List of stumbling blocks in Witten

The list of stumbling blocks in Witten contains the 108 stumbling blocks that were laid by Gunter Demnig in Witten as part of the art project of the same name . They are intended to commemorate the victims of National Socialism who lived and worked in Witten.

history

In the early 2000s, the Herbede homeland association suggested laying stumbling blocks in Witten. The Witten Peace Forum also called for the laying of stumbling blocks to commemorate the individual victims of the National Socialists. At the beginning of 2013, the Lions Club Witten Rebecca Hanf reopened the discussion and went public. In September 2013, the city ​​council approved the relocation by a large majority. At the end of 2013, a “Stolpersteine ​​working group” was founded from various initiatives, associations, schools, parishes and the Witten city archive . A voluntary coordination office with regular office hours has been set up in the city archive. On April 4, 2014, the first 18 stones were finally moved to four addresses.

On December 10, 2014, 19 more stumbling blocks followed in eight locations. On December 19, a traveling exhibition on the Stolpersteine ​​laid in Witten, consisting of 16 panels, was presented to the public for the first time. On March 2, 2015, 13 stumbling blocks were laid in Herbede .

In November 2015, another 15 stumbling blocks were laid in Stockum , Annen and the city ​​center .

In November 2016, the city archives and the “Stolpersteine ​​working group in Witten” published a printed city map with the 65 stumbling stones that had been laid by then.

In December 2016, another 14 stumbling blocks were laid at four locations in Herbede and Witten-Mitte.

In May 2017 a further 11 stumbling blocks were laid at five locations in Rüdinghausen , Annen and Witten-Mitte. Gunter Demnig then gave a lecture “Stumbling blocks - traces and paths” in the Witten library .

On November 12, 2019, 18 more stumbling blocks were laid at six locations in Herbede and Witten-Mitte.

