List of architectural monuments in Erlangen

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List of architectural monuments in Erlangen :

Center by street name: A  · B  · C  · D  · E  · F  · G  · H  · I  · J  · K  · L  · M  · N  · O  · P  · R  · S  · T  · U  · V  · W

Further districts: Alterlangen  · Bruck  · Büchenbach  · Dechsendorf  · Eltersdorf  · Frauenaurach  · Häusling  · Hüttendorf  · Kosbach  · Kriegenbrunn  · Schallershof  · Sieglitzhof  · Steudach  · Tennenlohe

Erlangen coat of arms

The monuments of the Central Franconian city of Erlangen are compiled on this page . This table is a partial list of the list of architectural monuments in Bavaria . The basis is the Bavarian Monument List , which was first drawn up on the basis of the Bavarian Monument Protection Act of October 1, 1973 and has since been managed by the Bavarian State Office for Monument Preservation . The following information does not replace the legally binding information from the monument protection authority.

In addition to the ensembles listed here, individual architectural monuments are listed in partial lists, which are divided according to streets and squares in Erlangen's city center as well as to incorporated districts.

The list of monuments in Bavaria is accessible to the public via the “Bavarian Monument Atlas” ( see below ) and has been available since January 2012 as a list.

Ensembles

Ensemble Altstadt / Neustadt

File number E-5-62-000-1

Erlangen is an excellent example of baroque urban architecture in Germany. After the destruction of equal-ranking urban facilities in Potsdam , Karlsruhe , Mannheim and Dresden - Neustadt , Erlangen's historical area is of unique importance. The ensemble Altstadt / Neustadt Erlangen encompasses the area that is surrounded by the preserved z. Partly visible remains of the city wall or police wall or streets that follow their former guidance.

The village settlement of Erlangen, acquired by Emperor Charles IV in 1361 , elevated to the status of a town and expanded into a base in his New Bohemian province, came to the Burgraves of Nuremberg in 1402 and thus to the Bayreuth Margraviate of the Franconian Hohenzollern , who introduced the Reformation in 1528 . The surrounding area and the basic structure of this medieval settlement with its market and its parish church, which was renovated in 1711, on the high bank above Regnitz and Schwabachgrund can still be seen in today's urban structure.

The Huguenot fountain in the palace garden and the margravial palace built between 1700 and 1704

Absolutist - mercantilist considerations prompted Margrave Christian Ernst to accept French refugees from 1686 and to found a new town south of the medieval town (old town) and have it laid out by his court architect Johann Moritz Richter . The city plan is a system strictly governed by right angles. It is made up of a main axis that first runs through the square palace or market square and then through the rectangular Huguenot Square in a north-south direction, both of which are distinguished by monumental buildings, and parallel and perpendicular secondary axes. With closed rows of similar, but by no means uniform, town houses, as strictly eaves - sided two-storey plastered and sandstone blocks with an economical design of the facades, these rectangles were built over like blocks. The corner houses often had three storeys and, with their larger dimensions, frame the block fronts like pillars. In the Neustadt area, the corner buildings were also designed as three-storey topping-out houses, slightly protruding from the escape, with large dwelling houses , sometimes with pilaster structures on the facades. The elevated central accent houses that also step in front of the block alignment also serve to create a fine rhythm of the urban structure. The location of the castle and the castle park , since 1700, was subject to the law of the town plan.

