Marbach (Marburg)

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Marbach
City of Marburg
Coordinates: 50 ° 49 ′ 8 ″  N , 8 ° 44 ′ 47 ″  E
Height : 237 m above sea level NHN
Area : 4.04 km²
Residents : 3234  (December 31, 2016)
Population density : 800 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation : July 1, 1974
Postal code : 35041
Area code : 06421
map
Location of Marbach in Marburg
View of the Marburg district of Marbach
View of the Marburg district of Marbach

Marbach (colloquially called Die Marbach ) is a district of the university town of Marburg in the central Hessian district of Marburg-Biedenkopf with around 3400 inhabitants.

Geographical location

Marbach is located west of the Marburg core city in a narrow basin that is deepened into the Marburg ridge . The place name Marbach is derived from the stream of the same name, which flows on the eastern edge of the village as Ketzerbach and flows into the Lahn. The stream is currently mostly piped and built over with roads. The name Marbach refers to the former border (Mark) between the territories of the Thuringian Landgraves and Kurmainz .

history

Topographic map 1857

Marbach was first mentioned in 1272 as Marpah . In the Salbuch (hereditary register) of the Marburg office of 1374, Marbach is mentioned as the house village of the Landgraves of Hesse, along with Ockershausen , Wehrda and Cappel . This means that the residents of these four villages closest to the Marburg Castle were obliged to provide the sovereign with additional manual and tension services .

In the 19th century a comparatively modest spa business was started in Marbach. The place became a destination near the city of Marburg. Even personalities like the Brothers Grimm visited Marbach. After the establishment of the pharmaceutical industry, Marbach became one of the wealthiest communities in Hesse. In contrast to most of the surrounding villages, Marbach did not have its own church for a long time. The Protestant St. Mark's Church was only built in 1962 and inaugurated in 1964. In 2004 the church was rebuilt and among other things equipped with an elevator.

On July 1, 1974, the municipality of Marbach was incorporated into the city of Marburg by law as part of the regional reform in Hesse with the towns of Michelbach and Dagobertshausen, which were incorporated on December 31, 1971, with a little more than 4000 inhabitants. The city of Marburg now maintains a community center with an administrative branch in Marbach in addition to the GSM (Marbach primary school). The Europabad indoor swimming pool was closed in 2006.

Territorial history and administration

The following list gives an overview of the territories in which Marbach was located or the administrative units to which it was subordinate:

Courts since 1821

With an edict of June 29, 1821, administration and justice were separated in Kurhessen. Now judicial offices were responsible for the first instance jurisdiction, the administration was taken over by the districts. In Marburg, the Marburg district was set up for the administration and the Marburg district court was the court of first instance responsible for Marbach. In 1850 the regional court was renamed the Marburg Justice Office. The Supreme Court was the Higher Appeal Court in Kassel . The higher court of Marburg was subordinate to the province of Upper Hesse. It was the second instance for the judicial offices.

After the annexation of Kurhessen by Prussia, the Marburg district court became the royal Prussian district court of Marburg in 1867 . In June 1867, a royal ordinance was issued that reorganized the court system in the areas that belonged to the former Electorate of Hesse. The previous judicial authorities were to be repealed and replaced by local courts in the first, district courts in the second and an appeal court in the third instance. In the course of this, on September 1, 1867, the previous judicial office was renamed the Marburg District Court. The courts of the higher authorities were the Marburg District Court and the Kassel Court of Appeal .

Even with the entry into force of the Courts Constitution Act of 1879, the district court remained under his name. In the Federal Republic of Germany, the superordinate instances are the Marburg Regional Court , the Frankfurt am Main Higher Regional Court and the Federal Court of Justice as the last instance.

population

Population development

 Source: Historical local dictionary

• 1577: 16 house seats
• 1630: 15 teams, 2 widows (5 two-horse, 1 single-horse farm workers, 9 single-horse  men ).
• 1681: 13 home-seated teams
• 1747: 24 households
• 1838: 284 residents (23 local residents who are entitled to use, 17 residents who are not entitled to use, 14  residents ).
Marbach: Population from 1765 to 2015
year     Residents
1765
  
 129
1834
  
 257
1840
  
 267
1846
  
 280
1852
  
 296
1858
  
 258
1864
  
 260
1871
  
 262
1875
  
 268
1885
  
 313
1895
  
 303
1905
  
 388
1910
  
 439
1925
  
 526
1939
  
 725
1946
  
 1,125
1950
  
 1,218
1956
  
 1,403
1961
  
 1,655
1967
  
 2,260
1987
  
 3,045
1991
  
 3.152
1995
  
 3,420
2000
  
 3,292
2003
  
 3.233
2005
  
 3,241
2007
  
 3,384
2010
  
 3,434
2011
  
 3,190
2015
  
 3,245
Data source: Historical municipality register for Hesse: The population of the municipalities from 1834 to 1967. Wiesbaden: Hessisches Statistisches Landesamt, 1968.
Further sources:; 1987-1998, 1999-2003; 2005-2010; 2011 census : 2011–2015

Religious affiliation

 Source: Historical local dictionary

• 1861: 0255 Evangelical Lutheran residents
• 1885: 0309 Protestant (= 98.72%), 4 Catholic (= 1.28%) residents
• 1961: 1389 Protestant (= 83.93%), 185 Catholic (= 11.18%) residents
• 1987: 1839 Protestant (= 60.2%), 523 Catholic (= 17.1%) inhabitants

Gainful employment

 Source: Historical local dictionary

• 1765: Labor force: 4 linen weavers, 2 wagons, 1 tailor, 1 potash boiler, 1 bricklayer, 1 miller, 3 day laborers.
• 1838: Families: 18 farming, 2 businesses, 24 day laborers.
• 1961: Labor force: 44 agriculture and forestry, 330 manufacturing, 125 trade and transport, 175 services and other.

