Internet Explorer

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Internet Explorer

Internet Explorer logo under Windows 10
Screen capture of Internet Explorer 11 under Windows 10
Internet Explorer 11 on Windows 10
Basic data

developer Microsoft Corporation
Publishing year 1995
Current  version Windows 10 : 11.900.18362.0, update versions: 11.0.195 (KB4561603)

Windows 8.1

Windows 7 and others: 11.0.9600.19723 update version 11.0.195 (KB4561603)

current updates
June 8th, 2020

End of support for older versions

operating system Windows , Xbox 360 , previously also Mac OS , Unix , Windows Phone , Windows Mobile
programming language C ++
category Web browser
License EULA ( proprietary )
German speaking Yes
support.microsoft.com/de

The Internet Explorer (officially Windows Internet Explorer , formerly Microsoft Internet Explorer ; abbreviation: IE or MSIE ) is a web browser from the software manufacturer Microsoft for its operating system Windows . From Windows 95B to Windows 10 , Internet Explorer was part of the operating system and could not be easily uninstalled. This led to international lawsuits for abuse of a dominant position, whereupon Microsoft lifted the strict coupling of the browser to the operating system. With older Windows versions, IE could be installed afterwards. The latest version is Internet Explorer 11.

The Microsoft Internet Explorer , there were also temporarily for the Apple operating system Mac OS as well as for Unix derivatives such as Solaris and HP-UX .

In March 2015, Microsoft announced that the further development of IE would be discontinued in favor of the new Edge browser , which then took place in January 2020.

Emergence

Windows

Beginnings

Internet Explorer version 2.01 logo, start page

Internet Explorer, similar to Netscape Navigator , was further developed from NCSA Mosaic , a first-generation browser that was originally programmed at the National Center for Supercomputing Applications . Thomas Reardon developed the first version under Microsoft based on a license agreement from Spyglass . Under an agreement, Spyglass was promised a quarterly fee and one percent of the revenue. Since Microsoft has been selling the browser free of charge since the second version and thus does not generate any direct income, the company only paid the promised minimum. In 1997, Spyglass threatened a contractual review, which Microsoft anticipated with a payment of eight million US dollars.

Versions 1.0 and 1.5

In August 1995, version 1.0 appeared for the first time as an exclusive application within the paid Windows expansion package “ Microsoft Plus! “And therefore exclusively for Windows 95. Neither this version of the plus package nor the browser as a single application can be installed on other Windows versions. The program was a good 1 MB in size.

Only the subsequent version 1.5 could then also be installed on other Windows versions. It was also released for Windows NT just five months later in January , but this time not yet in a 16-bit version. A new feature was a port to the Macintosh, which, unlike the version for the Windows versions, was already offered free of charge.

Versions 2.0 and 2.01

IE 2.01 (identical in design to version 1.5) with the settings dialog open; Nuremberg Online in the background (homepage with a design typical of the time)

In November 1995 (for the Macintosh in April 1996) the second version of the browser followed exclusively in Plus! -Package. But shortly afterwards, the same version 2.0 was also offered as an option in Windows 95 Service Pack 1 from February 1996 and at no additional cost. A free distribution via other media has not yet taken place. The browser also supports JavaScript , cookies and SSL encryption . With the release of the next version 2.01, it could also be installed for the first time as a 16- and 32-bit version on all Windows operating systems from Windows 3.1. So Windows 3.0 and earlier versions were never supported. Internal data processing was limited to the most important functions of static websites. The adjacent picture of a historical website had to be cached with a modern browser, as web requests that the browser transmits in the outdated specification HTTP / 1.0 can no longer be fully processed.

Microsoft initially paid no attention to the growing importance of the World Wide Web . Competitive browsers also cost money. The Explorer in the Plus package cost around 100 DM, the Navigator alone at 35 US dollars, about the same. Instead, similar to AOL, the online service The Microsoft Network was used to advertise a data network that competed with the Internet and whose free MSN access software with a rudimentary web browser was already included in the first version of Windows 95.

It was not until the third browser version was marketed at the end of 1996 that the MSN service was discontinued as an independent data network, after Internet access via MSN had already been possible a year earlier .

