Munster (Kelkheim)
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Muenster
City of Kelkheim (Taunus)
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| Height : | 193 m above sea level NN |
| Area : | 5.55 km² |
| Residents : | 7128 |
| Population density : | 1,284 inhabitants / km² |
| Incorporation : | April 1, 1938 |
| Postal code : | 65779 |
| Area code : | 06195 |
Münster is the second largest and southernmost district of Kelkheim (Taunus) in Hesse . It is located at the transition from the Main Plain to the Voraunus , about 15 kilometers northwest of the city center of Frankfurt am Main . Münster has around 7000 inhabitants and, in addition to extensive residential areas, has the largest industrial area in the city of Kelkheim.
geography
Münster is the southernmost district of Kelkheim, in the north it borders on Kelkheim-Mitte . In the south and east there is Liederbach , in the west there is Hofheim . The place is located at the foot of the Taunus in the gentle valley of the Liederbach , which opens into the Main Plain (as the foothills of the Upper Rhine Plain ), and is flanked in the west and east by two mountain ranges that run south into the Main valley. The mild climate enables fruit to be grown. The place is surrounded by numerous, no longer commercially used, orchards . To the west of the village there is an extensive forest area, in the south and east there are still agricultural areas. In the catchment area of the Liederbach, which once flowed in wide meanders , there used to be wet meadows , the location of which can still be recognized from a few street names ( Mühlwiese , In den Padenwiesen ).
Local breakdown and development
The historic center of Münster is located around the Catholic parish church of St. Dionysius, southwest of the Liederbach , which makes a slight curve when coming from the north and continues to flow in a south-easterly direction. Since the Middle Ages, the development has mainly consisted of loosely arranged courtyards along today's Frankfurter Straße (also partially L3016), which runs through Münster from north to south, and which formerly connected the place with the neighboring communities of Niederhofheim (now a district of Liederbach) and Kelkheim, and represents the main thoroughfare of the Kelkheim districts of Münster and Kelkheim-Mitte. From here the Königsteiner Straße (today Alte Königsteiner Straße ), the Borngasse and the Straße Am Kirchplatz branch off , which represent the grown center of Münster. In some of these streets you can still find historical buildings, old courtyards and former handicraft businesses.
To the west, a little away from the town center, has been running the Höchst - Königstein railway line of the FKE since 1902 , on which the Kelkheim-Münster train station is also located (before the incorporation just "Münster train station", opened on February 20, 1902). The area between Frankfurter Strasse and the railway line was largely built on in the first half of the 20th century, after the incorporation of Münster in 1938 , the area towards Kelkheim began to be developed, initially mainly along Frankfurter Strasse . After the Second World War , the area west of the railway line was also increasingly used, primarily for residential buildings by Hoechst AG (Farbwerkiedlung) along Johann-Strauss-Straße .
From the 1960s onwards, the appearance of Münster was significantly changed through urban development measures. In the town center, old structures were replaced by new, multi-storey residential and commercial buildings. In addition, Frankfurter Strasse was widened in order to adapt it to the increased demands of traffic, for which some older buildings had to give way. Since this was not enough, a bypass road was built around the center. At the height of the former confluence of Borngasse with Frankfurter Straße , it branches off at right angles to the east and ends at a junction with Königsteiner Straße ( Münsterer junction ). This leads east of the village towards the south to Liederbach.
To the west of the railway line, an open-air industrial area was created in the 1970s, to which some of the craft businesses that had been in the center of the village were relocated. Larger companies also settled here. It is about the diesel road with the Frankfurter Straße connected. In addition , residential areas were built along Lorsbacher Strasse , which branches off westward from Frankfurter Strasse in the direction of Kelkheim and crosses the railway line, which are mainly built on with single-family houses. The Eichendorff Comprehensive School , which is subordinate to the Main-Taunus district , has also been located on Lorsbacher Strasse since 1971 . In the same year, a primary school was opened in the Sindlinger Wiesen on a previously undeveloped area between Kelkheim and Münster. Since then, Breslauer Strasse has been running parallel to the east of Frankfurter Strasse as a connection to Kelkheim. The same function also fulfills the Münsterer Strasse west of the railway line , the extension of Johann-Strauss-Strasse . The Sindlinger Meadows were expanded into a park at the end of the 1990s, with the Liederbach previously channeled here being renatured.
