St. Maria Magdalena High School (Poznan)
The St. Maria Magdalena grammar school (in Polish: Liceum Ogólnokształcące św. Marii Magdaleny w Poznaniu ; in Prussian times usually called the Mariengymnasium ) is a traditional high school in Poznan . Today it has the status of a general education lyceum (liceum ogólnokształcące) .
history
The Maria Magdalena High School follows the tradition of the Lubrański Academy, founded in the 16th century, and the Poznan Jesuit College . The Jesuit high school founded in 1573 already bore the name ad sanctam Mariam Magdalenam . The Lubrański Academy and the Jesuit College were merged into the Voivodeship School (Wojewódzka Szkoła Wydziałowa) after the Jesuit Order was abolished in 1773 by the Komisja Edukacji Narodowej . With the second Polish partition in 1793, Posen was annexed by Prussia . This founded a royal high school in 1804 . But as early as 1806/07 this dissolved again as a result of the Prussian defeat in the Fourth Coalition War . From 1809 to 1815 it was replaced by a “departmental school” of the Napoleonic satellite state Duchy of Warsaw . After the Congress of Vienna in 1815, which brought Posen back to Prussia, the Royal High School was rebuilt.
The District President Eduard von Flottwell abolished the grammar school in 1834 as part of his Germanization policy in order to replace it with two separate higher schools: The Königliche Friedrich-Wilhelms-Gymnasium , which was mainly attended by German-speaking Protestants and Jews, and the Königliche Marien-Gymnasium , in which the Polish-speaking Catholics remained almost to themselves in the following period. Initially, Polish was the general language of instruction at the Mariengymnasium. Through the instruction of the Prussian Minister of Education, Friedrich Eichhorn , this was limited to the lower and middle grades in 1842, while High German was set as the "main language of instruction" from secondary school (11th grade). Only religious instruction was generally allowed to take place in the respective mother tongue, which meant Polish for almost all students at the Mariengymnasium. The teachers at the Mariengymnasium were initially paid less than those at the Friedrich-Wilhelms-Gymnasium. The Poznan estates protested against this , so that in 1846 equality took place.
The municipal secondary school in Poznan also developed from the Mariengymnasium: from 1849, separate secondary classes were initially set up at the grammar school, and in 1853 the secondary school was spun off into a separate building. In 1858 the Mariengymnasium itself moved to a new building on Bernhardinerplatz (today Plac Bernardyński ). The 1857 launched Poznań Society of Friends of Sciences (Poznań Society of Friends of Learning) consisted largely of graduates of Marie High School. In 1862 a Polish national secret society called Kościuszko was uncovered, and the students involved were brought to justice and punished. At the New Year of 1865 the grammar school had 656 students, whose classes were held in Polish in the three lower levels, partly in German (20 hours per week) and partly in Polish in the upper levels. A special feature of the Mariengymnasium was the offer of optional Lithuanian and Russian lessons.
After Poznan ceded to the newly founded Second Polish Republic as a result of the Treaty of Versailles , the school became a Polish lyceum and was again given the name of St. Mary Magdalene.
