Gatchina

city Gatchina Gattchina flag coat of arms Federal district Northwest Russia Oblast Leningrad Rajon Gatchina mayor Alexander Romanovich Kalugin First mention 1499 Earlier names Trozk, Krasnogwardeisk, Lindemannstadt City since 1796 surface 29  km² population 92,937 inhabitants (as of Oct. 14, 2010) Population density 3205 inhabitants / km² Height of the center 100  m Time zone UTC + 3 Telephone code (+7) 81371 Post Code 188300-188310, 188319 License Plate 47 OKATO 41 420 Website www.gatchina-meria.ru Geographical location Coordinates 59 ° 34 ′  N , 30 ° 8 ′  E Coordinates: 59 ° 34 ′ 0 ″  N , 30 ° 8 ′ 0 ″  E

Location in the western part of Russia

Location in Leningrad Oblast

List of cities in Russia

Gatchina ( Russian Га́тчина ) is a city in the Russian Oblast Leningrad and is 45 kilometers south of Saint Petersburg on the European route and the railway line to Pskov . The population is 92,937 (as of October 14, 2010). The city has achieved fame above all for its castle, which was at times the tsar's residence.

history

Gatchina Castle

Gatchina was first mentioned in 1499; Originally the place belonged to Novgorod , with its submission in 1478 Gatchina also came to the Grand Duchy of Moscow . Like the whole of Ingermanland , Gatchina belonged to Sweden from 1583 to 1595 and from 1617 to 1721 ( Peace of Nystad ) . Peter the Great , Emperor of the New Russian Empire , gave Gatchina to his sister Natalja. In 1765, Empress Catherine gave the Great Gatchina to her favorite, Count Grigori Grigoryevich Orlow , who had the Gatchina Castle built here. The last Russian emperor , Nicholas II , spent his youth here; after his abdication in 1917 he was temporarily placed under house arrest in Gatchina.

In 1858, Gatchina was connected to the capital via the Petersburg-Warsaw Railway . The entire line to Warsaw was opened in 1862.

In 1923 the city was renamed Trozk (Троцк) after the revolutionary Leon Trotsky . After Trotsky fell out of favor, it was renamed Krasnogwardeisk (Красногвардейск) in 1929 , before the city was given its old name again in 1944.

Shortly after the start of the German-Soviet War on June 22, 1941, Gatchina was occupied by Wehrmacht troops. In the course of the Leningrad-Novgorod Operation , the Red Army recaptured the place in early 1944.

Population development

year	Residents
1897	14,824
1939	38.201
1959	36,725
1970	63.292
1979	75,153
1989	79.714
2002	88,420
2010	92,937

Note: census data

sons and daughters of the town

• Paul Friedrich von Benckendorff (1784–1841), Governor of the Estonian Governorate from 1833 to 1841
• Andrei Stackenschneider (1802–1865), architect
• Pyotr Tschichachev (1812–1890), explorer
• Michail Chigorin (1850–1908), chess player
• Fyodor Wassiljew (1850–1873), painter
• Michail Ippolitow-Iwanow (1859–1935), composer and conductor
• Michail von Doliwo-Dobrowolski (1862–1919), engineer
• Modest Ivanov (1875–1942), first Soviet admiral
• Jan Zachwatowicz (1900–1983), Polish architect
• Anastassija Russkich (* 1983), badminton player
• Jelisaveta Demirova (* 1987), sprinter
• Irina Chlebko (* 1990), badminton player
• Daniil Linchevsky (* 1990), chess player
• Svetlana Kolesnitschenko (* 1993), synchronized swimmer, 2016 Olympic champion
• Alexander Bublik (* 1997), tennis player
• Yevgeny Tyurnev (born 1997), tennis player

Town twinning

Gatchina is twin town of

•  Espoo , Finland
•  Eskilstuna , Sweden
•  Ettlingen , Germany

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b} Itogi Vserossijskoj perepisi naselenija 2010 goda. Tom 1. Čislennostʹ i razmeščenie naselenija (Results of the All-Russian Census 2010. Volume 1. Number and distribution of the population). Tables 5 , pp. 12-209; 11 , pp. 312–979 (download from the website of the Federal Service for State Statistics of the Russian Federation)
2. ↑ Gerd Koenen : The great songs: Lenin - Stalin - Mao Tsetung. Leadership cults and hero myths of the 20th century . Eichborn, Frankfurt am Main, 2nd edition 1991. ISBN 3-8218-1143-9 . P. 64.

Web links

Commons : Gatchina  - collection of images, videos and audio files

• Gatchina Yesterday and Today (Russian)
• Gatchina on mojgorod.ru (Russian)
• Palace of the City of Gatchina (Gatchina)