Version 3.0

Internet Explorer 3 on Windows 95

The Internet Explorer could not keep up with the Netscape Navigator until the third version. Therefore an attempt was made to gain a market advantage by advertising and making the software available free of charge (also for Macintosh and Unix users). Internet Explorer 3 was released in August 1996 and was offered free of charge for all supported Windows versions for the first time. It was also the first version that, in addition to the curved lines in the area of ​​the menu bars, used the blue letter "e" stylized as a globe as the logo. In addition to the support of audio files, CSS was supported in a rudimentary version for the first time , HTML with a contemporary syntax compatible with the Navigator and, with Internet Mail and News 1.0 , two separate e-mail and news reader programs were available for the first time . By the time the fourth version was introduced, free marketing was already showing its first successes (see chart on market shares in the article Browser War ).

Initially, Microsoft decided not to offer Internet Explorer 3.0 for Windows NT 3.51 any more. When attempting the installation, a message appeared that one had to purchase Windows NT 4.0 . This earned Microsoft massive criticism from customers, and many of them announced that they would switch to competitor Netscape Navigator. Then the 16-bit version, which was actually intended for Windows 3.1, was also released for the 3.x versions of Windows NT.

Internet Explorer as part of Windows

Windows 95A and then Windows NT 4.0 were the first Windows versions that had Internet Explorer already firmly integrated into the operating system, apart from earlier specially adapted OEM versions. Curiously, the two Windows versions appeared almost at the same time, but NT 4.0 contains the older browser version 2. This version remained part of the operating system until Windows 98 was released , because in the C version of Windows 95 Internet Explorer was at the end of the installation process Script-controlled simply updated from version 3 to version 4.0 (with web extensions), with the previous updated B version version 4 was only included on a separate CD.

Version 4

Internet Explorer 4 on Windows 98

From version 4.0 in September 1997, Internet Explorer was integrated more deeply into the Windows operating system and the Active Desktop was introduced. This enabled the automatically updated display of websites such as weather maps, share prices and every other page on the work surface of the computer ( desktop ). Some of the more important new features in this version concerned the desktop. A quick launch bar was introduced (with a click on “Show desktop” all open windows are minimized and the desktop free), an offline browsing function was integrated, and program icons could be saved permanently in the task bar. Furthermore, visual representations can now be changed (e.g. anti-aliasing ). These operating system-related extensions were only intended for Windows and were not included in the Macintosh version.

The web extensions could not be installed on the older Windows systems, under Unix or on the Macintosh. The official download version of the browser therefore did not contain these additional innovations. However, unofficial download offers of this program were widespread and also supplemented the A version of Windows 95 and Windows NT with the web extensions. Version 4.0 was also the standard browser of Windows 98 (first edition) and for the first time could not be removed in this combination without deep system intervention.

Version 4.0 brought with it (incomplete) PNG support (no alpha transparency ) for the first time . For the first time, the number of IE users exceeded that of Netscape users, and Internet Explorer was able to catch up technologically with competing products. As a full version, this version was the last that could be completely removed on an older Windows system with an uninstallation routine. Later versions only restore the previous version.

Versions 5 and 5.5

Internet Explorer 5 on Windows 2000

Version 5 brought support for bidirectional text , Ruby markup , XML and MHTML in March 1999 . As the competition with Netscape was not yet won, version 5.0 was also available for Windows NT 3.51 and Windows 3.11 / Windows for Workgroups 3.11. This version was delivered with Windows 98 (Second Edition) and Windows 2000 as the standard browser .

The other 5.x versions were noticeable in addition to the fact that they could also be downloaded as they were distributed on CDs from Internet service providers (e.g. AOL , Lycos and others) or on magazine CDs. Visible features of these brand adjustments are the sponsor's logo, which replaced the animated "e" in the upper right-hand corner of the browser, as well as the favorite links specified by the sponsor and the additional text in the window bar "made available by ..."

Version 5.5 , the standard browser for Windows ME , brought improvements in the print preview, in the support of CSS and HTML as well as in the programming interfaces .

Version 6

Internet Explorer 6 on Windows XP

Version 6 , the standard browser for Windows XP , was released on August 27, 2001 and improved support for CSS 1, DOM 1 and SMIL 2.0. In addition, the XML capabilities have been expanded, a media toolbar and a picture toolbar as well as support for P3P have been added. In addition, the user interface (including the icons) has been revised to match the look of Windows XP.

In autumn 2001, shortly after the release of version 6.0, Microsoft disbanded the development team around Internet Explorer. Only a few employees remained to deal with existing security gaps. Service Pack 1 (SP1) for Internet Explorer 6 was released on September 9, 2002. It fixed numerous security problems, but apart from that contained no changes.

In May 2003 Microsoft reported that version IE 6.0 with SP1 should be the last one available as a standalone installation. The browser was only to be further developed as part of the Windows Vista operating system (code name Longhorn ).