List of stumbling blocks

 Map with all coordinates: OSM | WikiMap

image	person	Laying date	location	description
	Moritz Hemp (1858)	0Apr 4, 2014	Parkweg 14	Villa hemp Moritz and Rebecca Hanf Stumbling blocks in front of the Villa Hanf Rebecca and Moritz Hanf had seven children and were very wealthy. Moritz Hanf ran a bank founded by his father until 1904. Since then he has lived on his fortune. He worked as a city councilor for decades. During the Reichspogromnacht , several people appeared at Villa Parkweg 14 , locked Rebecca and Moritz Hanf. Her son Ernst Hanf was shown around town barefoot in his nightgown. Attempts were made to chase him into the burning synagogue. The furniture and all windows of the villa were destroyed and the family asked to vacate the property by the next morning. They moved to live with relatives in Aachen and later fled to the Netherlands . In order to pay the Reich flight tax and the Jewish property tax, Moritz Hanf had to turn over all of his property. He died in the occupied Netherlands in 1943. Rebecca Hanf was deported to Auschwitz in 1944 and murdered.
	Rebecca Hemp (1863)
	Otto Hanf (1889)
	Ernst Hanf (1899)
	Dorothea Hanf (1900)
	Gretchen Rosenthal (1891)
	Joshua Summer (1869)	0Apr 4, 2014	Ruhrstrasse 40	House Ruhrstrasse 40 Stumbling blocks in front of the house at Ruhrstrasse 40 Josua Sommer and his sister-in-law Sybilla owned a furniture store at Hauptstrasse 5 and the house at Ruhrstrasse 40 . During the Reichspogromnacht the shop and the house were devastated. Due to the ordinance to eliminate Jews from German economic life , the furniture store was closed by mid-September 1939. In February 1939 Josua and Irma Sommer sold their house on Ruhrstrasse. In 1941 Josua Sommer had to go to the Jewish house . In 1942 Josua Sommer and his wife Henriette were deported to Theresienstadt concentration camp and murdered in Treblinka in 1942 .
	Henriette Sommer (1875)
	Kurt Sommer (1906)
	Sybilla Summer (1871)	17th Dec 2016
	Lotte Joseph (1906)
	Felix Joseph (1905)
	Rosa Klein (1861)	0Apr 4, 2014	Oberstrasse 7	Today's house at Oberstrasse 7, the foundations preserved Stumbling blocks in front of the house at Oberstrasse 7 In 1921, Herbert Klein took over his father's horse butcher's shop at Oberstrasse 7-9 . During the Reichspogromnacht, the store's furnishings were completely destroyed. Herbert Klein asked his friend Fritz Korten for help. The next day, Fritz Korten’s son Fritz Korten junior took over the management of the business. In May 1940 he also bought the house. The houses opposite Oberstrasse 4–6 belonged to Rosa Klein , Herbert Klein's mother. In 1938 Rosa Klein sold the houses below the standard value and moved to Berlin, from where she was deported to Theresienstadt concentration camp and murdered in 1942. Herbert Klein was deported to Zamość with his wife and two daughters in 1942 and murdered. Description as audio file (MP3; 5.4 MB)
	Herbert Klein (1890)
	Betty Klein (1907)
	Juliane Klein (1929)
	Ruth Klein (1931)
	Hermann Strauss (1876)	0Apr 4, 2014	Beethovenstrasse 7	Today's house at Beethovenstrasse 7 Stumbling blocks in front of the house at Beethovenstrasse 7 Hermann Strauss ran a furniture business in the family's own house at Beethovenstrasse 7 (then Bismarckstrasse), which he gave up before the seizure of power . Hermann Strauss was the first chairman of the Jewish community in Witten until the end and as such was particularly targeted by the Nazis. The family's apartment was demolished during the Reichspogromnacht. The house was sold in 1941. In 1942 Hermann Strauss and his wife Emma were deported to the Theresienstadt concentration camp and murdered in Treblinka that same year . The house was destroyed in World War II.
	Emma Strauss (1874)
	Julius Stern (1881)
	Margarete Stern (1891)
