Caspian Red Banner Officers College of the Naval Forces SM Kirov

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Caspian Red Banner Officers College of the Naval Forces SM Kirov
logo
activity 1939-1992
Sponsorship Soviet UnionSoviet Unionbefore 1990 VgMin. USSR

Russia 1991Russiauntil 1992 VgMin. RF

place Baku , Zig
(near Baku Bay )
Last commander Rear Admiral  Zhdanov
Students more than 15,000
Main entrance of today's Azerbaijani Navy Officers College .

The Caspian Red Banner Military Academy of the Naval Forces (KWWMKU) ( Russian Каспийское Высшее Военно-Морское Краснознаменное Училище (КВВМКУ) имени С.М. Кирова ), named after Sergei Kirov , who served the Soviet Union as a training center seafaring management personnel ( cadets , officers ) for the Navy of the country .

Foreign cadres, such as naval officers of the National People's Army of the GDR , were also trained at this military university . It was located in Baku , the capital of the Azerbaijani SSR on the Caspian Sea .

After obtaining national sovereignty, the Azerbaijani Naval Officer College was established here.

history

Towards the end of 1937 the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR decided on a program to build a national navy. This decision is also based on the plan to build another naval school in Baku. The plan was confirmed on March 5, 1939 by Naval Admiral Kuznetsov , People's Commissar of the USSR Naval Wars . The area around Zig, where a suburban park and a beach were located, was confirmed for the construction of the 4th Naval Officer School. The detailed elaboration of the construction project was carried out by the Asgosprojekt company . During this period the teaching staff was already hired. On May 25, 1939, the command leadership was installed and appointed first commander GA Buritschenkow , the previous head of the Frunze naval officer school. The majority of the teaching staff came from this school. Many of his experienced officers, such as Rear Admiral IN Dmitrijew and the sea captains SN Tarchow and NA Isotow, already served in the Imperial Russian Navy . As early as June 25, the future teaching facility was named Caspian Naval War School (Каспийское военно-морское училище) . Immediately after the start of construction, the training of the seafarers took place temporarily in the open air and the course participants lived in tents.

In 1940 the teaching institution received university status. By decision of the Council of People's Commissars No. 963 and the Order of the People's Commissariat for Defense No. 294 of June 5, 1940, it was renamed the Naval War School 1st category and Caspian Higher Naval War School.

During the Great Patriotic War , various USSR military schools were housed in Baku such as B. in November 1941 the Naval War School for Coastal Defense, in autumn 1942 the Naval War College MW Frunze and towards the end of 1942 the preparatory center for naval officers' cadre. Many of the school's graduates lost their lives serving at the front.

On October 1, 1952, general watch officer training was given up. Instead, the establishment of special faculties began (e.g. for navigation , artillery , mines , anti-submarine defense ). The school was given the name SM Kirow on December 9, 1954. At the end of the 1950s, the artillery and mine / torpedo faculties were relocated to other cities. Instead, in 1960 the Leningrad Higher Naval War School for weapons engineers received a new faculty. A special award in Soviet times was the award of the Order of the Red Banner on the 50th anniversary of the establishment of the Soviet navy on February 22, 1968.

Training of Soviet and foreign military cadres

Graduates (kneeling) born in 1989 of the GDR Volksmarine during the ceremony for the handing over of the final diploma on the central roll call square.

In the 1950s and 60s, international relations and military cooperation between the Warsaw Pact fleets and other socialist and developing countries deepened . Of the four faculties, the 1st faculty (navigation) and the 2nd faculty (chemical service) were reserved for Soviet course participants. Foreign students attended the 3rd faculty (socialist countries) and the 4th faculty (developing countries). The faculties were subdivided into individual courses ("courses") and faculties three and four also according to nationalities. The training, which was strictly separated according to subject areas, took place in the majors hydrography , artillery armament, rocket armament, mine and torpedo armament, navigation and ship command technology, anti-submarine armament, radio measurement and weapons control technology as well as communications technology . The foreign officer students came from the following countries:

continent States
Europe Albania, Bulgaria, Yugoslavia, Hungary, GDR, Finland, Poland, Romania
Asia China, North Korea, Vietnam, Cambodia, India, Indonesia, North and South Yemen, Syria, Iraq
Africa Algeria, Libya, Egypt, Ethiopia, Somalia, Mozambique, Republic of the Congo, Benin, Equatorial Guinea, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Angola, Cape Verde, Seychelles
Latin America Cuba, Nicaragua

From 1939 to 1992, the training facility trained around 15,000 domestic officers and about the same number of foreign army personnel. Almost 150 of them graduated with honors and gold medals, and more than 100 graduates became admirals and generals.

The history of the school ends with the fall of the USSR . On the occasion of the pogroms against non-Muslims in Sumgait , Baku and other cities and villages in Azerbaijan from February 1988, the staff of the educational institution under the leadership of Rear Admiral Leonid Zhdanov supported the Soviet administration in maintaining internal order, protecting public facilities and evacuating refugees. The last graduates finished the officers' school in 1992. Foreign students had already been evacuated at the time, but there was still a remaining faculty for naval officer training.

By order No. 28 of the President of the independently declared Republic of Azerbaijan on July 3, 1992, the school was legally transferred to the newly established state and subordinated to the Azerbaijani Ministry of Defense. In fact, the handover took place on July 18, 1992, whereupon by directive of the main staff of the Russian Navy, the Caspian Navy officers' school was closed and the staff was commanded to other educational institutions of the Russian Navy. The archive was transferred to the Naval Forces Officers College MW Frunze in St. Petersburg .

