Lisewo (Masuria)
| Lisewo | |||
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| Basic data | |||
| State : | Poland | ||
| Voivodeship : | Warmia-Masuria | ||
| Powiat : | Ełk | ||
| Gmina : | Kalinowo | ||
| Geographic location : | 53 ° 46 ' N , 22 ° 41' E | ||
| Residents : | |||
| Postal code : | 19-314 | ||
| Telephone code : | (+48) 87 | ||
| License plate : | NEL | ||
| Economy and Transport | |||
| Street : | Borzymy - Skrzypki → Lisewo | ||
| Rail route : |
Ełk – Turowo small railway (currently no rail traffic) Railway station: Borzymy |
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| Next international airport : | Danzig | ||
Lisewo ( German Lyssewen , from 1932 also: Lissewen , 1938–1945 Lissau (East Prussia) ) is a village in the north-eastern Masuria in the Polish Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship , Powiat Ełcki ( Lyck district ), part of the municipality of Kalinowo (Kallinowen , 1938 to 1945 Dreimühlen) ).
Geographical location
The village is located twelve kilometers south of the town of Kalinowo (German: Kallinowen ) as the crow flies, at the end of a road leading via Borzymy (Borszymmen , 1938 to 1945 Borschimmen) and Skrzypki (Skrzypken , 1926 to 1945 Geigenau) . It is located in the very south of a stretched peninsula on the west bank of Lake Przepiorken (1926 to 1945 Wachteldorfer See , JezioroPrzepiórka in Polish ), which then merges south into Lake Raygrod (Jezioro Rajgrodzkie).
history
In 1472 the Ordensburg Lyck provided locators according to Kulmer law with a hand-held for fishing rights on the banks of the Wachteldorfer See. In 1481, with the construction of a church and surrounding buildings, Lyssewen was officially founded, which is also one of the oldest settlements starting from Lyck. Further settlement was initiated by the Teutonic Order through church buildings distributed at regional points . Further villages emerged from the church locations. The priest Jan Gostrow was commissioned by the Commander of Rhein Rudolf von Diepoltskirchen with the construction of the place . The other settlers were mostly Poles who had immigrated from Mazovia .
In 1540 there are 45 landlords (farmers) on 30 hooves in Lyssewen , of which 6 hooves are assigned to Schulzen and 3 hooves to the pastor.
In 1625 Lyssewen was ravaged by cholera , from which the local pastor Jan Osareck died.
In 1656 the Tatars, allied with Poland, invaded large parts of Masuria, and Lyssewen was almost completely destroyed. The enemy hordes came on a Sunday. Pastor Christoph Kozik got into captivity with many parishioners. But some Poles he knew saved him and made his return home possible. The church village, including the wooden church, was destroyed by flames, and its resident residents never saw their hometown again.
In a report by the Lyck governor von Auer it says:
“ Lyssewen burned 40 hooves, 14 buildings including the parish building, 4 standing, all cattle and horses gone, fields sown over winter, 50 people driven away, 3 perished. "
Three residents were killed, there were four survivors on site, and 50 were mostly deported into slavery .
From 1664 Lyssewen belonged to Alexander Koblynski. In 1697 it came into the possession of Hans von Langheim.
Under King Friedrich Wilhelm II of Prussia (1786–1797) the village was raised to the rank of town and market town . The city developed with its market and its location on the eastern border of Prussia as an important trading center compared to Rajgród, which is on the other bank in Russian Poland .
The church of Lyssewen, which was rebuilt in the second half of the 17th century on the banks of the Wachteldorfer See, burned down again in 1803. It was not rebuilt. The Lyssewer churchgoers were temporarily parish in Kallinowen (1938 to 1945 Dreimühlen ) and Pissanitzen (1938 to 1945 Ebenfelde ). With the construction of a new church in 1817 in Borczymmen, 6 kilometers to the north (1938 to 1945 Borschimmen ), Lyssewen was finally assigned to the local parish . Lyssewen lost more and more political and economic importance and also had to cede its rank as a city to Borczymmen, which is more centrally located in the road network.
On May 27, 1874, as part of a Prussian community reform, a new district Borczymmen (from 1881: Borszymmen) was formed, which includes the communities Borczymmen, Jendreyken, Lyssewen, Przepiorken, Skrzypken and Stoosnen and the manor district Romotten and Seen. In 1908 the municipalities of Duttken, Gronsken and Romanowen and the Imionken manor district were reclassified from the previous Dluggen district to the Borszymmen district.
In 1895 there were 51 farms in Lissewen that cultivated 924 hectares. 324 inhabitants lived in the village, 301 of whom were Protestant , 9 Roman Catholic and 14 other Christian denominations. 21 gave German and 281 Masurian as their mother tongue . The rest was without a clear assignment.