In mid-2004, however, the development of Internet Explorer was resumed and a wiki was founded, in which users could express their wishes for the next version of the web browser. Service Pack 2 for Windows XP and IE 6 was released in August 2004. In contrast to the first Service Pack, this brought various innovations, including a pop-up blocker and a management for browser add-ons. IE 6 was first offered as a 64-bit version with the appearance of Windows XP Professional x64 .

With the abandoned project Windows Longhorn an Internet Explorer version 6.5 should be delivered. Among other things, a download manager was integrated in this, which was only reintroduced in version 9. The Longhorn project was discontinued in 2005/2006 in favor of further service packs for XP , the successor Windows Vista and IE7 .

On March 1, 2010, Google discontinued IE 6 support for its Google Docs and Google Sites services . As of March 13, 2010, Internet Explorer 6 is no longer supported by YouTube either.

At the beginning of March 2011 the market launch of IE9 and IE6 with a market share of 12% was due, whereupon Microsoft started a campaign to reduce it to below 1%. At the turn of the next year, some countries such as Austria and the USA fell below this threshold, while Germany was just above it and China was around 25%, which resulted in a global market share of around 7%.

Support for IE 6 and Windows XP ended on April 8, 2014. Support for Windows Server 2003 ended in July 2015. Support for the XP Embedded versions and the associated IE was available until at least January 2016.

Version 7

Internet Explorer 7 on Windows Vista

The development of Internet Explorer version 7.0 was not initially planned as a stand-alone product. In mid-February 2005, however, Microsoft founder Bill Gates announced that there would be an independent version 7. This turnaround is seen in many places as a reaction by Microsoft to the falling market share of Internet Explorer, which was due, among other things, to the rise of the competing browser Mozilla Firefox since 2004.

The beta phase of IE7 began on July 27, 2005 . Until the date of this release candidate on 24 August 2006, four pre-release version of the public has had access. The final version followed on October 18, 2006, replacing version 6 as the current Internet Explorer version. IE7 was released for Windows XP ( 32-bit and 64-bit edition) and Windows Server 2003 with English-language user guidance. The German-language version followed on October 31, 2006. Since this version of Internet Explorer is not more than Microsoft Internet Explorer to programs which, but analogous to Windows Media Player and Windows Defender as a Windows Internet Explorer called. The new version has been distributed as a highly urgent update since November 2006. On February 12, 2008, version 7 was automatically installed for the first time as part of the automatic operating system updates for company systems.

With version 7, the graphical user interface was fundamentally rebuilt, simplified and many functions were added. The tabs (also known as " tabbed browsing ") were introduced for the first time, including a function that provides an overview of all open tabs. Calling up internationalized domain names was made possible by default. Various web standards were better supported and performance increased. You can subscribe to web feeds in RSS and Atom formats, and support for CSS 2 and PNG with alpha channels has been improved. A built-in filter is designed to protect the user from phishing attacks. Various search engines can be used directly via a constantly present search field . Personal data (cached files from the web, saved cookies, the list of pages visited, passwords and form data) can now be deleted with one click. In addition to the ability to adjust the font size of a website, version 7 allows you to enlarge the entire website, including graphics and layout proportions, using the zoom function. When a web page is printed out, it is automatically scaled so that it fits on the printed page. In addition, other print options such as margins as well as headers and footers and the print size can be adjusted. In addition, the IE7 is said to have gained security.

The numerous innovations are mainly due to pressure from competitors such as Mozilla Firefox . With many of these changes, Microsoft adapted common capabilities from other browsers. Because with IE7 Microsoft wanted to become more competitive and be able to keep up with alternative browser offers in order to increase the decreasing market share of Internet Explorer again.

At the launch of Windows Vista in Singapore in May 2006, Microsoft announced that a new Internet Explorer version would be published every year in the future. IE-7 was pre-installed as the default browser in Windows Vista.

Acid3 test of IE7

One of the biggest weaknesses of IE7 is the inadequate support of current web standards. Internet Explorer 7 shows the Acid2 test only very incorrectly. In the Acid3 test, which was published one year after the appearance of IE7, it only scores 14 out of 100 points.

Version 7 was replaced by version 8 on March 19, 2009.

In August 2011, Google discontinued IE-7 support for Google Apps . The company justified this decision by relying on the functions of modern browsers in the future. B. Support HTML5 .