	Siegmund Mühlhaus (1926)	Dec 10, 2014	Crossing Siegfriedstrasse / Steinbachstrasse	Stumbling blocks at the crossing Siegfriedstrasse / Steinbachstrasse Siegmund Mühlhaus was drafted into the Reich Labor Service in August 1943 after completing his commercial training and joined the Wehrmacht in mid-July 1944 . After three months of basic training , he was deployed in France from the end of October 1944 . He deserted with a friend from his company on November 17, 1944. Mühlhaus returned to Witten and hid with his parents. After a denunciation to the leader of the NSDAP local group Annen, the house was surrounded by the Annener Volkssturm on April 6, 1945 . The men searched the house and brought Siegmund Mühlhaus, his mother and another woman to the Lindemann restaurant on Siegfriedstrasse for interrogation. After an eight-hour interrogation, the Volkssturm men drove Mühlhaus to Salinger Feld around midnight . There they hold a stand trial , shot the 19-year-old and buried his body in a bomb crater .
	Wilhelm Mühlhaus (1901)	Nov 25, 2015
	Katharina Mühlhaus (1903)
	Louis Schacher (1874)	Dec 10, 2014	Ardeystrasse 70	Today's house at Ardeystraße 70 (built 1974) Stumbling blocks in front of the house at Ardeystraße 70 Louis Schacher founded a junk shop around 1900, which he expanded into a scrap wholesale business over the years . In 1904 he married Mathilde Cohn . The couple had three daughters, Grete , Ilse and Anna . In 1911 they moved into the house at Ardeystraße 70 , which they bought, as did later the house at Ardeystraße 68 . Grete Schacher moved to Emden in 1927 , got married there and emigrated with her husband. Ilse Schacher was able to emigrate to Venice in 1935 and from there later to the USA. Anna Schacher emigrated to the USA in 1937. Because of the boycott of “Jewish” companies, the scrap trade has declined since 1933. Louis Schacher therefore sold his company and the house at Ardeystraße 68 in 1937. On November 9, 1939, the National Socialists broke into the Schacher's apartment and destroyed a large part of the household effects. The following month the Schacher couple sold their house at Ardeystraße 30. They tried to emigrate to America, but they did not succeed. In February 1942 they were assigned to the " Judenhaus " at Hauptstrasse 63 and in the summer of 1942 they were deported to the Theresienstadt concentration camp . Louis Schacher died there on August 3, 1942. Mathilde Schacher was brought to Auschwitz on October 9, 1942 and murdered.
	Ilse Schacher (1908)
	Mathilde Schacher (1883)
	Ivan Fulda (1892)
	Grete Fulda (1902)
	Paul Benjamin (1899)
	Anna Lotte Benjamin (1905)
	Adolf Fuchs	Dec 10, 2014	Johannisstrasse 37	House Johannisstrasse 37 Memorial plaque on the house at Breite Strasse 75 Adolf Fuchs worked in Witten from 1910, first as a printer , then as a journalist and typesetter . As head of the newspaper “Wittener Volkswacht”, he sharply opposed the National Socialists in his articles . From 1924 he was chairman of the Witten SPD . Following death threats, he fled to Saarland in early March 1933 and to France in 1935 . The Gestapo picked him up after the German invasion of France and took him to the Drancy assembly camp . In 1942 he was deported to Auschwitz concentration camp and murdered. His wife and four children survived in France.
	Christian Bliemetsrieder	Dec 10, 2014	Koernerstrasse 25	Today's house at Körnerstraße 34 (built 1953) Christian Bliemetsrieder joined the KPD in the 1920s . He was the director of the shawm band of the anti-fascist Kampfbund Witten and one of the most important activists of the unemployment movement in Witten. In February 1933, Christian Bliemetsrieder was arrested for the first time and for a few days in "Tears cellar," the SS -Wache in the Schiller School in protective custody taken before coming to the police prison Bochum was transferred. He was only released from there in June 1933, but arrested again a few days later and taken to the "tear cellar". He was beaten again in an attic of the Schiller School and exposed to mock executions . Although this time he was held in the "tear cellar" for only about twelve hours, he was so badly mistreated that he became mentally ill and sustained a brain injury which resulted in him going blind at Christmas 1933, and in the following years repeatedly hospitalized had to be and finally died on August 7, 1938.