Officers of the People's Navy

From 1961 to 1990 about 300 officer students of the People's Navy of the GDR were trained to become naval officers at this officers' college. The first course consisted of 45 participants who were trained to be specialists in the ship-to-ship missile P-15 without prior language preparation. In the seventies, training then took place in the specialist areas of rocket and artillery armament, mine and torpedo armament, navigation, communications technology, and radio measurement and weapons control technology. With the introduction of the new coastal defense ships of Project 1159 into the Volksmarine, comprehensive building instruction was carried out for the future crews at the university from 1976 to 1977. From the 1980s onwards, the range of courses was expanded to include submarine defense and hydrography. The officer students were sent to Baku after three weeks of basic training at the officers' college of the Volksmarine Karl Liebknecht in Stralsund . A one-year preparatory course has now increased the linguistic skills of the trainees.

The officer students were directly subordinate to the Ministry for National Defense of the GDR (MfNV). From 1976 the MfNV appointed an officer of the People's Navy as group elder, who usually held this position for three years. Previously, this function was exercised by a student officer. In addition, each nationality was headed by a supervising Soviet officer. The individual years were led by a course elder and a year old. In addition, a class elder was planned for each of the special classes.

The course spanned five or six years at times. After completing their studies, the graduates were appointed lieutenant or first lieutenant , depending on the duration of the course . The appointment usually took place in the home country and preceded the ceremonial handover of the diplomas.

Re-establishment and change of name

Today, the Azerbaijani Officers' College ( Azerbaijani Heydər Əliyev adına Azərbaycan Ali Hərbi Məktəbi ), with the honorary name Heydər Əliyev, is located in the same place .

Commanders

Since 1939 the following officers have been appointed commander.

Badge for the 50th anniversary of the school's establishment
Surname from to comment
1. KomDiw Georgi Buritschenkow June 1939 April 1940
2. Frigate Captain Konstantin Suchiashvili April 1940 November 1941
3. Rear Admiral Nikolai Suikov November 1941 August 1942
4th Frigate Captain Konstantin Suchiashvili August 1942 June 1944
5. Rear Admiral Ivan Golubev -montkin June 1944 April 1949
6th Rear Admiral Alexander Vanifatjew April 1949 March 1951
7th Rear Admiral Semyon Ramishvili March 1951 November 1961
8th. Rear Admiral Nikolai Drozdov November 1961 February 1963
9. Rear Admiral Fyodor Akimov February 1963 September 1966
10. Rear Admiral Georgi Timchenko February 1967 October 1970
11. Vice Admiral Georgi Stepanov October 1970 June 1974
12. Rear Admiral Yevgeny Glebov June 1974 December 1975
13. Rear Admiral Vasily Archipov December 1975 November 1985
14th Rear Admiral Albert Akatow November 1985 July 1987
15th Rear Admiral Leonid Zhdanov July 1987 2nd July 1992

Location and infrastructure

The teaching facility was located on the shores of Baku Bay and covered an area of ​​about 26 hectares. On its territory there were six teaching and nine residential units, two sports complexes and three sports facilities, a stadium, a shooting range , two swimming pools, two canteens with 3000 seats each, a supply complex , a heating plant and a cleaning combine. The officers, ensigns and civilian employees were housed in front of the site in 20 five-story houses in 60 apartments, a nine-story house with 34 apartments and a dormitory.

Well-known graduates

Twenty graduates of the teaching institution were honored with the highest honor of the USSR Hero of the Soviet Union , and more than 100 were appointed admirals or generals during their careers. Well-known graduates include a .:

Awards
Certificates
  • Document of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR (January 1946)
  • Honorary certificate for "Great successes in officer training and military patriotic work" (1958, 1974)
  • Document of the Council of Ministers of the GDR (March 1, 1975)
  • Certificate of honor of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Azerbaijan SSR "For success in officer cadre training, active participation of employees in military-patriotic educational work and on the 40th anniversary of the founding" (1979)

literature

  • И.Д. Кирин: Кузница офицерских кадров: Краткая история Каспийского И.С.М. Кирова высшего военно-морского училища . Азербайджанское государственное издательство, Baku 1961, p. 164 .
  • А.П. Курочкин: Апшеронский меридиан: Документальная повесть . Азернешр, Baku 1989, p. 208 .
  • Н.А. Алиев: Исторические аспекты становления БВВМУ . Ed .: Бакинское военно-морское училище. Baku 2000, p. 72 .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b N.A. Aliyev: Вклад Азербайджана в военно-морскую оборону Каспийского региона. Archived from the original on November 5, 2013 ; Retrieved November 5, 2013 (Russian).
  2. ^ A b Greetings from Vice Admiral Zhdanov on the 70th anniversary of the school's founding. May 21, 2009, Retrieved April 3, 2013 (Russian).
  3. ^ Homepage of the Nakhimov Naval School about Leonid Iwanowitsch Schdanow. Archived from the original on December 1, 2015 ; Retrieved May 18, 2011 (Russian).
  4. ^ Reports on the 1159 training on the homepage of the Marinemakeradschaft KSS e. V. Accessed December 28, 2015 .
  5. ↑ Fikret Melikow, headmaster of the Azerbaijan Military University : Letter of greeting to the graduate meeting. (PDF; 68 kB) September 2012, accessed on December 5, 2012 (Russian).

Coordinates: 40 ° 21 '  N , 49 ° 58'  E