history
Early settlement
The area around Münster was already settled in the Bronze and Iron Ages, which is proven by finds in the forest near the Gundelhard excursion restaurant (on Hofheimer area), west of Münster. Burial mounds with grave goods have also been found there from the Hallstatt period. A Roman Villa Rustica , an estate, the remains of which were discovered in 1958 in a field south of the village, was located in the Münster area . The Romans operated agriculture in the valley of the Liederbach. In the 3rd century the Alamanni broke through the Limes and drove out the Romans. 260 these gave up the city of Nida and withdrew across the Rhine. In the period that followed, the Alemanni settled the region.
Munster in the Middle Ages
The town of Münster was first mentioned in a donation note, which can be calculated back to a time between 780 and 802. It is listed in the Codex Eberhardi , a list of the goods of the Fulda monastery from the 12th century. In her, the pious woman Ymina transferred her property to the Fulda monastery . These consisted of Fischbach , Kriftel , Sindlingen and Liderbach . At that time, the name Liderbach was used by both Münster and Oberliederbach and Unterliederbach , borrowed from the name of the brook on which they were all three. In the following period, in order to be able to better distinguish the places, the name Münster, for a parish church, became common for the topmost place. Because the place belonged to the Mainz Stephansstift since the Archbishop of Mainz Willigis transferred the parish of Münster to it around 990.
In the 13th century, the lords of Falkenstein (later Eppstein-Münzenberg, a branch of the Eppstein noble family ) from the nearby Falkenstein became bailiffs on the Münster estates. Around 1450 the Electorate of Mainz , in a feud with the Eppstein noble family, conquered the towns of Münster and Hofheim (it was not until 1592 that the Elector of Mainz compensated the St. Stephen's Foundation for the loss of territory it had suffered). From 1462, however, Kurmainz was weakened by the Mainz collegiate feud and from the second half of the century had to pledge the places. Münster changed hands eight times between 1396 and 1460. In 1465, the bailiwick of Münster came to the House of Eppstein , which also owned the surrounding lands (including the other districts of today's Kelkheim, as well as Eppstein , Königstein and Falkenstein). At that time the place consisted mainly of the parish, a farm (around today's Old Town Hall , which was originally built in 1789 as a mansion for the manor) and some smaller courtyards grouped around it.
Münster at the time of the Reformation
In the 15th century, the Lords of Eppstein were weakened by wars and expensive castles and had to sell parts of their lands. In 1535, Eberhard IV, the last Count of Eppstein, died without leaving any descendants. However, in order to maintain his line, he had adopted the son of his sister Anna zu Stolberg (the wife of Count Botho zu Stolberg), Heinrich zu Stolberg . The Electorate of Mainz challenged his inheritance claim to the lands of his uncle (and adoptive father) because he came from the female line (via his mother Anna) and incorporated Münster again in 1565. The lands of Kelkheim, Hornau, Königstein and Eppstein had already passed into the possession of the House of Stolberg through Anna's marriage with Botho. After Botho's death in 1538, his sons Wolfgang, Heinrich and Christoph divided up the property in an inheritance settlement on August 26, 1538. The villages fell to Christoph zu Stolberg (he also grew up at Eberhard's court and became canon of Mainz in 1538, later he was also provost of Halberstadt, where he turned to the ideas of the Reformation ). When he died childless in 1581, he bequeathed it to the Frankfurt Bartholomäusstift , which it passed on to Kurmainz for 1200 guilders . The newly acquired territories were administered by the Koenigstein Office, Münster, which had already been part of Kurmainz, was subordinate to the Hofheim Office. During the time of the Stolberg rule, the Reformation briefly gained a foothold in Münster, but it was quickly pushed back by Kurmainz.