	Markus Smulowicz (1885)	Dec 10, 2014	Lessingstrasse 6	House Lessingstrasse 6 Stumbling blocks in front of the house at Lessingstrasse 6 Markus Smulowicz moved to Witten in 1916. In 1919 he was followed by his wife Anna with their children Willy and Hilde . Markus Smulowicz founded an agency for textile goods in the same year. Hilde moved to Berlin in November 1937 . From there she emigrated to the USA before the war began . Willy emigrated to Sweden in 1938 , married there and moved to Israel in 1949 . During the Reichspogromnacht , members of the NSDAP broke into Anna and Markus Smulowicz's apartment and destroyed the furniture. In December 1938 Markus Smulowicz had to stop his business. The couple signed up for Cologne in May 1939 . From there, Anna and Markus Smulowicz were deported to the Minsk ghetto on July 20, 1942 and murdered in Maly Trostinec .
	Anna Smulowicz (1891)
	Willi Smulowicz (1913)
	Hilde Smulowicz (1917)
	Anna Marx (1886)	Dec 10, 2014	Nordstrasse 23	House Nordstrasse 23 Stumbling blocks in front of the house at Nordstrasse 23 Anna Marx lived with her two daughters Marianne and Elisabeth at Nordstrasse 23 . Elisabeth emigrated to Brussels and got married there. Marianne emigrated to Johannesburg in 1936 . During the night of the Reichspogrom , SA men broke into Anna Marx's house, mistreated her and smashed a large part of the furniture. Anna Marx then fled to Berlin and a year later to Brussels to her daughter Elisabeth. On September 15, 1942, Anna Marx and Elisabeth Vankelecom were deported to Auschwitz and murdered.
	Marianne Marx (1909)
	Elisabeth Vankelecom (1911)
	Wilhelm Erdmann (1900)	Dec 10, 2014	Broad Street 40	House Breite Strasse 40 Wilhelm Erdmann was a member of the SPD in 1920/21 , then of the NSDAP in 1930 , and of the Communist Party of Germany from 1932 . In 1929 he moved into his mother's apartment at 40 Breite Strasse . In February 1932 he went hiking. From the mid-1930s he was appointed as homosexuals persecuted and by a Bochum Criminal Court to three years in prison sentenced, he was serving in full by July 1, 1939th He was then ordered by the Bochum criminal investigation immediately into protective custody and taken to the on 27 July 1939 Buchenwald deported from there on April 15, 1940 in the Mauthausen concentration camp and on August 14, 1940 in the Dachau concentration camp . Erdmann did not survive this imprisonment; he died on February 17, 1941 of “cardiovascular failure”.
	Friedrich Wilhelm Espenhahn	Dec 10, 2014	Herbeder Strasse 28	St. Francis, formerly St. Joseph Friedrich Wilhelm Espenhahn worked as a sexton and organist in the St. Joseph parish (today St. Franziskus ). On November 28, 1941, he was denounced for criticizing the NSDAP and its government after he had remarked to an acquaintance in an inn on Herbeder Strasse that the accidental death of the well-known fighter pilot Mölders had been arranged by the Nazi side be. Friedrich Wilhelm Espenhahn was arrested by the Gestapo together with his wife , but his wife was released. On March 1, 1942, the Dortmund Special Court in Bochum sentenced him to two years in prison under the treachery law . Shortly afterwards, his family received news that he had hanged himself in his prison cell on March 4, 1942.
	Salomon Sally Grünebaum (1885)	02nd Mar 2015	At the mountain 3	Today's house Am Berge 3 Stumbling blocks at Haus Am Berge 3 Salomon "Sally" Grünebaum traded in waste paper and rabbit fur . He and his wife Berta were deported via Theresienstadt to Auschwitz on February 28, 1943 and murdered. Her daughter Betty fled to Bridgwater in July 1939 on a transport of Jewish youth . She died in Birmingham in 1984 . Her cousin Arthur Grünebaum was sent to the Paderborn retraining camp in 1940 . Like all inmates of the camp, he was deported to Auschwitz in 1943 and murdered. The miner Moritz Rosengarten , his wife Emma and their daughter Dorothea were also murdered in Auschwitz. In the early 1980s, the former Kotten Am Berge 3 was demolished.
	Berta Grünebaum (1880)
	Betty Grünebaum (1914)
	Moritz Rosengarten (1891)
	Emma Rose Garden (1889)
	Dorothea Rosengarten (1916)
	Artur Grünebaum (1917)
