Heinrich Bessel

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Heinrich Bessel (1603–1671)

Heinrich Bessel (born July 28, 1603 ; † October 22, 1671 in Braunschweig ) was a chancellor of the Principality of Minden and the Harburg part of the Principality of Lüneburg .

Life

origin

Family coat of arms of the noble family of Bessel, who came from the prince-bishopric of Minden

About his grandmother Johanna Bessel geb. von Schaumburg († 1599) had noble ancestors in Bessel . She was an illegitimate daughter of his great-grandfather Johann V. von Holstein-Schaumburg (1512–1560), a son of Count Jobst I and an uncles of the two Minden prince-bishops Hermann and Anton . His grandfather, Engelbert Bessel († 1567) , the prince-bishop minister's chief bailiff and chamberlain to Petershagen , was married to the Schaumburg count's daughter Johanna. The epitaph of the couple Engelbert von Bessel and Johanna von Schaumburg (van Schauenburg) is in the sacristy of the Petrikirche in Petershagen .

Their son or Heinrich Bessel's father, the prince-bishop's secret council and chancellor Johann Bessel (documented 1597–1649), Burgmann zu Petershagen, Drakenburg and Uchte , from 1617 Drost zu Liebenau , received in 1630 from Duke Christian von Braunschweig-Lüneburg , Protestant regent of the Fürstbistums Minden, a nobility recognition , namely the imperial nobility allegedly granted to his ancestor, the imperial Colonel Jobst Bessel, in 1494 . In older literature, Thiderikus de Besle , documented in Hanover in 1243 , and Hermann Bezel , Knappe and Burgmann in Quakenbrück in 1333 , are counted as possible ancestors. The early Bessel only occasionally made use of the predicate “of”, which later became mandatory for most noble families.

Heinrich Bessel's mother Anna was a daughter of the Mindener Privy Council and Chancellor Heinrich Bulle (around 1545–1597), whose father Moritz was councilor of Minden . The multi-part sandstone epitaph for Heinrich Bulle, the grandfather on his mother's side, is in the Church of St. Martini in Minden .

Heinrich Bessel's sister was accepted into the Protestant aristocratic women's monastery in Walsrode in 1624 , which was looted by Tilly's troops in 1626 . His older brother Christian Bessel (1601–1641), Burgmann and Herr zu Drakenburg and Petershagen, was a Swedish and Braunschweig-Lüneburg colonel , commandant of Hameln and in succession to his father Drost von Liebenau , from 1636 married to Leveke von Münchhausen (1616–1675 ), a daughter of the landowner Ludolf von Münchhausen (1570–1640), who was brought up in Fischbeck Abbey from 1627 onwards.

Act

Due to his father's inheritance, Heinrich Bessel was Erbsasse zu Petershagen and Uchte in Westphalia . On the other hand, he had not owned his father's estate at Drakenburg. After studying law, he was a respondent at the University of Marburg . There he was also a lecturer from 1626 . In 1628 he went on a journey. 1631 he became the archiepiscopal Bremen's Councilor to Bremervörde bestallt .

During the Thirty Years' War , from 1633/34, the brother of Duke Christian, the former administrator of the Duchy of Minden, namely Duke Georg von Braunschweig-Lüneburg , held the military contract and de facto sovereignty in the Duchy of Minden as early as 1631 by the Swedish King Gustav Adolf , after he when the Swedish general had conquered the territory from the imperial-catholic troops through military successes. In Minden he had set up his own regional government in Braunschweig-Lüneburg as a ruler under martial law. Heinrich Bessel, who holds a doctorate in law, was Braunschweig-Lüneburg Privy Councilor and Chancellor of Minden in 1635. In April 1636, the Swedes deposed Georg and made Minden a Swedish territory.

In the spring of 1636 a Swedish state government for the Minden territory was formed. Heinrich Bessel chaired Heinrich Bessel as Privy Councilor and Chancellor from around 1644 until the government was dissolved in 1649. Since the position of superintendent had still not been filled since 1632, he sat down with the Swedish governor Gustaf Otto Stenbock since 1645, together with his government councilors, to ensure that the position of state superintendent be filled again, whereupon Stenbock in the spring of 1646 his field and Court preacher Julius Schmidt, who had been recommended to him by Bessel, entrusted the job.

From 1648 Heinrich Bessel was councilor of the new prince of Minden, the great elector of Brandenburg , as well as provost of the monastery of St. Blasii in Braunschweig (1649–1671). He was also a councilor in the service of the House of Oldenburg , as had previously been his father-in-law Erich Hedemann and his grandfather Heinrich Bulle. In 1650 Bessel was appointed ducal Brunswick-Lüneburg chancellor of the Harburg part of the principality of Lüneburg . He moved into the Chancellor's House in Harburg, which was the highest-ranking building in Harburg after the Harburg Castle. From here, Harburg and the surrounding area have been administered by a chancellor of the dukes of Braunschweig-Lüneburg since 1642. Bessel was always anxious to increase the trade in Harburg, and so in 1661 a trade agreement between the House of Kurbrandenburg and the Brunswick-Lüneburg ducal house was concluded with his assistance. He resigned from the Chancellery in 1667 and died in Braunschweig in 1671.

family

Son Anton Bessel (1646–1701), around 1678 as envoy to the peace of Nijmegen

Heinrich Bessel married Anna (von) Hedemann from the house of Dorste , a daughter of the Chancellor of the Principality of Lüneburg , Erich Hedemann (1567–1636) in Petershagen on the 1st of Advent 1630 . Her sister Maria (von) Hedemann (1622–1670) was married to Quartermaster General and Colonel Hieronymus (von) Bessel († 1664/65), from 1645 master of Gut Bordenau (which later came into the possession of those von Scharnhorst).

