Kralupy nad Vltavou

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Kralupy nad Vltavou
Coat of arms of Kralupy nad Vltavou
Kralupy nad Vltavou (Czech Republic)
Paris plan pointer b jms.svg
Basic data
State : Czech RepublicCzech Republic Czech Republic
Region : Středočeský kraj
District : Mělník
Area : 2190 ha
Geographic location : 50 ° 14 '  N , 14 ° 18'  E Coordinates: 50 ° 14 '27 "  N , 14 ° 18' 24"  E
Height: 176  m nm
Residents : 18,194 (Jan. 1, 2019)
Postal code : 190 32 - 278 01
License plate : S.
traffic
Railway connection: Prague – Děčín
Kralupy nad Vltavou – Podlešín
Kralupy nad Vltavou – Velvary
Kralupy nad Vltavou – Kladno
Kralupy nad Vltavou – Neratovice
structure
Status: city
Districts: 5
administration
Mayor : Petr Holeček (as of 2007)
Address: U Cukrovaru 1087
278 01 Kralupy nad Vltavou 1
Municipality number: 534951
Website : www.mestokralupy.cz
Location of Kralupy nad Vltavou in the Mělník district
map

Kralupy nad Vltavou (German Kralup an der Moldau ) is a city in the Czech Republic . It is located at the confluence of the Zákolanský potok with the Vltava , 20 km northwest of Prague in the Central Bohemian Region ( Středočeský kraj ).

There are many forests, rocks and water bodies on the relatively small area. The city itself is an industrial city with a food industry and an oil refinery . It was a meaningless village until the middle of the 19th century. It only gained importance with the construction of the railway lines in the years 1850–1852 and industrialization. In 1902 it was elevated to the status of town.

history

The city was first mentioned in documents in 1253. The name is derived from the previous activity of the inhabitants, who peeled tree bark. References to these residents can be found in documents from the Břevnov monastery as early as 993 . Bohuslava of Černuc, the widow of Sulislav Zvěst of Pnětluky , donated the Černuc and Kralup estates to the Prague Hospital of St. Francis at the Bridge of the Cross with the Red Star . In 1253 Wenceslas I confirmed the ownership of the hospital of St. Francis in Prague, later the Order of the Cross with the Red Star. He also donated the village of Kralup to this order, which he had confiscated from the heirs of Queen Constance's Chamberlain of Hungary . The testator is said to have appropriated these by force beforehand. The order built a mill and fortress in the village. At the same time he went into debt and had to pledge the village to the Prague Archdiocese and Meißner Diocese . In 1377 the order bought the village back for 230 shock groschen. In 1407 the Kreuzherren sold the village for 350 groschen to Johann von Weilburg, the clerk of Prague's old town. In 1421 the Hussites drove the new lord from Bohemia and Kralup became the property of Prague citizens. In 1429 he lent it to Johann von Katschitz for free use . After the Hussite Wars , the fortress came back to the Lords of the Cross, who, however, no longer inhabited it. In 1619 rebellious Bohemian estates confiscated the land and left it to Wilhelm the Elder Boogie von Lobkowicz . After the Battle of White Mountain, however, it came back into the hands of the order, which held it until the yoke was dissolved in 1848. For over six centuries Kralup was owned by the Tursko court of the Cross, which also owned Vrbno and Dolany .

The village was largely spared from the chaos of war. Only in 1741/42 did the Saxons and the French cause relatively great damage. In addition, Kralupy suffered epidemics and bad harvests, especially floods. The floods in 1784, 1845 and 1890 were particularly catastrophic. In 1843, Kralup consisted of 22 houses with 173 inhabitants. There was an inn and a mill at Zákolanský potok in the village. A stately Heger's house lay apart. The parish was Minitz ( Minice ). Until the middle of the 19th century, the village remained subordinate to the Tursko estate.

In 1851 the place was connected to the Prague – Dresden railway of the Imperial and Royal Northern State Railway . An extension to the north towards Turnau followed . The intensification of shipping also led to the regulation of the Vltava from 1894. The good infrastructure led to industrial settlements. A shipbuilding company was established in 1854, followed by the Adolf Jordan chemical factory in 1857, the Karepeles family opened a steam mill in 1867, and at the end of the 1860s two sugar factories and in 1872 a brewery as well as gravel and brick works were added. In 1864 Kralup was given a coat of arms and the population grew to over 2,000. At the end of the 19th century, further metal processing and mechanical engineering companies were added. In 1900 there were already 4,722 residents in the village. In 1902 Kralup was named a town, the year before that the first refinery opened its doors. In 1912 the district court and the district administration were moved here. The First World War hardly affected the city, which was electrified in 1920. In 1924 the course of the river was regulated further, and in 1928 a reinforced concrete bridge spanned the river. During the Second World War , many resistors against the German occupation forces lost their lives. In 1942 the Kladno district was dissolved and the town of Raudnitz was attached. After the war, the previous situation was restored. During the bombing of the chemical works on March 22, 1945, 150 people were killed and over 1,000 houses were damaged or destroyed.