Version 8

Internet Explorer 8 on Windows 7

On March 5, 2008 Microsoft published the first pre-release version of Internet Explorer 8 Beta 1 and offered it for download. Almost six months later, the second beta version was presented. The final version was released on March 19, 2009, around a year after the completion of Beta 1, and requires the Windows XP with SP 2, Windows Vista or Windows 7 operating systems . It also runs on Windows Server 2003 and Windows Server 2008 .

Compared to the previous version 7, the IE8 increased its range of functions in particular. Recently, for example, a favorites bar can be displayed. Until then, the favorites could not be displayed in a bar. IE8 is also the first Internet Explorer version to have "Quick Info". The quick tips appear when text has been selected and offer various options, such as translating the selected text into another language with Bing . To ensure that IE8 is still compatible with older websites , the "Compatibility View" button has been added to the address bar. In addition, the "instant search" has been added. This shows the user which letters are typing into the search field integrated in IE8, and continuously shows search suggestions from various search providers such as Bing , Google or Wikipedia . In addition, the IE8 has the "InPrivate" mode, which ensures that the browser history and everything related to it is not saved.

Among other things, certain actions such as sending data by e-mail or looking up an address are simplified by appropriate options in the context menu (quick information) .

Acid3 test of IE8

Although IE8 improved the support for web standards compared to the previous versions, it only achieved 23 out of 100 possible points in the Acid3 test.

In addition, the ability to restore open tabs after a crash has been integrated and the phishing filter has been improved. Version 8 does not yet offer support for the SVG standard, which has been implemented by other browsers for a long time . Media queries are also not supported up to version 8 .

With Internet Explorer 8, Microsoft introduced a new technology based on microformats called Web Slices , in addition to RSS support that was already available from version 7 , in order to be able to track parts of a website, such as news tickers , weather forecasts or auction prices. Other browsers do not support web slices by default.

Internet Explorer 8 was the last version that Microsoft released for its own 32 and 64-bit operating systems based on the NT 5.1 and 5.2 kernels. Internet Explorer 9 is only available to users with Windows Vista and Windows 7 .

On March 15, 2011, it was replaced as the current version by Internet Explorer 9 for Windows 7 and Windows Vista . According to statistics from October 2010, IE8 was the most widely used browser version in the world.

After the release of Internet Explorer 10, Google stopped IE-8 support for Google Apps on November 15, 2012 . Microsoft's support for IE 8 ended on January 12, 2016.

Version 9

Internet Explorer 9 on Windows 7

During the development of IE9, a so-called platform preview was offered for download approximately every eight weeks. Thanks to this, users were able to test the performance of the new web browser and its current state of development. However, the new graphical user interface was missing. The beta phase started on September 15, 2010. The only release candidate version appeared on February 10th.

Internet Explorer 9 appeared on March 15, 2011 for Windows Vista and Windows 7 , but no longer for Windows XP, which was criticized in advance. In March, May and August 2010 a developer version was published in which many of the announced innovations were already included:

The browser supports web standards such as HTML5 and CSS3 noticeably better than its predecessors and can now (as the last of the five major browsers) display SVG.

Since one of the previews, Internet Explorer has been able to display rounded corners according to the CSS3 draft. SVG can be displayed with version 9.

Acid3 test of Internet Explorer 9

Internet Explorer 9 offers significantly better support for web standards compared to IE8: It achieved full marks in the Acid3 test.

The Microsoft browser has many new features. It contains a download manager as well as functions that are particularly helpful for developers. Recently the most popular websites appear in the form of an overview when a new tab is opened . Under Windows 7 it is now possible to pin a URL to the taskbar .

The aim of the designers of the surface of the IE9 was to use the available space as well as possible. With regard to this goal, rarely used functions in IE9 are hidden by default, so that only a bar remains. This has forward and backward buttons as well as an address bar that can also be used as a search bar and into which the buttons with page-specific functions are integrated. The tabs appear to the right of the address bar. There are also three buttons with the functions “Go to the start page”, “ Call up favorites ” and “Extended menu”.

Internet Explorer 9 was also significantly faster, especially when executing JavaScript. In addition, the browser supports the HTML5 video tag, which enables the direct display of videos in the browser without additional third-party programs, but only in the H.264 video format without an additional codec .

IE9 uses direct access to the graphics card to display all content . This is particularly useful for notebooks in battery mode, as it saves electricity and can extend the battery life . The main feature is the complete hardware acceleration of the website elements, which enables such clear speed advantages that Flash and Silverlight are no longer necessary for complex websites.

