Marienkirche (Röbel)
The Marienkirche in Röbel is a Gothic Protestant parish church in the historic town center of Röbel / Müritz in Mecklenburg . The parish of Röbel belongs to the Neustrelitz Propstei, Mecklenburg parish of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Northern Germany .
History and architecture
Presumably a Slavic sanctuary originally stood at this point as the previous building . After the Christianization of the area, it had to give way to a small wooden church. The construction of a stone building began in the first half of the 13th century and was consecrated in 1227. The size of this church corresponded to the size of today's choir , it was entered through a so-called priest gate. After the archdeaconate had been established around 1340 , the building was expanded to include the nave . The sacristy may have been added later. The choir and sacristy were vaulted in the first half of the 14th century, the vaults in the nave were drawn in in the 15th century. A site presented the nave low church tower with gable roof was also built in the 15th century, while the sacristy with an articulated by diaphragms gable built. Part of the Kirchberg was washed away by the storm surge in 1714 and the foundations of the church were washed away . Cracks appeared in the chancel, making it necessary to erect supporting pillars.
A comprehensive renovation and expansion with the restoration of the church took place from 1849 to 1853. The tower was dilapidated, the 58 meter high, massive tower was built. The construction manager of the Plau agricultural district, Theodor (Christian Friedrich) Krüger, was in charge of the construction. Then in 1853, when he was appointed master builder, he was transferred to the central construction administration in Schwerin.
The design of the interior is a completely stylish example of a successful restoration in Mecklenburg by the standards of the time. An extensive scenic and ornamental painting in the choir from the period between 1360 and 1380 was exposed, documented and whitewashed again in 1850. All of the neo-Gothic furnishings come from this renovation phase. The organ loft was reduced in size.
The church was consecrated again on May 1, 1853. The design of the churchyard began in 1855; an enclosure wall with two entrance portals was built. The glaze bricks with which the tower was originally covered did not withstand the weather. The spire and the four fial turrets were covered with copper . The copper had to be surrendered in 1918 due to the war, instead it was covered with slate.
The church stands on a hill on the banks of the Müritz . The hall church with two bays is made of brick . The two-bay choir is just closing, the square tower is in the west. The church service room and the tower are connected by a three-part front yoke that is aligned with the nave . The step portal in the west wall is crowned by a stepped gable, it carries a crucifixion group. The nave is surrounded by a base partly made of field stones. The sides of the nave are divided by buttresses and two window strips each. A multi-level portal is set into the middle yoke on both sides of the nave. The round bars in the cladding of the older portal on the north side have bud capitals, those of the south portal have chalice capitals. On the round bars in the archivolts , as on the steps, black glazed tiles alternate with unglazed tiles. This type of decoration can also be seen on some windows. The outer round archivolt rod at the north portal is decorated with leaf motifs, above the south portal there is a triangular tracery field .
inner space
The nave is one of the oldest halls in Mecklenburg. In the divided western third there is an anteroom into which a flat wooden ceiling has been drawn, from here you can get to the winter church , which is located on the northern side. The central nave bays are almost square, the side aisles are narrower. Its yokes are therefore rectangular. The star vault in the central nave is supported by rectangular pillars with rounded edges and semicircular pillars. The vault ribs are designed as a pear rod . Cross vaults with square bars were drawn into the side aisles . High pointed arch arcades generously open up the interior, while the windows that reach close to the arches of the side aisle walls illuminate the central nave well. The sloping walls of the window strips are simply stepped. A blind window is inserted in the east side of the aisle , and pointed arched blind sheets are inserted in the west side of the northern aisle . The neo-Gothic organ gallery on the west wall of the central nave is supported by a beam construction. The pillars, belts and vaulted brick services are taken and provided with painted white grout.
Choir
The late Romanesque choir with two bays is spanned by a busted ribbed vault with round ribs. There is a belt arch between the two choir bays , it is round arched. A triumphal arch connects the choir with the higher nave, it has the shape of a pointed arch. Round arched shield arches and ribs rise from consoles and console services. The window walls with a round bar are stepped. The sacristy can be entered through a door on the north side of the second choir bay, and a window is let in above the door. The choir walls are brick-red with white joints. The wide joists of the straps and the vault caps are decorated with ornaments. On both sides of the first choir bay are Gothic gentlemen's chairs, they are decorated with carved coats of arms of the former Groß-Kelle and Gotthun estates. The altarpiece was placed in such a way that the choir windows, of which the middle one is elevated, are included in the theological program. The choir windows with the resurrection of Christ in the middle and the side windows with two evangelists each were made in 1852 by the Schwerin porcelain and glass painter Ernst Gillmeister according to designs by the Schwerin court painter Gaston Lenthe . The priest's gate on the north side is walled up, the top stone is designed as a human head.
tower
The tower rises four stories above a square floor plan. The top floor with a tower clock is designed as an octagon. A tracery balustrade was inserted between the pinnacle turrets at the edges of the recessed topmost square storey . The sides of the octagon close with triangular gables, the spire is also octagonal. The walls of the tower yoke are divided by four arcade niches, the stairs to the tower are on the south side.