Civic association

There is an active Marbacher Bürgererverein e. V. , who takes care of community life in the district. He also publishes the Marbacher Nachrichten , of which issue 39 appeared in December 2009.

Economy and Infrastructure

Behring works

Emil von Behring founded a pharmaceutical factory in Marbach in 1904 to manufacture a serum against diphtheria. The Behringwerke came to Hoechst AG in 1952 , was temporarily one of the world's largest vaccine manufacturers and from 1997 onwards was divided into various individual companies, some of which were sold (see also Dade Behring , CSL Behring , Novartis , Sanofi-Aventis , Pharmaserv ).

After Emil von Behring died in 1917, he was buried in a mausoleum in the forest near Marbach, which can still be viewed from the outside today.

traffic

Due to its size and proximity to the city center, the Marbach district is integrated into the city bus network. The Marbacher Weg is one of the busiest streets in Marburg as the main arterial road from the city center to the west and as the access to the former Behring works. Due to the high volume of traffic, a tunnel construction has been in the public debate for years, which should divert a large part of the road traffic at the level of the Behringwerke into the Lahn valley. This idea of ​​a Marbach tunnel is very controversial and is currently not being pursued further in local politics.

The Marbacher Weg has been completely renovated since 2006, which is why it was closed to car traffic until the end of October 2007.

Business

In Marbach there is a pharmacy, a gas station and a computer shop next to the Behring works. There are also two doctors and three bakers who are based in Marbach. In addition, one of four Marburg cemeteries is located in Marbach. A new urn wall was opened here at the beginning of 2015.

Personalities associated with Marbach

  • Heinrich Freudenstein (1863–1935), well-known beekeeper, Mayor of Marbach from 1919 to 1934, builder of the elementary school

literature

Web links

Commons : Marbach (Marburg)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Marburg figures from 2009-2010 on the website of the city of Marburg (pdf; p. 4)
  2. ↑ a b Population figures from 2011 to 2016. (PDF; 46 kB) In: Website. City of Marburg, p. 4 ff , accessed in January 2019 .
  3. ↑ a b c d e f Marbach, Marburg-Biedenkopf district. Historical local dictionary for Hessen. (As of May 2, 2018). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
  4. ↑ Law on the reorganization of the Biedenkopf and Marburg districts and the city of Marburg (Lahn) (GVBl. II 330-27) of March 12, 1974 . In: The Hessian Minister of the Interior (ed.): Law and Ordinance Gazette for the State of Hesse . 1974 No. 9 , p. 154 , § 1 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 3.0 MB ]).
  5. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer GmbH, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 387 and 403 .
  6. ^ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. State of Hesse. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
  7. ^ Georg Landau: Description of the Electorate of Hesse . T. Fischer, Kassel 1842, p. 370 ( online at HathiTrust's digital library ).
  8. ^ The affiliation of the Marburg office based on maps from the Historical Atlas of Hessen : Hessen-Marburg 1567–1604 . , Hessen-Kassel and Hessen-Darmstadt 1604–1638 . and Hessen-Darmstadt 1567–1866 .
  9. ^ Kur-Hessischer Staats- und Adress-Kalender: 1818 . Publishing house d. Orphanage, Kassel 1818, p.  100 ( online at Google Books ).
  10. ↑ Ordinance of August 30th, 1821, concerning the new division of the area , Annex: Overview of the new division of the Electorate of Hesse according to provinces, districts and judicial districts. Collection of laws etc. for the Electoral Hesse states. Year 1821 - No. XV. - August., ( Kurhess GS 1821) pp. 223–224 .
  11. ↑ Latest news from Meklenburg / Kur-Hessen, Hessen-Darmstadt and the free cities, edited from the best sources. in the publishing house of the GHG privil. Landes-Industrie-Comptouts., Weimar 1823, p.  158 ff . ( online at HathiTrust's digital library ).
  12. ↑ Ordinance on the constitution of the courts in the former Electorate of Hesse and the formerly Royal Bavarian territories with the exclusion of the enclave Kaulsdorf from June 19, 1867. ( PrGS 1867, pp. 1085-1094 )
  13. ↑ Order of August 7, 1867, regarding the establishment of the according to the Most High Ordinance of June 19 of this year. J. in the former Electorate of Hesse and the formerly Royal Bavarian territorial parts with the exclusion of the enclave Kaulsdorf, courts to be formed ( Pr. JMBl. Pp. 221–224 )
  14. ↑ a b Population figures from 1995 to 1998. (PDF; 3.7 MB) In: Website. City of Marburg, p. 9 ff , accessed in January 2019 .
  15. ↑ Population figures from 1999 to 2003 (PDF; 7.75 MB) In: Website. City of Marburg, p. 8 ff , accessed in January 2019 .
  16. ↑ Population figures from 2005 to 2010. (PDF; 1.13 MB) In: Website. City of Marburg, p. 10 ff , accessed in January 2019 .