In general, IE9 was received positively by the media. The IE9 even received good reviews from competitor Google . This is mainly due to the good support of the web standards and the speed of the web browser. However, when compared to other browsers that were updated in 2011, the website caniuse.com still lags behind in supporting some web standards. Internet Explorer 8 only supported 35 percent of the properties tested (excluding working drafts). Internet Explorer 9 supports 80 percent of the properties. The versions Firefox 9.0 and Opera 11.6 available at the same time achieve a rate of 93 percent and 94 percent respectively.

It was also criticized that IE9 is only available for Windows Vista and Windows 7 users. Users of older Windows - versions , especially users of the still widespread in release of Internet Explorer 9 Windows XP will not be considered.

Support for IE 9 ended on January 12, 2016; support was only maintained under Windows Vista until April 11, 2017, the end of support for the operating system.

Internet Explorer 9 is still officially available for download from Microsoft (12/2019).

Version 10

Internet Explorer 10 on Windows 8

One month after Internet Explorer 9 was released, Microsoft published the first Platform Preview of Internet Explorer 10 on April 12, 2011. The version has been developed since the end of March 2011. Apart from improved HTML5 , SVG and CSS3 support, this version differed the browser hardly differs from its predecessor.

During the development of Internet Explorer 10, a new pre-release version was released every eight to twelve weeks. Platform Preview 2 was published on June 29, 2011. This version had specially optimized the security and handling of JavaScript applications.

Platform Preview 3 was released on September 13, 2011. In this version the handling of HTML5 , CSS3 and SVG has been optimized again. Since Platform Preview 3, this has been integrated into the pre-release versions of Windows 8 and could not initially be downloaded separately for Windows 7. Platform Preview 4 was released on November 29, 2011.

Internet Explorer 10 has been integrated into Windows 8 and its server version Windows Server 2012 since Platform Preview 5 on February 29, 2012 . In Windows 8, Internet Explorer is contained in two editions: On the one hand as a conventional desktop program and on the other hand as an app from the Modern UI interface without support for add-ons and ActiveX . They are two different applications, but have a layout engine and synchronize the internet data, such as the cache.

Internet Explorer 10 was released on October 26, 2012 along with Windows 8 . IE10 included an included, customized version of Adobe Flash. The release for Windows 7 and Windows Server 2008 R2 followed on February 26, 2013 . Internet Explorer 10 is not compatible with older operating systems.

App version Internet Explorer 10 on Windows 8

Internet Explorer 10 brought improved support for the web standards CSS and HTML5 compared to its predecessor . IE10 had an automatic spell check when entering text on websites. Under Windows 8 , in addition to the normal desktop version, the browser was also available for the Windows Runtime introduced with this operating system .

Support for IE 10 ended on January 12, 2016, with the exception of Windows Server 2012 and Windows Embedded 8 Standard. Support for IE 10 ended on February 11, 2020.

Version 11

Internet Explorer 11 for Windows 8.1 was first presented at the Build 2013 developer conference in June 2013 and introduced on October 17 of the same year; the pre-release version for Windows 7 was presented on July 25, 2013. Updated video streaming capabilities and support for WebGL were named as new features. Version 11 was also released for Windows 7 and Windows Server 2008 R2 on November 6, 2013.

Furthermore, it now has a new reading view that allows the main text of a website to be displayed separately, comparable to an e-book page, free of navigation elements and advertising, and is therefore easier to use, especially on devices with touch screens. However, this reading function is only present in the tile version of IE 11 for Windows 8.1, not in the desktop version. Background and font size can be defined separately for this view.

Skype is also integrated in the tile version ( Modern UI app) of IE 11 under Windows 8.1 , this VOIP client is also integrated system-wide in Windows 8.1. When phone numbers are highlighted on a website, the user is automatically offered a Skype call. If the user agrees, the screen is split (Modern UI "Split View"), the Skype app starts in addition to the currently open Internet Explorer app, which then initiates the call to the recognized phone number.

On the Professional and Enterprise versions of Windows 7 and 8.1, Internet Explorer 11 now has an "Enterprise Mode" function in desktop mode. To do this, the administrator creates a list of Internet addresses that would only work correctly with Internet Explorer versions 7, 8 and 9 and would not be displayed correctly even with the compatibility mode. This list is then defined in the group policy editor. As soon as a URL stored in this way is activated by IE 11, it is displayed differently, taking into account the incompatibilities. With this technology, Microsoft wanted to achieve the migration of companies to Windows 8.1, even if intranet applications e.g. E.g. an IE 9 is absolutely necessary and the upgrade could therefore normally not be higher than Windows Vista or 7 due to the included Internet Explorer versions.

