburg (Altmark) . In: Official Journal for the district of Stendal . 19th year, no. 2 , January 28, 2009, ZDB -ID 2665593-7 , p. 13–19 ( landkreis-stendal.de [PDF; 512 kB ; accessed on April 18, 2020]).
  18. ^ A b c Wilhelm Zahn : Local history of the Altmark. Edited by Martin Ehlies based on the bequests of the author. 2nd Edition. Verlag Salzwedeler Wochenblatt, Graphische Anstalt, Salzwedel 1928, DNB  578458357 , OCLC 614308966 , p. 185 .
  19. ↑ Parish Almanac or the Protestant clergy and churches of the Province of Saxony in the counties of Wernigerode, Rossla and Stolberg . 19th year, 1903, ZDB -ID 551010-7 , p. 87 ( wiki-de.genealogy.net [accessed June 27, 2020]).
  20. ↑ Gladigau parish area. Retrieved April 11, 2020 .
  21. ↑ Ernst Machholz: The church books of the Protestant churches in the province of Saxony (=  communications from the Central Office for German Personal and Family History . 30th issue). Leipzig 1925, p. 12 ( wiki-de.genealogy.net [accessed June 27, 2020]).
  22. ↑ Thomas Hartwig: All Altmark churches from A to Z . Elbe-Havel-Verlag, Havelberg 2012, ISBN 978-3-9814039-5-4 , p. 162 .
  23. ↑ Online project monuments to the likes. In: Groß Rossau on www.denkmalprojekt.org. November 1, 2012, accessed June 28, 2020 .