Münster after the Thirty Years War
In the Middle Ages, the people of Münster lived mainly from agriculture, and clay was mined and processed by local brickworks. During the Thirty Years' War , imperial troops plundered Münster in 1620 , killing a large part of the population. In the following years, foreign potters (also called Häfner in the dialect of the region) settled in the village. The pottery trade continued into the 20th century, the last brick factory in Münster was closed in 1942. From 1660 to 1692 Münster belonged to Count Kraft Adolf Otto von Kronberg as a man fief, but was then again in his possession until the electorate of Mainz was dissolved in 1803. In 1782 Münster (like the other later districts of Kelkheim) was provisionally subordinated to the Königstein office. At the end of the 18th century, the Mainz Electorate was already in the process of being dissolved. In 1792 Mainz was conquered by French troops during the First Coalition War , and in 1797 after the Peace of Campo Formio, like the entire area on the left bank of the Rhine, French occupied. In 1803 the clerical electorate was dissolved as part of secularization , and Münster was assigned to the principality of Nassau-Usingen .
Münster in the 19th and 20th centuries
Nassau-Usingen merged with Nassau-Weilburg in 1806 to form the Duchy of Nassau . In 1866 the duchy was finally annexed to Prussia and converted into the province of Hesse-Nassau in 1868 . This was divided into administrative districts, Münster was subordinate to the newly founded administrative district Wiesbaden and belonged to the Mainkreis (the remaining Kelkheim districts belonged to the Obertaunuskreis ). On April 1, 1886, the Mainkreis was split into the Höchst and Wiesbaden districts ; Münster remained with Höchst. On April 1, 1928, after Höchst was incorporated into Frankfurt, the remnants of the Höchst district (as well as parts of the Wiesbaden and Obertaunus districts) were merged into the new Main-Taunus district . On April 1, 1938, the places Kelkheim, Hornau and Münster were combined to form the new town of Kelkheim . At that time, Münster had around 1700 inhabitants and has since been the second largest district after Kelkheim-Mitte. During the Second World War, Münster was also hit by bombing. Shortly after the Second World War, Münster tried to break away from Kelkheim and pointed out that, unlike Hornau, it traditionally had no administrative connection to Kelkheim, as it had belonged to other administrative districts for centuries. In addition, the Münster and Kelkheim were almost the same size, but the initiative remained without result. In the 1950s, the population of Münster grew strongly, which was due to the influx of refugees from the German eastern regions and the increased expansion of residential areas for commuters to nearby Frankfurt (especially Höchst).
coat of arms
From 1694, two years after the Electorate of Mainz had reacquired Münster from Johann Philipp von Schönborn , the Mainz wheel was also introduced as the coat of arms of Münster. It showed a white, centrally arranged, six-spoke wheel against a red background. When the Kelkheim coat of arms was redeveloped after the Second World War , reference was made to the Mainz wheel, which still exists today as part of the Kelkheim coat of arms.
Economy and Infrastructure
Public facilities
- Kelkheim swimming pool
Since the 1960s, the city of Kelkheim has been running a combined indoor and outdoor swimming pool on Lorsbacher Strasse in Münster , the roof of which could be opened when the weather was good. The construction was considered very innovative when it was completed, but soon proved to be prone to failure. The indoor pool was closed at the end of 2001 after a joint fun pool for the communities of Kelkheim, Liederbach and Hofheim was opened in neighboring Hofheim. Since then, only the outdoor pool in Münster, which was redesigned in 2006, has been used. The previous indoor pool was empty for several years, and since the end of 2006 it has been used as a commercial indoor playground under the name “Halligalli” . The new entrance area of the outdoor pool opened in 2009 after the old changing building was converted into a kindergarten and club rooms for the DLRG Kelkheim, the Kelkheim swimming club and the Kelkheim ski club.