In April 2019, Internet Explorer 11 was also released for Windows Server 2012 and Windows Embedded 8 Standard and replaced IE 10 there.

Mac OS and Mac OS X

The development of Internet Explorer for Macintosh was officially stopped in July 2003 with version 5.1.7 for Mac OS 9 , a month before that there was the last version for Mac OS X with version 5.2.3. Internet Explorer was one of the additional ones Applications installed during a typical Mac OS version 8.1 through Mac OS X version 10.3 installation.

On December 31, 2005, Microsoft's official support for Internet Explorer on Mac OS was completely discontinued. Microsoft recommends that Macintosh users should switch to "more up-to-date web browsing technologies such as Apple's Safari". The browser was removed from Microsoft's download offer as early as February 2005, but support in Microsoft newsgroups and the Microsoft Knowledge Base will remain.

The Macintosh version of Internet Explorer differed from its Windows counterpart mainly in the use of the HTML rendering engine . While the Trident engine is used under Windows , the Macintosh version was based on the Tasman engine.

Solaris and HP-UX

From May 1996 Microsoft planned to port Internet Explorer for Unix operating systems in order to displace Netscape Navigator in this market as well. In order to achieve this, the company first turned to Bristol Technology . It had previously licensed the Windows source code from Microsoft in 1994 in order to develop an application with which Windows programs can be ported to Unix operating systems. In July 1996 Internet Explorer for Unix was officially announced in a press release from Microsoft; it should be based on version 3.0 and be ready by the end of the year.

After a legal dispute between Microsoft and Bristol, however, they turned away from this company and instead licensed the development environment of their direct competitor Mainsoft . Due to the massive delay resulting from this, the next version 4.0 was ported, which was to appear for AIX and IRIX in addition to Solaris and HP-UX .

Finally, in March 1998, Internet Explorer for UNIX was released. Initially, it only supported Sun Solaris based on the Sun SPARC architecture, followed by porting to HP-UX based on the PA-RISC architecture. The announced versions for AIX and Irix never appeared.

The development of Internet Explorer for UNIX was stopped in 2002; Internet Explorer for Unix is ​​also no longer available for download on the Microsoft website.

Xbox

In October 2012, Microsoft and Xbox Music also presented a special version of Internet Explorer for the company's own Xbox 360 game console . It can be operated not only by controller or keyboard , but also by gestures via Kinect . The first version of Internet Explorer for Xbox 360 is based on desktop version 9. In November 2013 Windows will also release its own version of Internet Explorer for the successor to Xbox 360, Xbox One, which, according to the manufacturer, has many new improvements such as navigation via voice and the automatic saving and restoring of sessions.

Versions

The following versions have been published so far (service packs are not listed, except for special features):

For windows

  • Version 1.0 - August 1995
  • Version 1.5 - January 1996
  • Version 2.0 - November 1995
  • Version 2.01 - May 1996
  • Version 3.0 - August 1996
  • Version 3.01 - October 1996 (last version for MIPS and PowerPC processors)
  • Version 3.02 - March 1997
  • Version 3.03
  • Version 4.0 - September 1997
  • Version 4.01 - November 1997
  • Version 5.0 - March 1999 (last version with support for Windows NT 3.51 and Alpha processors )
  • Version 5.01 - November 1999 (last version with support for Windows 3.1 )
  • Version 5.5 - July 2000
  • Version 5.5 Service Pack 2 - August 2001 (last version with support for Windows 95 )
  • Version 6.0 - August 2001
  • Version 6.0 Service Pack 1 - September 9, 2002 (last version with support for Windows 98 , Windows Me , Windows NT 4.0 and Windows 2000 )
  • Version 6.0 Service Pack 2 - August 2004 (only included in Service Pack 2 for Windows XP and Service Pack 1 for Windows Server 2003 )
  • Version 7.0 - October 2006 (included in Windows Vista and as a download for Windows XP from Service Pack 2 and Windows Server 2003)
  • Version 8.0 - March 2009 (included in Windows 7 and as a download for Windows XP from Service Pack 2, Windows Server 2003 and Windows Vista; last version with support for Windows XP)
  • Version 9.0 - March 15, 2011 (as download for Windows Vista and Windows 7 as well as for Windows Server 2008 and 2008 R2; reaches 100/100 points with Acid3 , but the text shadow is missing; last version with support for Windows Vista)
  • Version 10.0 - October 26, 2012 (integrated in Windows 8 , later available as a download for Windows 7; achieved 100/100 in the Acid3 test and 320/500 and 6 bonus points in the HTML5 test)
  • Version 11.0 - June 27, 2013 (integrated in Windows 8.1 , since November 6, 2013 via the Microsoft Download Center also for Windows 7 and Windows Server 2008 R2; last version with support for Windows 7)

