Monuments of the city of Kassel

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Art and architectural monuments of the city of Kassel are distributed over the entire city area.

Joseph Beuys , “7000 oaks - urban deforestation instead of city administration”; The first of 7,000 “Beuys trees” at the Fridericianum

Downtown

The overall concept of the inner city shows features of a classic garden city and as a former residential city it has numerous administrative buildings and parks. However, Kassel is best known for the numerous examples of the architecture of the economic miracle that have been preserved (e.g., stairs street and Scheidemannplatz as an ensemble). More than anywhere else, efforts are being made to preserve the early post-war architecture; many of the buildings are listed .

Churches

Collegiate Church of St. Martin

Martinskirche

The former collegiate church of St. Martin began before 1364 under Landgrave Heinrich II and was named a collegiate church as early as 1366 ; for the consecration in 1367 the polygonal broken choir was probably already completed. Work on the nave hall dragged on until the second half of the 15th century. In the Second World War ( 1943 ) the substance was lost except for the outer walls and the vaults in the choir. Heinrich Otto Vogel planned the reconstruction with the striking towers from 1954 to 1958 . Inside there are grave monuments of the princes, including Philip the Magnanimous . In the choir, glass windows with the coat of arms of the Hessian knighthood.

Other churches

  • Brothers Church , 1292, (Protestant)
  • Garrison Church , 1757, ruins from the Second World War
  • Karlskirche , 1698, (Protestant), rebuilt in a simplified manner
  • Old church tower of the Luther Church , 1893, (76 m high), with modern church building and surrounding grave monuments
  • Kreuzkirche , central building from 1906. Rebuilt in modern forms after being destroyed in the war by Gustav Gsaenger . Tower motif can also be seen in other Gsaengers church buildings.

Profane buildings up to the modern age

Altan v. former Red Palace (around December 18, 2003)
  • Aschrottbrunnen 1908, 1987, fountain and memorial at the town hall
  • Wire bridge , 1870, pedestrian suspension bridge over the Fulda
  • Druselturm , 1415, tower of the old city wall
  • Elisabeth Hospital , 1586, the city's former infirmary
  • Fridericianum , 1769, museum building also for documenta purposes
  • Breakfast pavilion, garden pavilion built around 1800
  • Kassel Central Station , 1852, largely replaced by a new building after the Second World War in 1952
  • Karlshospital , 1720, originally an educational and reformatory institution
  • Marstall , 1591, today it houses u. a. the city archive and a market hall
  • Ottoneum , 1603, first permanent (former) theater building in Germany
  • Palais Bellevue , 1714, former observatory and part of Bellevue Palace
  • Town hall , neo-baroque, 1909, roof rebuilt in a simplified form after 1945
  • Renthof , 1616, a former Carmelite monastery
  • Rondell , a gun tower of the Kassel fortress built in 1523
  • Arbor of the former Red Palace, 1821. Integrated into a department store building by Sep Ruf .
  • Armory , 1580, built between 1581 and 1583. On the main facade that has been preserved, two portals from 1766 and some inscriptions from the time it was built. The building has been in ruins and has been partially demolished since the Second World War.
  • Zwehrenturm 1330, city gate and fortress tower, temporarily as observatory used

Lost structures

Modern architecture

The State Theater, one of Paul Bode's buildings in Kassel

Technical and industrial monuments

  • Textile factory Salzmann & Comp. in Bettenhausen
  • "Haferkakao", industrial site in Bettenhausen, largely demolished in 2011
  • Textile factory Gottschalk & Co. in North Holland, largely demolished since 2008
  • Factory facilities of the Henschel works
    • Main plant, Holländischer Platz, demolished in 1975 and 2010
    • Rothenditmold plant, intended to be used as a technology museum
  • Holländische Strasse tram depot, demolished in 2011

Further urban area

Bettenhausen

The brass yard on the Losse was founded in 1679 by Landgrave Karl and is considered the birthplace of Hercules in Kassel . The partially preserved complex impresses with its baroque architecture. The brass yard is one of the most important industrial monuments in the wider region.

North Holland

View of the Gottschalk site before the demolition (2006)

Immediately in front of the gates of the old town, which has now been destroyed, were the factory facilities of the Henschel & Sohn company. The two track accesses via Wolfhager Strasse to the Unterstadtbahnhof and the connection along Bunsenstrasse to Schenkebier Stanne are no longer preserved today, as is the hall structure of the main Kassel plant. The only remainder is Hall K19 and the rest of Hall K18 north of Moritzstrasse.

The entire district development was characterized by the settlement of various suppliers. The last evidence of this is provided by the gatehouses of the slaughterhouse on Mombachstrasse, which was demolished in the mid-1970s, and the factory premises of the cloth and tent factory Gottschalk & Co., which is directly adjacent to the Henschelei, produced the latter until the 1990s and was in the course of the Extension of the University of Kassel to a production hall and two buildings at the factory entrance demolished.

Front west

The Kassel district of Vorderer Westen (former Hohenzollernviertel) developed since the end of the 19th century to the west of what was then the city center. The Kassel businessman Sigmund Aschrott is considered the founder . He bought land and promoted the development of the infrastructure. The appearance of the district is still characterized today by a closed stock of Wilhelminian style and Art Nouveau buildings; these are mostly bourgeois apartment buildings with diverse facades.

With 277 individual cultural monuments in the district alone, the Vordere West has a density of cultural evidence that is unique for Kassel. The majority of the district with its streets, squares and the cityscape is classified as a cultural monument as a whole.

The Kassel City Hall , which was built from 1911 to 1914 according to an award-winning design by the architects Ernst Rothe and Max Hummel , was designed as a monumental neoclassical building . Aschrott provided significant financial support for the construction.