The Stutterheim Palace, built between 1728 and 1730

When the Huguenot immigration was followed by an influx of Reformed religious refugees from Switzerland around 1700 , expansion was made in “Neu-Erlang” to the south and east of Huguenot Square according to Richter's concept. This growth was able to follow on from the buildings already being built there by the knight academy founded in 1696 and developed mainly west-eastwards, along the new large transverse axis of Friedrichstrasse . After the French Reformed congregation was able to gather in the new church on Hugenottenplatz and the Neustädter Lutheran congregation in the Sophienkirche belonging to the Knight's Academy, the Neustädter parish church of the Lutherans and the Christ Church of the German Reformed; In addition, a number of Frankish Protestant noble families settled and built city ​​palaces , especially since "Christian Erlang" was officially raised to the rank of sixth royal seat in 1708 . After the fire in the medieval old town in 1706, it was rebuilt based on the model of the new town; the type of Erlangen unit house remained binding, individuality is only expressed in nuances. The 19th century also essentially stayed within the city walls. Partly also in the new building areas east of the palace gardens, the Erlangen building tradition of the 18th century. On the edge of the court garden, however, the large-scale buildings from the early days of the university , which had existed in Erlangen since 1743, brought about major changes in the character of the urban structure in this area. These buildings are today z. T. architectural monuments, the majority of them can be defined as a separate ensemble that specifically illustrates recent historical processes. The city gates were removed between 1865 and 1869, the Nuremberg Gate in 1945; the medieval city walls and the customs wall of the 18th century, together with the layout of the city, reveal the old city limits. Today's university and industrial city of Erlangen presents itself as a monument to baroque urban architecture, despite major recent interventions (e.g. disruption by high-rise buildings Dechsendorfer Straße 2, 21/2) in the historical structure.

Ensemble Burgberg

File number E-5-62-000-7

The medieval Burgberg chapel

The Burgberg ensemble combines the most important monuments in the history of transport in the Kingdom of Bavaria under King Ludwig I with the Burgberg , a popular destination for excursions since the 18th century , where both garden houses and cellars invite you to linger. Eventually the castle hill developed into a conveniently located villa and residential area. A historical relic from the time before this development is the small Burgbergkapelle ( Bayreuther Straße 38), which was originally built in the 15th century, and the former infirmary located next to it , which was on the site of a medieval building that was already occupied in the 14th century was probably rebuilt in the 17th century. Such a juxtaposition of a chapel and infirmary on an arterial road - to Bayreuth - is also a monument to earlier traffic history, all the more history as important monuments of modern traffic history were located here very close. The Burgberg also includes the oldest railway tunnel in Bavaria, which was built in 1841/44 for the oldest and most important Bavarian state railway line, the Ludwig-Süd-Nord-Bahn , as well as the canal monument from 1846. The latter has lost its reference to its original location, Nevertheless, the monument to Leo von Klenze and Ludwig von Schwanthaler still reminds of the old artificial waterway, the Ludwig Canal , which passed here. Water and underground structures are to a certain extent characteristics of the castle hill. The late baroque garden houses could also include a well system, as in Schunck's garden with the garden house from 1797, so the rock cellars are among the popular excursion restaurants among the citizens and students.

Garden house on the castle hill

Above ground, the setting of the Bergkirchweih is a special area of ​​the ensemble, characterized by former garden houses, to which, however, the invisible parts that belong to and which also form the setting include the rock cellars of the beer breweries. The Bergkirchweih, the name of which has been documented since 1814, goes back to a festival revived by a council resolution of 1755, the Whitsun Market on the area around the Old Town shooting house. The beer cellars of the various Erlangen breweries, which had been set up 50 years earlier, ensured that the visitors were supplied with drinks. And finally, the place of the shooting house points to the royal shooting of the old town riflemen as another starting point of the festival, which proves the historicity of this place as an important area of ​​the castle hill. Further to the east, the penetration of the historical foundations of the castle hill continues as an ensemble. The former Welsgarten on today's Welsweg was originally a popular excursion destination, but since the development of rental villas from 1900 onwards it has been part of the residential development at the turn of the century, which characterizes the castle hill as a further element.

The city of Erlangen provided for further development with villas with the construction of a water tower in 1905, as this ensured the water supply for the new residential area, which was only later connected to the entire city network. This means that the construction activity of private investors is linked to municipal services. The villa or rental villa development at the turn of the century is mostly characterized by the picturesque architectural style, which is characterized by half-timbered elements . This also includes the representative neo-renaissance building by Hans Erlwein , which was built in 1903 at Rathsberger Strasse 20 for the Baruthia Corps . Thus, also in the development of the turn of the century it becomes evident that the history as a university town belongs to the historical dimension of Erlangen.