For Microsoft Pocket PC

  • Pocket Internet Explorer 1
  • Pocket Internet Explorer 1.1 (with support for cookies , HTTPS and SSL )
  • Pocket Internet Explorer 2 (with support for offline operation, image enlargement and improved HTML support such as frames and tables )
  • Pocket Internet Explorer 3 (with support for JScript and various security protocols)

For Microsoft Windows Mobile

  • Internet Explorer Mobile 6 - May 11, 2009 (with support for AJAX, Jscript 5.7, Adobe Flash Lite 3.1 and newer user interface)

For Microsoft Windows Phone 7

  • Internet Explorer Mobile 7 - October 21, 2010 (with support for multi-touch, tabs, new user interface and the ability to update independently)
  • Internet Explorer Mobile 9 - September 27, 2011 (with customized user interface, hardware acceleration, SmartScreen filter and improved HTML support)

For Microsoft Windows Phone 8

  • Internet Explorer Mobile 10 - Introduced June 20, 2012
  • Internet Explorer Mobile 11 - Unveiled at Build Conference April 1, 2014 (as part of Windows Phone 8.1 Update)

For Apple Macintosh

Internet Explorer on Mac OS X
  • Version 2.0 - April 1996
  • Version 3.0 - January 1997
  • Version 4.0 - January 1998
  • Version 4.5 - January 1999
  • Version 5.0 - March 2000
  • Version 5.1.7 - July 2003 (only for Mac OS 9 )
  • Version 5.2.3 - June 2003 (only for Mac OS X / PPC )
  • Version 5.5b1 - June 2000 (only for Mac OS 9, on the occasion of MacHack 2000 as Tech Preview )

For Unix

  • Version 4.01 - March 1998
  • Version 5.0 - August 2000

distribution

Distribution of Internet Explorer

The actual spread of a web browser cannot be clearly determined.

After the suppression of the Netscape Navigator in the so-called browser war (1995 to 1998), Internet Explorer was for a long time the most widely used browser on the World Wide Web . On the one hand, this is due to the integration of Internet Explorer into the Windows operating system; on the other hand, Internet Explorer was almost unrivaled for several years after the development of the former market leader Netscape Navigator was discontinued in early 1998 and Opera was not available free of charge for a long time.

Since the release of the competitor Mozilla based on the Netscape technology in mid-2002 and the resultant Firefox at the end of 2004, Internet Explorer's market share has continuously decreased. Netmarketshare, for example, measured a global market share of 62 percent (as of February 2010).

In July 2014, StatCounter achieved a share of Internet Explorer worldwide (excluding smartphones) of around 21 percent (2nd place). In Germany and Europe, it was in third place in July 2014 with a market share (excluding smartphones) of 16 and 17 percent respectively.

According to Webmasterpro, it was 17.2% behind Firefox and Chrome in the German-speaking area (as of June 2014).

In December 2019, Internet Explorer's global market share was 1.57%, according to StatCounter .

Criticisms

safety

Internet Explorer is a primary target of attacks due to its widespread use with Windows operating systems. Due to its large user base, the browser is checked for errors with numerous files on the Internet. Vulnerabilities that enabled repeatedly in the past to read the user's personal data to change settings (so-called kidnapping, Eng. Hijacking ) is attempted or unsolicited programs.

The Federal Office for Information Security has issued several warnings against using Internet Explorer, most recently in April 2014, because a security gap that has not yet been closed affects the versions of Internet Explorer that are still supported. Microsoft, in turn, has repeatedly criticized the BSI's practice of specifically warning against IE. If other, equally widespread browsers had comparable security gaps, the warnings were usually less drastic.

It is also criticized that Microsoft usually only publishes all patches for a month on the following patch day and therefore not immediately after the update has been completed. While this approach offers administrative advantages for system administrators, it can take several weeks during which exploits, etc. U. can already spread and cause damage. Microsoft therefore publishes patches for particularly critical vulnerabilities before the next scheduled patch day .