Furnishing
altar
The altar consists of the refectory surrounded by a balustrade and a neo-Gothic retable. The altarpiece from 1852 is the work of the Schwerin court painter Gaston Lenthe , it shows a painting of the Last Supper. The painting creates a direct reference to the altar table.
Carved altar
The small carved altar on the east wall of the south aisle is probably a former side altar . The work dates from the beginning of the 16th century. In the central shrine the Madonna of the Crescent Moon is depicted in a halo, and eight saints in the box wings. Georg and Barbara , Jost and Apollonia are inscribed on the left ; on the right Katharina and Jakobus d. Ä. as well as Hedwig and Nikolaus . The altar wings have panels in a poor state of preservation. The saints Margaretha, Bartholomäus and Antonius can still be recognized.
pulpit
The neo-Gothic pulpit is on the south arch pillar. It rests on a polygonal wooden pillar adorned with a capital . The sides of the pulpit cage are decorated with tracery, the carved figures set according to designs by Christian Genschow depict Moses and Isaiah, as well as the apostles Matthew and Paul. The sound cover is made as an openwork spire.
Baptismal font
The baptismal font is opposite the pulpit in front of the northern choir arch pillar. It was made from sandstone in neo-Gothic style by the sculptor Heinrich Petters . The base of the octagonal basin shows the figures of the four evangelists. A memorial plaque for those who died in the First World War hangs on the pillar next to the basin.
Triumphal Cross Group
The triumphal cross group was originally set up on a beam under the choir arch. It was attached to the west wall of the south aisle at the end of the 19th century. The work probably comes from the second half of the 15th century and evidently has a school connection with the triumphal cross group in the Güstrow parish church .
Tombstones
Two tombstones from 1412 are placed on the west wall of the north aisle, the deceased are shown in incised drawings . The left tombstone for Petrus Rodemolder bears an inscription according to which Rodemolder was the permanent vicar in Alt-Röbel and died in 1412. The inscription on the right stone names Johannes von Morin as provost in Alt-Röbel, he also died in 1412. The stones were brought from southern Germany around 1400. Both stones were originally in front of the altar and were placed here to protect them from wear and tear. Between the stones there is a cast iron grave cross for FLH Niederhöffer, preacher in Alt-Röbel, died in 1835.
organ
The organ was built in 1820–1822 by the organ builder Johann Jochen Schmidt . In the course of the 19th century the instrument was rebuilt and rearranged several times by the organ builder Friedrich Hermann Lütkemüller and placed in a neo-Gothic case . The slider chest instrument has 24 stops on two manuals and a pedal . The actions are mechanical.
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- Coupling : II / I, I / P
Bells
The church received three bronze bells in 1577 , which were cast during the renovation in 1851 by Johann Carl Ludwig Illies . The two big bells had to be given up in 1917 due to the war. They were replaced by new ones that were confiscated during World War II . In 1952 and 1961 new bells were cast by the Schilling company in Apolda . A bronze sugar loaf bell from the 13th century still hangs in the tower , which is not connected to the bells.
literature
- Friedrich Eggers : The Lord's Supper with the disciples. Altarpiece for the church at Röbel in Mecklenburg by Gaston Lenthe . In: Deutsches Kunstblatt. 3 (1852), No. 37 of September 11, 1852, pp. 311/312
- Georg Dehio : Handbook of the German art monuments Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania. Munich and Berlin 2000, ISBN 3-422-03081-6 , pp. 454–455.
- Marianne Mehling (Ed.): Knaurs Kulturführer Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. Droemer Knaur, Munich 1991, ISBN 3-426-26490-0
- Verena Friedrich: Röbel on the Müritz. Peda Art Guide No. 587, Peda Art Publishing House , Passau 2005, ISBN 3-89643-587-6
- Ingrid Lent: Gaston Lenthe. A Schwerin court painter. Schwerin 2012, ISBN 978-3940207-33-3 , p. 148.
Web links
Coordinates: 53 ° 22 ′ 52.5 ″ N , 12 ° 36 ′ 44.1 ″ E
Individual evidence
- ↑ Website of the Evangelical Lutheran Church District Mecklenburg and the Pomeranian Evangelical Church District in the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Northern Germany
- ^ Horst Ende: Krüger, Theodor Christian Friedrich. In: Biographical Lexicon for Mecklenburg. Vol. 6 Rostock 2011, pp. 187–192.
- ↑ Reinhard Kuhl: Glass paintings of the 19th century Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania. Churches. 2001, p. 167.
- ^ Ingrid Lent: Gaston Lenthe. A Schwerin court painter. 2012, p. 148.
- ↑ Information on the organ