Finally, the oak forest joins the eastern foot of the castle hill. In the oak forest, which keeps the development of Rathsberger Straße free from the south, a monument was erected in 1910 to commemorate 100 years of belonging to the Kingdom of Bavaria. The Burgberg is thus permeated with relationships to the city's history as well as to modern affiliation with Bavaria.

Ensemble building cooperative settlement

File number E-5-62-000-3

Residential buildings of the housing cooperative settlement on Nürnberger Strasse

The ensemble includes the multi-family housing complex of the housing cooperative settlement on Nürnberger Strasse between Hilpertstrasse and Schenkstrasse and Rathenaustrasse, as well as the family houses to the west of it.

The building cooperative settlement began in 1913 with a picturesquely grouped building complex distinguished by half-timbered elements south of the Schenkstrasse confluence. The continuation in the 1920s initially still shows historicizing forms of construction, as the opposite Baroque individual buildings from 1925/26 with their connecting gates show. The following buildings were then determined by the forms of New Objectivity , both the blocks built by Emil Zerler in 1927/28 to the east of Nürnberger Strasse and the large, structured block to the west with the characteristic clinker brick elements , the horizontal and vertical ribbon windows.

The settlement complex to the west behind it with single-family houses as a villa or as a semi- detached or terraced house shows forms of a sober architecture that is partly influenced by expressionist forms. These houses, built from 1924/25 onwards, are characteristically hidden behind the large residential complexes facing the main thoroughfare. The layout of the settlement with curved lines of flight and the kinking course of the street, including the house gardens, reveals the idea of ​​the garden city movement .

With the establishment of a restaurant with the significant name “Volksgarten”, the settlement received one of the most important elements of a cohesive settlement area. Overall, the settlement - built by the Erlangen building cooperative with the participation of the state, the city of Erlangen and Volksfürsorge - is a social monument of "cooperative power and unity".

Ensemble Am Röthelheim / Schenkstrasse / Österreicher Strasse

File number E-5-62-000-2

This is a closed settlement from the beginning of the city expansion to the south, after 1920. A two-storey perimeter development of residential houses combined into groups, partly connected to one another by walls with ogival gates, enclose a different type of core development that belongs to Schenkstrasse. This is closed in the south and north by an archway and consists of ground floor terraced house groups with developed attics. The system was originally at least partially urban, as the name on the back of the northern archway shows: "Stadtgemeinde Erlangen 1927". From the urban planning concept, as far as the different house types and their allocation are concerned, motifs can be recognized that place the complex in the succession of the garden city movement that emerged at the beginning of the century.

Ensemble Bismarckstrasse / Lorlebergplatz / Ostliche Universitätsstrasse

File number E-5-62-000-4

The ensemble includes the eastern part of Universitätsstrasse , which leads from the city wall to Lorlebergplatz, and the area of Bismarckstrasse, which is uniformly built with neo-Renaissance apartment buildings .

This Wilhelminian city expansion can be seen as the first independent decision in Erlangen's urban planning. It was designed in 1886 and implemented from 1889 to 1895. It adapts to the baroque city layout, but has a counterpoint that is characteristic of the 19th century with the circular Lorlebergplatz - formerly with the Kaiser Wilhelm monument - compared to the baroque city structure. This square also forms an articulation point for the course of the road. While the extension of Universitätsstraße, one of the west-east main axes of the baroque city complex, merges harmoniously into the Wilhelminian-style quarter, Bismarckstraße swings north of Lorlebergplatz onto the grid system of the Neustadt.

The development of Universitätsstraße was carried out in the open construction method with monumental university buildings in neo-baroque and neo-renaissance surrounded by gardens (see Ensemble Altstadt / Neustadt - see Universitätsstraße). Bismarckstrasse and Lorlebergplatz are lined with neo-Renaissance tenement houses. Three-storey buildings predominate in all areas; brick facades with sandstone structures were preferred.

The ensemble is an excellent example of a Wilhelminian style, successful urban expansion, which was built on according to uniform design principles.