	Isak rose garden (1875)	02nd Mar 2015	Kirchstrasse 31	Today's house at Kirchstrasse 31 Stumbling blocks in front of the house at Kirchstrasse 31 The miner and traveling trader Isak Rosengarten and his wife Ida were deported to the Theresienstadt concentration camp in July 1942. Isak Rosengarten died there, Ida Rosengarten survived. Her daughters Helene and Lieselotte were able to flee to the USA. Her brother Leo , a well-known wrestler in Herbede , escaped to Great Britain via the Netherlands in 1939 . His brother Arthur was murdered in the Majdanek extermination camp in August 1942 . His sister Herta was deported to the Zamość camp, where she was also murdered.
	Ida rose garden (1878)
	Leo Rose Garden (1903)
	Helene Rosengarten (1909)
	Herta Rose Garden (1911)
	Lieselotte Rose Garden (1914)
	Hugo Rosenthal (1881)	Nov 25, 2015	326 Hörder Strasse	House Hörder Strasse 326 Stumbling blocks in front of the house at Hörder Straße 326
	Laura Rosenthal (1887)
	Hans Jakob Rosenthal (1914)
	Hanna Rosenthal (1921)
	Paul Stern (1876)	Nov 25, 2015	District road 3	House at Kreisstrasse 3 Stumbling blocks in front of the house at Kreisstrasse 3
	Rosalie Stern (1878)
	Helene Stern (1905)
	Werner Stern (1911)
	Erich Stern (1914)
	Erich Scheer (1919)	Nov 25, 2015	Louboutin 117	House 117 The 20-year-old postman Erich Scheer pasted up self-made posters and notes against the war and against Hitler in Witten and Annen in September 1939 . He was caught by chance in November 1939. Erich Scheer was beheaded in Berlin on December 22, 1939.
	Pink rose tree (1884)	Nov 25, 2015	Mozartstrasse 12	House Mozartstrasse 12 Stumbling blocks in front of the house at Mozartstrasse 12
	Nelli Katz (1908)
	Heinz-Günther Katz (1934)
	Gustav Eichenwald (1881)	17th Dec 2016	Meesmannstrasse 35	Today's house at Meesmannstrasse 35 Stumbling blocks in front of the house at Meesmannstrasse 35
	Emma Eichenwald (1880)
	Grete Eichenwald (1911)
	Max Mayer (1873)	17th Dec 2016	Parkweg 1	House Parkweg 1 Stumbling blocks in front of the Parkweg 1 building
	Rahel Mayer (1871)
	Samuel Leiser (1877)	17th Dec 2016	Ruhrstrasse 19	House Ruhrstrasse 19 Stumbling blocks in front of the house at Ruhrstrasse 19
	Betty Leiser (1899)
	Hannelore Leiser (1926)
	Dina Mayer (1881)
	Kurt Mayer (1905)
	Irma Mayer (1907)
	Louis Neugarten	May 22, 2017	Brunebecker Strasse 53	House at Brunebecker Strasse 53 Stumbling blocks in front of the house at Brunebecker Strasse 53
	Rosa new garden
	Ilse Neugarten
	Rolf Neugarten
	Ludwig Fels	May 22, 2017	Im Wullen 75	Stinshoff farm, Im Wullen 75
	Erich Reising	May 22, 2017	Steinstrasse 12	House Steinstrasse 12/14 Erich Reising was born in Witten in 1908. From 1934 he worked as an independent ticket seller at fairs. With its 1935 acquired Volksempfänger he heard the German service of Radio Moscow and learned so that Germany conjure up a war. Together with neighbors, he jotted down the messages in order to print them on leaflets. After his wife denounced him, he was arrested by the Gestapo in 1936 . He was sentenced to prison for high treason and was assigned to the 999 Penal Battalion after his release . As a soldier he died of typhus in 1943 .
	Ludwig (Louis) Rosenbaum	May 22, 2017	Koernerstrasse 34	House Körnerstrasse 34 Stumbling blocks in front of the house at Körnerstrasse 34
	Elly Rosenbaum
	Fritz Rosenbaum
	David Wilzig	May 22, 2017	Berliner Strasse 28	House at Berliner Strasse 28 Stumbling blocks in front of the house at Berliner Strasse 28
	Rosalie Wilzig
	Siegfried Rosenberg	Nov 12, 2019	Gerberstrasse 6	Stumbling blocks in front of the former house at Gerberstrasse 6
	Selma Rosenberg
	Star of david	Nov 12, 2019	Gerberstrasse 9	House Gerberstrasse 9 Stumbling blocks in front of the house at Gerberstrasse 9
	Pink star
	Use Stern
	Mathilde Adele beer
	Alma Grünebaum
	Josef Kaufmann	Nov 12, 2019	Steinstrasse 25	House Steinstrasse 25 Stumbling blocks in front of the house at Steinstrasse 25
	Helene Kaufmann
	Theodor Katz
	Martha Katz
	Alfred Felix Katz
	Liesel Katz
	Berta Wilzig	Nov 12, 2019	Lutherstrasse 25	House Lutherstrasse 25
	Theodor Schacher	Nov 12, 2019	Lutherstrasse 34	House Lutherstrasse 34 Stumbling blocks in front of the house at Lutherstrasse 34
	Martha Schacher
	Anna Elfriede Möhrke	Nov 12, 2019	Galenstrasse 24	House Galenstrasse 24 Stumbling blocks in front of the house at Galenstrasse 24
	Paul Heinrich Möhrke