- Munster cemetery
The old Münster cemetery is located in the south of Münster, near what is now the industrial area. A neo-Gothic chapel, now a listed building, was built on it in 1882. From the 1980s onwards, the cemetery was temporarily no longer occupied, as burials usually take place in the new Kelkheim main cemetery. However, it has been open again for exceptional cases for several years.
education
Teachers have been recorded in Münster since 1564. In 1608, Elector Johann Schweikhardt von Kronberg left a small schoolhouse in the parish churchyard. In 1813 the school was set up in the Münster town hall ( old town hall ). In 1898 a new school building was built right next to the town hall, which was in operation until 1961. This year they moved into a new school building on Lorsbacher Strasse (which is now the Anne Frank School). In 1971 the elementary school " In den Sindlinger Wiesen " opened, since 1972 the Main-Taunus-Kreis has been running the three-track Eichendorff School, a comprehensive school with secondary and secondary school and a grammar school (up to 10th grade), which was Immanuel until 2005 -Kant-Schule (IKS), a pure upper-level high school, was attached. The IKS has been integrated into the secondary school branch of the Eichendorff School since 2004.
- Eichendorff School (comprehensive school, operated by the Main-Taunus-Kreis)
- Elementary school " In the Sindlinger Wiesen "
- Anne Frank School (special school for learning assistance)
economy
In the Middle Ages, the people in Münster lived mainly from agriculture . They tended the fertile valley of the Liederbach on small farms. From the 15th century there was an estate that was managed by the leaseholders of the respective sovereign. Since the Middle Ages clay from Münster has been processed in pottery and brickworks. This industry died out in the first half of the 20th century. Another sideline was growing fruit, especially apples. Some of these were processed into the regional specialty apple wine and served in apple wine restaurants known for this (see also the Hessian apple wine and orchard route ). Today, as a relic of this trade, numerous overgrown orchards are still left. Since the beginning of the 20th century, the number of commuters to Frankfurt and Höchst, especially to the Hoechst paintworks, has increased. This was supported by the FKE railway line that was built in 1902 and connects Münster with Höchst. In some of the new development areas in Münster, special company apartments were built by Hoechst AG , which were only intended for employees of the chemical company. The furniture trade, which played a special role in the two other districts of Fischbach and Kelkheim in particular, is not to be found more often in Münster. Since the 1970s, numerous larger companies have settled in the newly created industrial park south of the village. Among them a distribution center of Schneidersöhne AG , a paper wholesaler, the German headquarters of Alcoa Inc. , the (local) Rothenberger GmbH (a company in the toolmaking industry), as well as some medium-sized craft businesses.
Culture and sights
Old Town Hall
The old town hall of Münster was built in 1789 as a mansion for the Münster estate. When the property was sold in 1812, the municipality of Münster acquired the building for 500 guilders. A classroom, an apartment for the shepherd, and a council and courtroom were set up. After the school building next to the town hall was rebuilt in 1898, one room was used as a classroom until 1937. After 1900, the local teacher and night watchman, who also worked as a gravedigger, lived in the building. A holding cell was set up on the ground floor. The town's first fire extinguisher was located in the annex. During the period of French occupation after the First World War , the building also served as a guard station for the French military. After the incorporation of Münster in 1938, the city no longer needed the town hall, from then on it was used as a residential building. In the 1960s, the then heavily dilapidated half-timbered house was to be demolished to widen the street, which led to massive protests by citizens. For a short time, relocation of the building to the Hessenpark, which is currently under construction , was also considered. In 1974 the city of Kelkheim acquired the building and renovated it so that it could be reopened as a restaurant, clubhouse and meeting place in December 1983.
St. Dionysius Church
The parish of Münster was first mentioned in a document in 1158 and has been under the control of St. Stephen's in Mainz since around 990. A small wooden church has existed since then. Later a small stone hall church with a bell tower was built, which in turn was replaced in 1811 by the classicist hall church that still exists today. This was designed by the Wiesbaden architect Christian Zais . What is striking about the church building are the two church towers that barely rise above the roof. This was not impressive enough for the citizens of Münster, so that at the end of the century a church tower building association was formed, which collected for the construction of a larger church tower. However, the First World War put an end to this project. In 1970 the church was supplemented by a modern sandstone extension. In addition to the church, the congregation has extensive facilities that include a kindergarten and a library.
