Interzonal tournament

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An important qualification stage introduced by FIDE in 1948 in the determination of the challenger to the world chess champion was called the interzonal tournament . FIDE has changed the mode of the event several times since 1997. The last interzonal tournament took place in Biel in 1993 . A victory in these always very strong interzonal tournaments was considered a great success in the palmarès of a chess player regardless of the later course of the qualification .

The winners from the zone tournaments as well as pre-qualified players from the previous cycle qualified for the interzonal tournament . A predetermined number of high-ranking players in the interzonal tournament (s) qualified for the candidates tournament . The winner of the candidates tournament or later the candidate duels became the so-called challenger and then fought for the title in a match against the reigning chess world champion, who was not involved in this qualification marathon. Such a cycle (including World Cup competition) lasted three years.

From 1948 to 1970 there was an interzonal tournament with 20-24 participants. From 1973 to 1979 there were two interzonal tournaments per cycle with 18 to 20 participants. From 1982 to 1987 there were three interzonal tournaments per cycle with up to 18 participants each. You always played everyone against everyone .

In 1990 and 1993 there were the last two interzonal tournaments, both were (open) tournaments played in the Swiss system with 64 and 73 participants respectively. The original plan was to hold an interzonal tournament in Yerevan in 1996 , but this was canceled in 1996 in favor of the knockout World Cup tournaments .

At times there was a kind of country contingent, i. H. a restriction such that a maximum of three players from the same country could qualify for the next stage of the (mostly best eight) candidates in an interzonal tournament. Leonid Stein was fatally fatal twice.

List of interzonal tournaments

World Cup cycle	Interzonal tournament	winner	other qualified players
World Cup 1951	Saltsjöbaden 1948	David Bronstein	László Szabó , Isaak Boleslawski , Alexander Kotow , Andor Lilienthal , Salo Flohr , Miguel Najdorf , Gideon Ståhlberg
World Cup 1954	Saltsjöbaden 1952	Alexander Kotow	Tigran Petrosjan , Mark Taimanow , Efim Geller , Juri Awerbach , Gideon Ståhlberg , László Szabó , Svetozar Gligorić
World Cup 1957	Gothenburg 1955	David Bronstein	Paul Keres , Óscar Panno , Tigran Petrosjan , Efim Geller , László Szabó , Miroslav Filip , Herman Pilnik , Boris Spasski
World Cup 1960	Portorož 1958	Mikhail Tal	Svetozar Gligorić , Tigran Petrosjan , Pál Benkö , Bobby Fischer , Friðrik Ólafsson
World Cup 1963	Stockholm 1962	Bobby Fischer	Efim Geller , Tigran Petrosjan , Miroslav Filip , Viktor Kortschnoi , Pál Benkö
World Cup 1966	Amsterdam 1964	Wassili Smyslow , Bent Larsen , Michail Tal , Boris Spasski	Borislav Ivkov , Lajos Portisch
World Cup 1969	Sousse 1967	Bent Larsen	Efim Geller , Viktor Kortschnoi , Svetozar Gligorić , Lajos Portisch , Samuel Reshevsky
World Cup 1972	Palma de Mallorca 1970	Bobby Fischer	Bent Larsen , Efim Geller , Robert Huebner , Mark Taimanow , Wolfgang Uhlmann
World Cup 1975	Petrópolis 1973	Henrique da Costa Mecking	Efim Geller , Lev Polugajewski , Lajos Portisch
	Leningrad 1973	Anatoly Karpov , Viktor Korchnoi	Robert Byrne
World Cup 1978	Manila 1976	Henrique da Costa Mecking	Vlastimil Hort , Lev Polugayevsky
	Biel 1976	Bent Larsen	Tigran Petrosjan , Lajos Portisch
World Cup 1981	Rio de Janeiro 1979	Tigran Petrosjan , Lajos Portisch , Robert Huebner
	Riga 1979	Mikhail Tal	Lev Polugajewski , András Adorján
1985 World Cup	Las Palmas 1982	Zoltan Ribli	Vasily Smyslow
	Toluca 1982	Lajos Portisch , Eugenio Torre
	Moscow 1982	Garry Kasparov	Alexander Beliavsky
World Cup 1987	Tunis 1985	Artur Yusupov	Alexander Beliavsky , Lajos Portisch , Alexander Csernyin
	Taxco 1985	Jan Timman	Jesús Nogueiras , Michail Tal , Kevin Spraggett
	Biel 1985	Rafael Vaganian	Yasser Seirawan , Andreï Sokolov , Nigel Short
World Cup 1990	Subotica 1987	Gyula Sax , Nigel Short , Jonathan Speelman
	Szirák 1987	Valery Salow , Jóhann Hjartarson	Lajos Portisch
	Zagreb 1987	Viktor Korchnoi	Jaan Ehlvest , Yasser Seirawan
World Cup 1993	Manila 1990	Boris Gelfand , Wassyl Ivanchuk	Viswanathan Anand , Nigel Short , Gyula Sax , Viktor Kortschnoi , Robert Hübner , Predrag Nikolić , Leonid Judassin , Sergei Dolmatow , Alexei Drejew
FIDE World Cup 1996	Biel 1993	Boris Gelfand	Paul van der Sterren , Gata Kamsky , Alexander Chalifman , Michael Adams , Leonid Judassin , Valeri Salow , Joël Lautier , Wladimir Kramnik , Viswanathan Anand

literature

• Anatoli Karpow et al .: Chess - encyclopedic dictionary , Sowjetskaja enzyklopedija, Moscow 1990, ISBN 5-85270-005-3 , p. 251. (Russian)
• David Hooper and Ken Whyld : The Oxford Companion to Chess , Oxford University Press, 2nd edition 1992, ISBN 0-19-866164-9 , p. 182. (English)

Web links

• Interzone tournaments at Mark Weeks (English)

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Mark Weeks: The Last, Lost Interzonal February 8, 2012.