See also

• Judaism in Witten
• Aryanizations in Witten

literature

• Hans-Christian Dahlmann: "Aryanization" and society in Witten. How the population of a city in the Ruhr area took over the property of its Jews . 2nd Edition. Lit Verlag, Münster 2007, ISBN 978-3-8258-5662-5 ( reviews and excerpts, some as audio files [accessed on September 17, 2017]).
• Martina Kliner-Lintzen, Siegfried Pape: "... you can't forget that". Witten Jews under National Socialism . Ed .: City of Witten. 1st edition. Publishing house Dr. Dieter Winkler, Bochum 1991, ISBN 3-924517-44-4 .
• Witten city archive , Kulturforum Witten in cooperation with the “Stolpersteine ​​working group in Witten” (publisher): Stolpersteine ​​in Witten . Map. 1st edition. Witten 2016, ISBN 3-924517-44-4 .
• LG Bochum, August 27, 1946 . edited by Irene Sagel-Grande, Adelheid L. Rüter-Ehlermann, HH Fuchs, CF Rüter . In: Justice and Nazi crimes . Collection of German convictions for Nazi homicidal crimes 1945–1966 . tape XXII , no. 607 . University Press, Amsterdam 1981, pp. 501-540 ( shooting of a civilian and his son; the father for allegedly preparing a list of relevant party members for the Allies, the son because he is said to have deserted from the Wehrmacht. ( Memento from March 14, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) [accessed on June 29, 2019]).