On December 1, 1910 Lyssewen comprised 299 inhabitants.
Due to the provisions of the Versailles Treaty , the population in the Allenstein voting area , to which Lyssewen belonged, voted on July 11, 1920 on whether they would continue to belong to East Prussia (and thus to Germany) or join Poland. In Lyssewen, 220 residents voted to remain with East Prussia, Poland did not vote.
In 1931, the district of Borszymmen included the rural communities of Borszymmen, Duttken, Geigenau, Gronsken, Jendreyken, Lyssewen, Romanowen, Stosznen and Wachteldorf (formerly Przepiorken).
From 1932 the spelling Lissewen, which had been used in parallel for a long time, finally prevailed instead of Lyssewen.
In 1933 there were 324 inhabitants in Lissewen.
Lissewen was renamed on July 16, 1938 in the course of the massive Germanization of Masurian place names of Baltic or Slavic origin in Lissau.
In 1939, Lissau only had 294 inhabitants who lived in 45 farms and 68 houses.
After the end of the Second World War in 1945, Lissau , which was part of the German Empire ( East Prussia ) and was partially destroyed as a result of the war, fell to Poland. The resident German population, as far as they had not fled, was largely expelled or resettled after 1945 and, in addition to the traditional Masurian minority, replaced by new citizens from other parts of Poland, mainly from Bargłów in the Rajgród region. 13 long-established Masurian families stayed in the village. The place Lissau was renamed Lisewo in the Polish spelling of the place name.
From 1975 to 1998 Lisewo belonged to what was then the Suwałki Voivodeship , then joined the newly formed Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship in 1999 .
In 1978 there were only 158 people living in Lisewo. There were 29 farms in the village.
From the second half of the 19th century there is an Evangelical-Lutheran cemetery near Lisewo from the German period , which also has graves of soldiers from the First World War .
Today Lisewo is the seat of a Schulzenamt ( Polish Sołectwo ) in the association of Gmina Kalinowo in the powiat Ełcki , until 1998 part of the Suwałki Voivodeship , since then the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship .
Religions
Lyssewen was already a church village in the pre-Reformation period. The priest Jan Gostrow was commissioned to build the village.
Evangelical
Church history
The Reformation found its way into Lyssewen in the first half of the 16th century. A Lutheran clergyman was mentioned here as early as 1540 . A wooden church built here was destroyed by flames when the Tartars invaded in 1656. In the second half of the 17th century the church on the banks of the Przepiórken Lake was rebuilt, but it burned down in 1803.
A new church was not built in Lyssewen, but in 1817 in the neighboring town of Borszymmen (1938 to 1945 Borschimmen , Borzymy in Polish ) and the parish was also moved there. Until 1945 Lyssewen resp. Lissau a place in the parish Borszymmen , which belonged to the church district of Lyck in the church province of East Prussia of the church of the Old Prussian Union .
Today, the Protestant residents of Lisewo orientate themselves towards the parish in the town of Ełk , a branch of the Pisz parish ( Johannisburg in German ) in the Masurian diocese of the Evangelical-Augsburg Church in Poland .
Pastor in Lyssewen (until 1803)
The following ministers officiated at the Lyssewen church:
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Roman Catholic
Before 1945 the Catholic church members were in Lyssewen resp. Lissau parish in the Roman Catholic Church of St. Andreas in Prawdzisken (1934 to 1945 Reiffenrode , in Polish Prawdziska ) in the Diocese of Warmia . Today they belong to the parish church in Borzymy in the Diocese of Ełk of the Roman Catholic Church in Poland .
Sons and daughters of the place
- Daniel Wroblewsky (1744–1818), Polish organ builder in Denmark and Norway
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Polish Postal Code Directory 2013, p. 657
- ↑ Dietrich Lange, Geographisches Ortregister Ostpreußen (2005): Lissau
- ↑ Rolf Jehke, Borszymmen / Borschimmen district
- ^ Uli Schubert, community directory, district of Lyck
- ↑ Herbert Marzian , Csaba Kenez : self-determination for East Germany. Documentation on the 50th anniversary of the East and West Prussian referendum on July 11, 1920. Editor: Göttinger Arbeitskreis , 1970, p. 85
- ^ A b Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. District of Lyck (Lyk, Polish Elk). (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
- ↑ Gmina Kalinowo
- ↑ Walther Hubatsch : History of the Protestant Church in East Prussia. Volume 2: Pictures of East Prussian churches. Göttingen 1968, p. 123, fig. 567–568
- ↑ Walther Hubatsch: History of the Protestant Church in East Prussia. Volume 3: Documents. Göttingen 1968, p. 493
- ↑ Friedwald Moeller: Old Prussian Protestant Pastor's Book from the Reformation to the Expulsion in 1945. Hamburg 1968, p. 87
- ↑ Lyssewen