The Protestant Church of Peace was built between 1905 and 1908 in a prominent urban development location in the western area of ​​today's Friedrich-Ebert-Straße. Its opulent neo-baroque forms stand in contrast to the neo-Romanesque church of Sankt Maria (nicknamed and popularly known as the Rosary Church) on Bebelplatz, which is not far away .

Harleshausen

The artist necropolis in Harleshausen near Kassel is a cemetery, a park, a work of art in public space and a hiking trail, created by documenta artists who made a testamentary commitment during their lifetime, in Habichtswald on the western outskirts of Kassel near the Bergpark Wilhelmshöhe am Buried in the blue lake. With the artist necropolis, documenta artist Harry Kramer created a new form of expression for art in public space.


The Hessian State Museum
The natural history museum in the Ottoneum

Gardens and parks

Large fountain of the water features in the Bergpark Wilhelmshöhe

Bergpark Wilhelmshöhe

On the western outskirts of Kassel is a park with the status of UNESCO World Heritage Site : the Bergpark Wilhelmshöhe with Wilhelmshöhe Castle , the Lion Castle and the Hercules , the city's landmark . Landgrave Karl started it as a baroque park around 1700 . In the 18th / 19th In the 19th century, the mountain park was partially redesigned to an English landscape park. In the summer months, the water games take place there twice a week .

Karlsaue

The Karlsaue is an originally baroque park, designed from 1680 onwards , on the edge of the city center with the orangery , the marble bath and the flower island Siebenbergen .

More parks

Art in public space

Art in the public space of Kassel is closely linked to the documenta exhibition series , which sets global standards. In Kassel u. a. the following works by documenta participants:

  • Stainless steel sculpture by Erich Hauser on Friedrichplatz (participant in documenta 3, 4 and 6 - 1964, 1968 and 1977)
  • Landscape in a slide (frame construction) by the artist collective Haus-Rucker-Co (for documenta 6, 1977)
  • Vertical kilometer of earth : The American artist Walter De Maria bored a 1-kilometer-deep hole in the earth on Friedrichsplatz, into which 1 m long, nested, solid brass rods with a diameter of 5 cm were inserted into the earth (for documenta 6, 1977)
  • 7000 oaks - city administration instead of city administration is a work by the artist Joseph Beuys distributed across the city(for documenta 7, 1982)
  • Spatial sculpture by Per Kirkeby at the documenta Halle (participants in documenta 5, 7 and 9 - 1972, 1982, 1992)
  • The 12 m high Hercules throws pick-ax (pickaxe) by Claes Oldenburg on the regatta meadow on the Fuldaufer (for documenta 7, 1982)
  • Man walking to the sky (Himmelsstürmer) by Jonathan Borofsky on the Kasseler Bahnhofsvorplatz (for documenta 9, 1992)
  • Laserscape Kassel by Horst H. Baumann , the world's first permanent laser light sculpture in public urban space (for documenta 6, 1977)
  • "The Strangers" by Thomas Schütte on the pillar portal (for documenta 9, 1992. Other participations: 1987 and 1997)
  • Granite block by Ulrich Rückriem next to the Neue Galerie (for documenta 7, 1981/82)

The documenta 9 (1992) assigned to work staircase to nowhere by Gustav Lange was so hotly contested that the then Lord Mayor Georg Lewandowski demolished in a non-legal action in the 2000th

In addition to the works of art remaining on the occasion of the documenta exhibitions in Kassel, there are also a large number of other sculptures in the outdoor area. For example, the memorial for the slave laborers employed by the Henschel company during the Second World War, The Ramp by ER Nele , which is now located on the premises of the University of Kassel.

Observation towers

  • The Kassel Bismarck Tower (built 1903–1904; 25.5 m high) on the Brasselsberg ( 434.2  m ) stands high above the south-western Kassel district of Brasselsberg in the Habichtswald ; good prospect
  • On the Hohen Gras ( 614.8  m ; highest point of the Kassel urban area; Habichtswald) stands the Hohes Gras observation tower (30.7 m high; built in 1890) together with the mountain restaurant of the same name; good visibility
  • On the Elfbuchen (approx.  535  m ; Habichtswald) stands the Elfbuchenturm observation tower , opened in 1879 , from which there is no longer a view because its observation platform ( 551.3  m ) is dominated by numerous trees.

literature

  • Alois Holtmeyer : The architectural and art monuments in the Kassel administrative region, Volume VI. Marburg 1923.
  • Dehio Handbook Hessen. Munich 1982, p. 472 ff.
  • State Office for the Preservation of Monuments Hesse (ed.): City of Kassel I. (= Monument Topography Federal Republic of Germany , Monuments in Hesse ) Wiesbaden 1984.
  • State Office for Monument Preservation Hessen (Ed.), Thomas Wiegand (Editing): City of Kassel II. (= Monument topography Federal Republic of Germany, monuments in Hessen ) Wiesbaden 2005.
  • Harald Kimpel (Red.): Art in public space. Kassel 1950–1991. Jonas-Verlag, 1991.
  • Harald Kimpel (Red.): Art in Public Space 2. Kassel 1992–2005. Jonas Verlag, 2005.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ documenta-open-air on sights in the Kassel region (Kassel City Map)
  2. ↑ The documenta-artworks (Kassel.de)
  3. ↑ New Year's reception on January 20, 2001 (demolition of the Königsplatz stairs). (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on February 15, 2015 ; accessed on February 15, 2015 .
  4. ↑ diepresse.com on July 23, 2013: Big world in small happiness: From Kate to Minimundus