Microsoft is committed to improving security by regularly correcting security vulnerabilities. Internet Explorer has been running in the so-called "protected mode" since Windows Vista. In this mode, the browser runs with particularly restricted access rights that only allow write access to the browser cache . If a security gap is exploited, this means that malware cannot establish itself in the Windows operating system. As of Internet Explorer 7, third-party, untrusted ActiveX controls are also automatically blocked.

Microsoft has disclosed the programming interfaces (APIs) of Internet Explorer and allows programmers to use existing Microsoft browser technology for their software development, which saves them time and money. Numerous programs make use of it, including older Microsoft programs such as Outlook (up to version 2003) and Outlook Express . These versions use the same software components to display HTML-formatted e-mails that Internet Explorer uses for websites. Therefore, in order to exploit security holes in Internet Explorer, it was enough for users of these programs to read an infected e-mail.

Operation Aurora

The so-called Operation Aurora was a cyber attack on various companies such as Google , Adobe Inc. , Yahoo and Symantec between mid-December 2009 and February 2010. It was carried out on the basis of a security gap from Internet Explorer 6 on Windows XP and newer. The attackers were able to slip their own code onto the visitor of a prepared website, which was then executed (so-called drive-by download ). The governments of various countries, including Germany, France and Australia, issued a warning against using Internet Explorer and recommended switching to alternative browsers.

Web standards

Initially, Internet Explorer, as the market leader, significantly specified or created new web standards such as CSS 1.0 and DOM 1. The later implementation of further standards within the framework of newly created standardization bodies (such as the World Wide Web Consortium ) was, however, incomplete or incorrect. These include CSS 1.0 and DOM 1, as well as XHTML , CSS 2.0, DOM 2 and 3, PNG and SVG and other web technologies. Internet Explorer 6 was particularly hard hit by this neglect.

Internet Explorer 7, released in 2006, brought considerable improvements, but did not yet pass the so-called Acid2 test. Only Internet Explorer 8 passed the Acid2 test, but failed the Acid3 test with 20 out of 100 points (2009).

Microsoft announced that it would continue to gradually improve support for the web standards. Internet Explorer 9 then achieved 95 out of 100 points in the Acid3 test in March 2010. After a change in the test criteria in which little used or parts of the web standards that are still in development were excluded from the test procedure, Internet Explorer version 9 or higher passes the Acid3 test with full points. The same applies to Internet Explorer 10 and 11. The support of the new CSS3 properties ( e.g. Flexbox and the Background and Borders Module , with which, for example, several overlapping backgrounds can be assigned to an element) became particularly noticeable in version 11 improved. At the same time, HTML5 features such as drag and drop or datasets are also supported.

Bundling with Windows

Internet Explorer came into the media's field of vision during the antitrust lawsuit against Microsoft through its bundling with the Windows operating system . Through this bundling, Microsoft is said to have pushed its competitor and former market leader Netscape out of the market and also made it difficult for other co-providers to spread their browsers. An out-of-court settlement was reached in which Microsoft undertook to offer users third-party web browsers in the future. Microsoft has set up a website for this purpose that displays a neutral selection dialog in which browser manufacturers can advertise their products and display a direct download link. The dialog is available for all Windows versions from Windows 2000 onwards .

By bundling with Windows, older but still supported Windows versions are excluded from the installation of current versions of Internet Explorer. Internet Explorer 9 is not available for Windows XP, Internet Explorer 10 not for Windows Vista, although both Windows versions were still in support at the time of the respective browser releases (as of June 2013). Microsoft only offers security patches for older versions of Internet Explorer. Newer functions are reserved for the newer versions. This fact contributes to the spread of alternative browsers with a larger range of functions, especially on older versions of Windows.

privacy

Microsoft states that the data generated when using Internet Explorer can be saved and processed by the group. Microsoft does not specify the nature of this data. Microsoft claims that it follows an agreement between the US government and the European Union on the collection, use and retention of data originating in the European Union. Microsoft reserves the right to access and disclose the data. According to Microsoft, reasons for such a procedure can be legal regulations, but also the protection and defense of the rights and property of Microsoft. In addition, such an approach could be necessary in urgent cases to ensure the personal safety of Microsoft employees, users of Microsoft products or services and the public. The data can already be used if Microsoft only acts in good faith that such a procedure is necessary.

When using the phishing filter in Internet Explorer, the address of the website called up, the IP address, the browser type and the version number of the phishing filter are sent to Microsoft using an encrypted connection. Statistics on the use of the phishing filter are also compiled and sent to the Group. These statistics are anonymous, according to Microsoft. The group assures that the information obtained from the analysis of the phishing filter is not used to identify the user.

See also

Web links

Individual evidence

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