After the war internment camps for Germans were set up in Wippermann's factory, in the Mokowitz courtyard and on the airfield in Lobeček. After 1948 the entire industry was nationalized. Around 1950 the city had 9,400 inhabitants, ten years later their number rose to 11,100. In 1960 the city again lost the status of the district town, this time to Mělník .

On March 22, 2018, an explosion occurred at the Unipetrol-operated refinery, killing six people. It was the biggest chemical accident in the Czech Republic since 1989.

Districts

Lobeč

Lobeč (German: Teutsch Lobetsch ) is a settlement on the Moldau was mentioned in a document in 1070, when Vratislav II donated the lands to the chapter Vyšehrad . The place remained in the hands of the church until 1524, when knight Boryňové ze Lhoty attached it to their Minovice manor. In the 17th and 18th centuries, moorings were built nearby, which served local traders as a transshipment point for trade with Saxony. In 1750 the settlement consisted of 15 houses, in 1848 there were 255 inhabitants in 37 houses. During the construction of the railway connection, the original village was destroyed. In the industrialization that followed in the middle of the 19th century, the inhabitants found work in the local sugar factory and the summer engineering factory . In 1902, when 2000 people lived in 180 houses, the village was attached to Kralup.

Lobeček

Lobeček was first mentioned in 1390 as the property of the provost of the cathedral chapter St. Vitus . During and after the Hussite Wars, the settlement was almost completely deserted. In 1546 Florian Griespek von Griespach joined his estate Nelahozeves . This rule, confiscated in 1623 and assigned to the Lords of Lobkowitz , held it until the Reformation in 1848. At the end of the Thirty Years' War there was only one farm in the village, in 1848 there were already 25 buildings in which 210 people lived, in 1910 the population grew 900 who lived in 300 houses. The first school was built in 1916. In 1919 the village was attached to the city of Kralup.

Mikovice

Mikovice was first mentioned in 1318. At the beginning the settlement belonged to small secular nobility, including knights Boryňové ze Lhoty until 1524 . This family expanded it into their small center with a fortress and administrative buildings. In addition, they founded a brewery, planted vineyards and raised pheasants. In 1641 there was another sale, this time to the municipality of Boryně and from 1669 it belonged to the Zvoleněves estate of the Saxon-Luxembourg dukes, which was later acquired by the Tuscan archdukes. The Habsburgs held it until the end of the First World War, after which the properties were nationalized. The fortress went under in the years 1794-1845. Traces of coal and lead mining in the area have also disappeared. In addition, since the second half of the 19th century, there were several brick factories and the Biňov family's ceramic factory in the village. Due to its location on the trade route from Prague to Saxony, the village was always badly affected by wars of conquest. At the beginning of the 17th century there were 13 houses in Mikovice, the number of which increased to 57 by 1848 (531 inhabitants). In 1923 at the time of annexation to Kralup, 1,600 people lived here.

Minice

Minice was first mentioned in a document in 1352 when the ownership of the local church changed. The church itself was built in the 1430s and is one of the oldest buildings in the region. From 1530 the village belonged to the Míkovice estate, then from 1545 to 1848 to Nelahozeves. At the beginning of the 17th century, a parish and school, a winery and a mill were added to the village with 16 houses. The school was attended by all children from the left bank of the Vltava. After the Thirty Years War, which caused a lot of suffering to the village on the trade route from Prague to Saxony, there were 11 houses left, but the village grew steadily. In 1770, 280 people were already living in 39 houses. Minice has also developed economically since the 18th century. Due to its location on the trade route, many rest houses were built, and coal was mined in the area. At the beginning of the 20th century, 630 and 20 years later, 820 people lived here, living in 115 dwellings. In 1960 Minice was attached to Kralup.

Zeměchy

Zeměchy, first mentioned in writing in 1238, belonged to the church until the time of the Hussite Wars. From the beginning of the 16th century it belonged to the Mikovice Manor. The local church already existed in the Middle Ages, was later rebuilt in Baroque style, the school dates from the 1860s. In 1848, 271 residents lived in 34 houses in the village, which was attached to Kralup in 1986.

Daughters and sons of the city

Twin cities

Web links

Commons : Kralupy nad Vltavou  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)
  2. ↑ Johann Gottfried Sommer The Kingdom of Bohemia, Bd. 13 Rakonitzer Kreis, 1845, p. 167
  3. ↑ Explosion: Six people die in a chemical accident in the Czech Republic . ( handelsblatt.com [accessed April 5, 2018]).
  4. ↑ http://biblio.unibe.ch/adam/zoom/zoom.php?col=ryh&pic=Ryh_4405_11