Web links

Commons : Stolpersteine ​​in Witten  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

• stolpersteine.eu
• History card stumbling blocks
• Witten stumbling blocks in Wikidata
• Stolpersteine ​​working group in Witten on Facebook
• Stumbling blocks in Witten at the Witten City Archives
• Video: Christoph Ebner from the Stolpersteine ​​working group in Witten on YouTube , Pulse of Europe , July 2, 2017

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b} City Archives Witten Culture Forum Witten in cooperation with the "Working Group stumbling blocks in Witten" (Ed.): Stumbling blocks in Witten . Map. 1st edition. Witten 2016, ISBN 3-924517-44-4 .
2. ↑ Cornelia Mattern: Art object “Stumbling blocks” for Witten too? Witten city magazine, April 2013, accessed on April 6, 2014 . 
3. ↑ memorial plaques. Witten commemorates victims of the Nazi era with “stumbling blocks”. Ruhr Nachrichten , September 24, 2013, accessed on January 20, 2018 . 
4. ↑ Office hours for the Stolpersteine ​​project in the city archive. Witten City Archives , December 2013, archived from the original on March 23, 2017 ; accessed on March 22, 2017 . 
5. ↑ Today the first 18 stumbling blocks are being laid . In: WAZ . April 4, 2014.
6. ↑ Britta Bingmann: The first 18 stumbling blocks in Witten have been laid. WAZ, April 4, 2014, accessed December 1, 2016 . 
7. ↑ Thomas Nitsche: Stumbling blocks. WAZ, April 4, 2014, accessed December 1, 2016 . 
8. ↑ Michael Vaupel: commemorative action. 19 new stumbling blocks laid in Witten. WAZ, December 10, 2014, accessed December 1, 2016 . 
9. ↑ Michael Vaupel: Witten. Exhibition against oblivion. WAZ, December 20, 2014, accessed December 1, 2016 . 
10. ↑ ^{a b c} Jutta Bublies: History. Stumbling blocks in Herbede are reminiscent of two Jewish families. WAZ, March 2, 2015, accessed December 1, 2016 . 
11. ^ Anna Ernst: Stumbling blocks. Memory awakens stone by stone. WAZ, November 25, 2015, accessed December 1, 2016 . 
12. ^ Britta Bingmann: City Archives. City map leads to Wittens stumbling blocks. WAZ, November 4, 2016, accessed December 1, 2016 . 
13. ↑ Stumbling blocks. Stumbling blocks keep memories of Nazi terror alive. WAZ, December 18, 2016, accessed December 18, 2016 . 
14. ↑ ^{a b} Annette Kreikenbohm: In memory. Eleven new stumbling blocks are being laid in Witten. WAZ, May 20, 2017, accessed March 9, 2018 . 
15. ↑ Elaine Cappus: Stumbling block. Artist Gunther Demnig lays 100th Stolperstein in Witten. WAZ, November 12, 2019, archived from the original on November 12, 2019 ; accessed on November 13, 2019 . 
16. ↑ Memory stones. Detailed program for the 7th laying of stumbling blocks in Witten on November 12, 2019. Witten City Archives, accessed on November 13, 2019 . 
17. ^ Hans-Christian Dahlmann: "Aryanization" and society in Witten. How the population of a city in the Ruhr area took over the property of its Jews . 2nd Edition. Lit Verlag, Münster 2007, ISBN 978-3-8258-5662-5 , pp. 107-108 .
18. ^ Hans-Christian Dahlmann: "Aryanization" and society in Witten. How the population of a city in the Ruhr area took over the property of its Jews . 2nd Edition. Lit Verlag, Münster 2007, ISBN 978-3-8258-5662-5 , pp. 159-163 .
19. ^ Hans-Christian Dahlmann: "Aryanization" and society in Witten. How the population of a city in the Ruhr area took over the property of its Jews . 2nd Edition. Lit Verlag, Münster 2007, ISBN 978-3-8258-5662-5 , pp. 109-112 .
20. ^ Stolpersteine ​​Oberstraße 7 in memory of the Jewish family Rosa, Herbert, Betty, Juliane and Ruth Klein. (PDF) Friedensforum Witten, May 11, 2014, accessed on January 4, 2015 . 
21. ^ Hans-Christian Dahlmann: "Aryanization" and society in Witten. How the population of a city in the Ruhr area took over the property of its Jews . 2nd Edition. Lit Verlag, Münster 2007, ISBN 978-3-8258-5662-5 , pp. 165-166 .
22. ↑ Joachim Schramm: Series Stolpersteine. Wittener was shot and buried. WAZ, December 5, 2014, accessed December 1, 2016 . 
23. ↑ ^{a b c d} Stolpersteine ​​in memory of Siegmund Mühlhaus, Adolf Fuchs, Christian Bliemetsrieder and Friedrich Wilhelm Espenhahn. (PDF) Friedensforum Witten, December 12, 2014, accessed on January 4, 2015 . 
24. ↑ Christoph Ebner: Series stumbling blocks. Escape to America failed. WAZ, November 25, 2014, accessed December 1, 2016 . 
25. ^ Hans-Christian Dahlmann: "Aryanization" and society in Witten. How the population of a city in the Ruhr area took over the property of its Jews . 2nd Edition. Lit Verlag, Münster 2007, ISBN 978-3-8258-5662-5 , pp. 155-156 .
26. ^ Hans-Christian Dahlmann: "Aryanization" and society in Witten. How the population of a city in the Ruhr area took over the property of its Jews . 2nd Edition. Lit Verlag, Münster 2007, ISBN 978-3-8258-5662-5 , pp. 124 .
27. ↑ Martina Kliner-Lintzen, Siegfried Pape: "... you can't forget that". Witten Jews under National Socialism . Ed .: City of Witten. 1st edition. Publishing house Dr. Dieter Winkler, Bochum 1991, ISBN 3-924517-44-4 , p. 235, 55, 15 .
28. ^ History. Memorial plaque commemorates Adolf Fuchs. WAZ, November 9, 2014, accessed December 1, 2016 . 
29. ↑ Memorial plaque against oblivion. In: Image Witten. Kathagen Media + Kommunikation, December 2014, p. 18 , archived from the original on December 26, 2014 ; accessed on March 22, 2017 . 
30. ↑ Joachim Schramm: Series Stolpersteine. Wittener suffered severe abuse in the "tear cellar". WAZ, December 2, 2014, accessed December 1, 2016 . 
31. ↑ Christoph Ebner: Series stumbling blocks. Only the children survived. WAZ, November 19, 2014, accessed December 1, 2016 . 
32. ↑ Martina Kliner-Lintzen, Siegfried Pape: "... you can't forget that". Witten Jews under National Socialism . Ed .: City of Witten. 1st edition. Publishing house Dr. Dieter Winkler, Bochum 1991, ISBN 3-924517-44-4 , p. 246-250 .
33. ↑ Christoph Ebner: Series stumbling blocks. Escape from Witten was in vain. WAZ, November 17, 2014, accessed December 1, 2016 . 
34. ^ Hans-Christian Dahlmann: "Aryanization" and society in Witten. How the population of a city in the Ruhr area took over the property of its Jews . 2nd Edition. Lit Verlag, Münster 2007, ISBN 978-3-8258-5662-5 , pp. 124 .
35. ↑ Martina Kliner-Lintzen, Siegfried Pape: "... you can't forget that". Witten Jews under National Socialism . Ed .: City of Witten. 1st edition. Publishing house Dr. Dieter Winkler, Bochum 1991, ISBN 3-924517-44-4 , p. 150-151, 269 .
36. ↑ Jürgen Wenke: Series stumbling blocks. Wittener was beaten to death. WAZ, December 1, 2014, accessed December 1, 2016 . 
37. ↑ Ursula Bösken: Stolpersteine ​​series. Wittener fell victim to the Nazi justice system after betrayal. WAZ, December 8, 2014, accessed December 1, 2016 . 
38. ↑ Stumbling blocks. Leaflets against the war. WAZ, November 18, 2015, accessed December 1, 2016 . 
39. ↑ Witten. A postman from Annen resisted the war. WAZ, August 26, 2016, accessed December 1, 2016 . 
40. ^ Two Beheaded in Germany . In: The New York Times . December 23, 1939 (English).
41. ↑ 6. Relocation in May 2017. Stolperstein relocation in Witten. Lions Club Witten Rebecca Hemp, accessed March 9, 2018 .