Teacher
- Johann Samuel Kaulfuß (1804–1824), Rector (1815–1824)
- Christian Samuel Theodor Bernd (1775-1854), high school professor (1815)
- Julius Maximilian Schottky (1797–1849), (1824)
- Hipolit Cegielski (1813–1868), (1840–1846)
- Marceli Motty (1840-1887)
- Johann Schweminski (1812–1878)
- Robert Hassencamp (1848–1902)
- Fritz Pfuhl (1853–1913), teacher (1878–1913)
- Wojciech Bąk (1939)
student
Royal high school
- Karol Marcinkowski (1800–1846), doctor and reformer
- Gustav von Potworowski (1800–1860), manor owner and politician
- Karol Libelt (1807–1875), publicist, scientist, politician and revolutionary
- Hipolit Cegielski (1813–1868), philologist, entrepreneur, journalist and politician
- Friedrich David Michaelis (1813-1892), English studies and grammar school teacher
- Robert Remak (1815–1865), doctor, embryologist and neurophysiologist
Mariengymnasium
- Władysław Niegolewski (1819–1885), liberal politician
- Antoni Małecki (1821–1913), classical philologist, Slavist and writer
- Stanislaus von Chlapowski (1822–1902), officer, manor owner and politician
- Leon Wegner (1824–1873), lawyer, economist, historian and politician
- Kasimir Kantak (1824–1886), politician
- Julian von Chelmicki (1825–1909), manor owner, doctor and politician
- Johann von Dzialynski (1829–1880), manor owner, publicist and politician
- Kazimierz Jarochowski (1829–1888), lawyer and historian
- Ludwig Zietkiewicz (1831–1897), Catholic clergyman and politician
- Casimir von Chlapowski (1832–1916), manor owner and politician
- Edward Likowski (1836–1915), Archbishop of Gniezno and Poznan and Primate of Poland
- Ludwig von Jazdzewski (1838–1911), Catholic theologian and politician
- Florian von Stablewski (1841–1906), Archbishop of Gniezno and Posen and Primate of Poland
- Prince Adam Czartoryski (1845–1912), landowner and politician
- Józef von Kościelski (1845–1911), politician and writer
- Leopold Loewenherz (1847–1892), physicist
- Stanislaus Wojtowski (1850–1913), architect
- Kazimierz Morawski (1852–1925), classical philologist, historian and translator
- Anton von Chlapowski (1855–1927), manor owner and politician
- Sigismund von Dziembowski-Pomian (1858–1918), lawyer and politician
- Idzizlaw Czartoryski (1859–1909), manor owner and politician
- Hector von Kwilecki (1859–1912), manor owner and politician
- Jan Kasprowicz (1860–1926), writer, translator and university lecturer
- Wojciech Trąmpczyński (1860–1953), national democratic politician, Sejm Marshal and Senate Marshal
- Antoni Laubitz (1861–1939), auxiliary bishop and social activist
- Bernard von Chrzanowski (1861–1944), lawyer and politician
- Joseph Klos (1870–1938), Catholic clergyman, editor and politician
- Cyryl Ratajski (1875–1942), national democratic politician, Mayor of Poznan and Minister of the Interior
- Kasimir Graff (1878–1950), astronomer
- Bronisław Budzyński (1888–1951), businessman and politician
- Antoni Szymański (1894–1973), Polish general and military attaché
- Wiktor Dega (1896–1995), orthopedic surgeon
Liceum św. Marii Magdaleny
- Henryk Zygalski (1908–1978), mathematician and cryptologist
- Witalis Ludwiczak (1910–1988), ice hockey player and coach as well as rowers and university lecturer
- Jerzy Waldorff (1910–1999), author and music critic
- Adam Kozłowiecki (1911–2007), Archbishop of Lusaka
- Stefan Stuligrosz (1920–2012), choir conductor and composer
- Marian Przykucki (1924–2009), Archbishop of Szczecin
Individual evidence
- ^ Program of the Royal Marien-Gymnasium in Poznan for the school year 1872/3. P. 11.
- ^ Program of the Royal Marien-Gymnasium in Poznan for the school year 1872/3. P. 14.
- ↑ Helmut Glück, Konrad Schröder: Learning German in the Polish Countries from the 15th Century to 1918. Harrassowitz Verlag, Wiesbaden 2007, p. XXII.
- ^ Gotthold Rhode: History of the City of Posen. Freimund-Verlag, 1953, p. 111.
- ^ Ferdinande Knabe: Linguistic minorities and national schools in Prussia between 1871 and 1933. Waxmann Verlag, Münster 2000, p. 133.
- ↑ JP Jordan (Ed.): Yearbooks for Slavic Literature, Art and Science. Fourth year, 1846, Slawische Buchhandlung, Leipzig, p. 33.
- ^ Program of the Royal Marien-Gymnasium in Poznan for the school year 1872/3. P. 24.
- ^ Emil Oehlschlaeger: Posen. Brief history and description of the city of Poznan. Louis Merzbach, Posen 1866, p. 132.
- ^ Ferdinande Knabe: Linguistic minorities and national schools in Prussia between 1871 and 1933. Waxmann Verlag, Münster 2000, p. 137.