Ensemble Universitätsstrasse

File number E-5-62-000-5

The Kollegienhaus in Universitätsstrasse, built between 1886 and 1889

The street is one of the west-east main axes of the baroque city complex, which touches the southern palace garden. After a closed civil development in the Neustadt comes its characteristic ensemble area. Beginning with the Kollegienhaus and the Old University Library, monumental university buildings from the late 19th century in neo-renaissance and neo-baroque style, mostly surrounded by gardens, are followed by some new buildings.

In its eastern part, the street leads harmoniously into the Wilhelminian-style district of Lorlebergplatz, where it is characterized by the development of neo-renaissance apartment buildings. The small houses in Krankenhausstrasse 5 and 7, which work into the street scene, still document the type of development in this area in the 18th century. New building at No. 23 does not fit into the street scene.

Ensemble Fürther Straße (Bruck district)

File number E-5-62-000-6

The Fürther Straße ensemble comprises the main street of the town first mentioned in 1282 and named as the parish seat in 1358 above the right bank of the Regnitz and at the old river crossing to the former Frauenaurach monastery . The street - formerly Herrengasse - with its farmhouses and formerly so numerous inns is bordered in the north by the Brucker Mühle and in the south by the feudal palace of the Lords of Geuder and has well preserved the building stock , which mostly originated from the 18th century. In the town center, which is also characterized by a linden tree planted in 1721 , the late Gothic parish church, a sandstone block building with a pointed helmeted choir tower , sets the defining accent; the building also has an effect far into the Regnitz lowlands. In the inner structure of the place, the sandstone property walls have an essential part in the appearance of the place.

Ensemble Siemens Research Center (Bruck district)

File number E-5-62-000-9

The site of the Siemens Research Center, built between 1959 and 1964 according to plans by the Munich architect Hans Maurer in collaboration with the construction department of Siemens-Schuckertwerke , forms an ensemble as an early implementation of a campus facility in Germany. The research center with its urban development, the buildings, the green and water areas and the park sculptures is designed as a uniform overall concept. It also shows the architectural reorientation of the Siemens company after the Second World War , which is expressed here through the use of North American models.

In the course of an intensified expansion of the locations, the reinvigorated Siemens-Schuckertwerke began intensive construction work in Erlangen in the 1950s. Initially, administrative buildings were built in the area close to the center, and from the end of the 1950s physical and chemical research facilities were also built. The research center on Paul-Gossen-Straße and Günther-Scharowsky-Straße is lined up along a west-east-oriented street axis with cubic flat roof buildings. The modular structure of the facility with large spaces and small courtyards is criss-crossed with spacious green areas. The structures are varied in their dimensions, materials and arrangement. The designs of these laboratory and office buildings range from broad or round low-rise buildings to seven-story high - rise buildings . The central area is the glazed, cubic high-rise building with a contrasting, almost sculptural plasma physics building and a cooling pond in front, which are registered as individual monuments.

With the system for the Siemens research center, Maurer created a combination of a campus system with a large central building. Based on the model of modern American university buildings, an urban development system was created here, which pursued a holistic approach with the neighboring housing estate, the production facilities and the nature involved. The original plan provided for further buildings to the west and north. The research center is also an example of a corporate identity for the globally operating company Siemens, which made architecture an important distinguishing feature.

See also

Remarks

  1. ↑ This list may not correspond to the current status of the official list of monuments. The latter can be viewed on the Internet as a PDF using the link given under web links and is also mapped in the Bavarian Monument Atlas . Even these representations, although they are updated daily by the Bavarian State Office for Monument Preservation , do not always and everywhere reflect the current status. Therefore, the presence or absence of an object in this list or in the Bavarian Monument Atlas does not guarantee that it is currently a registered monument or not. The Bavarian List of Monuments is also an information directory. The property of a monument - and thus the legal protection - is defined in Art. 1 of the Bavarian Monument Protection Act (BayDSchG) and does not depend on the mapping in the Monument Atlas and the entry in the Bavarian Monument List. Objects that are not listed in the Bavarian Monument List can also be monuments if they meet the criteria according to Art. 1 BayDSchG. Early involvement of the Bavarian State Office for Monument Preservation according to Art. 6 BayDSchG is therefore necessary in all projects.

literature

Web links

Commons : Architectural monuments in Erlangen  - Collection of images, videos and audio files