Culture
In Münster there is the so-called Kulturbahnhof , which is located in the former station building of the town, which the city of Kelkheim acquired from the previous owner FKE in 1990. In the period that followed, the building and the adjoining warehouse were extensively converted and converted into a cultural meeting point. This started operations on February 21, 1996 and has been run by the Kulturgemeinde Kelkheim e. V. , the VHS Kelkheim, the cultural department of the city of Kelkheim as well as for private events. In addition to two conference rooms, it also has a larger hall, which is located in the former warehouse. A library is open to the general public in the parish of St. Dionysius.
societies
- TSG Münster 1883 e. V.
The TSG Münster was in 1883 as TG (Turngemeinde) Münster founded. Initially, their sports grounds were in the lower part of Lorsbacher Strasse , at the intersection with Münsterer Strasse . At the beginning there was a gymnastics department and a singing department. In 1912 a fistball department was added, followed by handball in 1925 . From 1929 to 1930 a gymnasium was built in Lorsbacher Strasse (with funding from Hoechst AG), which is still in use today. After the Second World War, the TG Münster merged with the local cycling club and henceforth called itself TSG Münster . Now there are also the cycling and carnival departments . A karate department was founded in the 1970s . In 2005 the club had 1849 members, the men's handball team played in the 3rd League East in the 2011/2012 season .
- Kerbeborsch e. V.
Once a year, the Münster Curb Borsch Association organizes the four-day Münster Curb . He lets the long-standing local notch traditions live on. According to the calendar, the festival begins on the second weekend of September. The club colors are red-green-blue, this cycle determines the coloring of the individual years.
- Voluntary fire brigade Kelkheim-Münster e. V.
The Münster Voluntary Fire Brigade V. was founded on June 27, 1924. Since the incorporation of Munster into Kelkheim, the public volunteer fire brigade Munster has been responsible for fire protection and general help in Kelkheim together with the volunteer fire brigades of the other parts of the city , as there is no local professional fire brigade. There has also been a youth fire department since 1963 , which in 2004 had around 50 members.
Events
The Dallesfest , which takes place annually in June, is one of the regular events (the customary Dallesfest tradition in Voraunus is probably derived from old, adopted Celtic traditions). The Münster Curb traditionally takes place in September . On the third Sunday of Advent is Münsterer Christmas market held. The venue for these events is always the Münster town center around the old town hall.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b The location on the city of Kelkheim's website , accessed in April 2016.
- ↑ http://www.kelkheim.de/conpresso4/_rubric/detail.php?nr=824&rubric=Wirtschaft+|+Kelkheim-Infos& (link not available)
- ↑ Dietrich Kleipa: The Ersterwähnungen of places of the Main-Taunus district. published in issue 1 of Rad und Sparren 1975
- ↑ Frank Schmidt: Geology and Cultural History of the Vordertaunus , March 1997 (self-published)
literature
- Dietrich Kleipa: The first mentions of the places of the Main-Taunus-Kreis. published in issue 1 of Rad und Sparren (the journal of the Historisches Verein Rhein-Main-Taunus e.V. ) 1975
- Gertraude Rolly: The field names of the Kelkheim-Münster area. published in issue 13 of Rad und Sparren 1984
- Adolf Guba (Ed.): Kelheim im Taunus. Printing company Blei & Guba, Kelkheim / Taunus 1995
- Wilhelm Hilpisch (Ed.): From the history of the former parish of Münster. self-published, Kelkheim
- Jörg Brückner: Between imperial class and class rule. The Counts of Stolberg and their relationship to the Landgraves of Thuringia and later dukes, electors and kings of Saxony (1210 to 1815). Self-published dissertation, Wernigerode 2002 (information about the Eppstein-Stolberg family)
- 1000 years of the parish of Münster. From the old and recent history of the parish , Catholic parish of St. Dionysius Kelkheim-Münster, 1994
Web links
- Information from the city of Kelkheim about Münster
- "Münster, Main-Taunus-Kreis". Historical local dictionary for Hessen. In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
- Literature about Münster in the Hessian Bibliography
Eppenhain | Fischbach | Hornau | Kelkheim-Center | Munster | Ruppertshain