Manor house on Gut Bordenau, built around 1650, birthplace of Gerhard von Scharnhorst

Heinrich Bessel's marriage resulted in seven sons and several daughters, including:

  • A daughter of Heinrich Bessel was married to the ducal Württemberg councilor Heinrich Grave zu Harburg, who was also the brother of Christian Georg's wife.

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e Gothaisches Genealogisches Taschenbuch der Briefadeligen houses. 1915. Ninth year, Justus Perthes, Gotha 1914, p. 68.
  2. ↑ Erich Schoenberg: Bessel, Friedrich Wilhelm. In: Neue Deutsche Biographie 2 (1955), pp. 179–180 ( online version ).
  3. ^ Karl Großmann: 400 years of Petrikirche Petershagen. 1615-2015. , Festschrift published by the ev.-luth. Parish Petershagen 2015, p. 12.
  4. ↑ Mindische History , 1747, p 181 ; Karl Adolf Freiherr von der Horst: The Knights' Seats of the County of Ravensberg and the Principality of Minden , Berlin 1894 (Reprint 2013), p. 168 .
  5. ↑ a b Journal of the historical association for Lower Saxony (1863), p. 317 f.
  6. ^ Historical paperback of the nobility in the Kingdom of Hanover , Hanover 1840, p. 82 ; Ernst Heinrich Kneschke : New General German Adels Lexicon , Volume 1, Leipzig 1859, p. 382 ; GHdA , Adelslexikon Volume I, Volume 53 of the complete series, Limburg an der Lahn 1972, p. 366.
  7. ^ New patriotic archive , Lüneburg 1827, p. 6.
  8. ^ JA Repsold: Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel . In: Astronomische Nachrichten , Volume 210, 1919, p. 11 f.
  9. ^ Matriculation portal University of Rostock: Matriculation of Henricus Bullius ; "Bulle, Heinrich" in Hans Friedl (Hrsg.): Biographisches Handbuch zur Geschichte des Landes Oldenburg . Oldenburg 1992, p. 101. ( PDF )
  10. ↑ Personal data sheet Heinrich Wilhelm Bulle (accessed on November 2, 2019)
  11. ^ City of Minden, St. Martini, Epitaph of Heinrich Bulle (accessed on November 3, 2019).
  12. ↑ Archives in Lower Saxony and Bremen: NLA HA Celle Br. 49 No. 347 - Admission of the daughter of Minden Chancellor and Councilor Johann Bessel to the Walsrode Monastery (accessed on November 7, 2019).
  13. ↑ Bernd Warlich: The Thirty Years' War in personal testimonials : Bessel, Christian (accessed on November 7, 2019).
  14. ^ Johann Diederich von Steinen: Attempt at a Westphälische Geschichte , 2nd part, Lemgo 1755, p. 647 .
  15. ↑ Lower Saxony religious houses and foundations , 2009, p. 170.
  16. ↑ Decisions of the Royal Higher Tribunal , Volume 3, Berlin 1838, p. 28 ff.
  17. ↑ a b c d Urban Friedrich Christoph Manecke: Biographical sketches of the chancellors of the dukes of Braunschweig-Lüneburg , Lüneburg 1823, p. 17 f.
  18. ↑ Hans Nordsiek: The church inspection protocols of the Principality Minden of 1650 Neustadt, 2013, S. 348 et seq.
  19. ↑ Hans Nordsiek: The church visitation protocols of the Principality of Minden of 1650. Neustadt an der Aisch 2013 S. 65th
  20. ↑ Hamburg Monument Preservation Foundation: Harburg Chancellor House (accessed on November 7, 2019).
  21. ↑ Fatherland Archives of the Historical Association for Lower Saxony , 1821, p. 116 ff.
  22. ^ Johann Wilhelm Franz von Krohne : General Teutsches Adels-Lexicon , Volume 1, Part 2, Hamburg 1776, p. 100.
  23. ↑ Werner Besier: Das Scharnhorst-Gut Bordenau , 2016, p. 1 f .; State Archives Hanover: NLA HA Hann. 91 Kuntze
  24. ^ A b Christian Georg von Bessel: New political fortune smith , Frankfurt 1681 ( digitized version ).
  25. ↑ Ursula Geitner: The language of adjustment , Tübingen 1992, p. 75 ff.
  26. ^ Otto Brunken: Handbook on children's and youth literature. From 1570 to 1750. , 2017, p. 1098.
  27. ^ A b Christian Georg von Bessel: New political luck smith , Frankfurt 1681, p. 439.
  28. ↑ Teresa Schröder-Stapper: Princely abbesses: Early modern colleges , 2015, p. 223.
  29. ^ Johann Christoph Adelung : Continuation and addition to Christian Gottlieb Jöcher's general scholarly lexico , Leipzig 1784, p. 1798.
personal data
SURNAME Bessel, Heinrich
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Bessel, Heinrich von
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Chancellor of the Principality of Minden and the Harburg part of the Principality of Lüneburg
DATE OF BIRTH July 28, 1603
DATE OF DEATH October 22, 1671
Place of death Braunschweig