Morąg

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Morąg
Morąg coat of arms
Morąg (Poland)
Morąg
Morąg
Basic data
State : Poland
Voivodeship : Warmia-Masuria
Powiat : Ostróda
Area : 6.11  km²
Geographic location : 53 ° 55 '  N , 19 ° 56'  E Coordinates: 53 ° 55 '0 "  N , 19 ° 56' 0"  E
Residents : 13,793
(Jun. 30, 2019)
Postal code : 14-300 and 14-301
Telephone code : (+48) 89
License plate : NOS
Economy and Transport
Street : Ext. 519 : Stary Dzierzgoń– Zalewo –Morąg
Ext. 527 : Dzierzgoń - Pasłęk - Olsztyn
Ext. 528 : Orneta - Miłakowo - Morąg
Rail route : PKP line 220: Olsztyn- Bogaczewo
Next international airport : Danzig
Gmina
Gminatype: Urban and rural municipality
Surface: 310.55 km²
Residents: 24,348
(June 30, 2019)
Population density : 78 inhabitants / km²
Community number  ( GUS ): 2815083
Administration (as of 2012)
Mayor : Tadeusz Sobierajski
Address: ul. 11 Listopada 9
14-300 Morąg
Website : www.morag.pl



Morąg [ ˈmɔrɔ̃ŋk ] ( German Mohrungen ) is a small town in the Polish Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship .

Geographical location

The city is located in the westernmost part of the historic East Prussia region on the eastern edge of the Eylauer Seenplatte, about 44 kilometers southeast of Elbing ( Elbląg ) and 38 kilometers northwest of Allenstein ( Olsztyn ). The hilly surrounding area with height differences of up to 93 meters is characterized by agricultural areas, forest areas and lakes. The Schertingsee is located right outside the city gates . Only a few kilometers east of the city is the 1249 hectare lake Nariensee, which is widely used for tourism.

history

The seal of 1327 shows in addition to the transcription S consulum CIVITATIS morung a pilgrim with pilgrim's staff and gourd .

In the last quarter of the 13th century, the Teutonic Knight Order probably took over a Prussian castle , protected on three sides by water and made of wood , on a peninsula on the Schertingsee . The place was mentioned in 1328 as de Morungen , 1340 as Morungen and 1364 as Marungen . Already at the beginning of the 14th century the place had developed into an urban settlement under its locator Peter von Sumpf . Hermann von Oettingen is considered to be the founder of the city , who as an order clerk and commander of Elbing in 1327 (not 1302) granted the town rights to the village by handing over the festivals ; awarded. The place name goes back to the now silted up Mohrungsee, which is called lacus Maurin in the city ​​privilege renewed on December 17, 1331 . The name of the lake is probably derived from the Prussian term "mare / mary / marre" - swampy water, bay, lagoon . There are several Prussian castles, entrenchments and ramparts in the area. The knights of the order were followed by peasant treks, of which a group from the southern Harz settled near the order castle.

Shortly after the Battle of Tannenberg in 1410, Poles and Lithuanians conquered the city. In 1440 Mohrungen joined the Prussian Confederation , which opposed the Teutonic Order and between 1454 and 1466 led the so-called Prussian City War. The reconquest of Mohrungen for the monastic state succeeded the Elbinger Komtur Oberstspittler Heinrich Reuss von Plauen in 1461. He made the city his official seat as high master governor . During the cavalry war in 1520, the Poles again conquered it.

After through the Reformation caused secularization of the Order state made establishment of the Duchy of Prussia in 1525 came Morag pledge possession of the Viscount Peter Dohna . Administratively, Mohrungen belonged to the Oberländischer Kreis with the status of a main office . After the pledge was redeemed in 1573, the city became a treasure trove of the Duchess of Prussia. Peter zu Dohna took over the post of ducal governor. In 1595, the Dohnas built a city ​​residence , which until 1945 shaped the town as the "Schlösschen". In 1626, Mohrungen suffered severe damage during the Polish-Swedish War . A large city fire also caused great damage in 1697, the effects of which could only be removed under the reign of King Friedrich Wilhelm I (1713–1740). In 1752, when the Oberland district was dissolved, the district of Mohrungen was established with the town of the same name as the district seat.

During the Fourth Coalition War , the French Marshal Bernadotte stayed in Dohnas Castle in 1807. On January 25, 1807 he was defeated by the Russians under Levin August von Bennigsen in the battle near Mohrungen .

Due to the Prussian administrative reform of 1815, Mohrungen retained the status of a district town, but the newly created district of Mohrungen was now much smaller. The city had 3,633 inhabitants in 1875. In 1882 Mohrungen was connected to the railway line of the Prussian State Railway Marienburg - Allenstein. The Wormditt - Osterode line, completed in 1902, made Mohrungen a railway junction. At the beginning of the 20th century, Mohrungen had a Protestant church, a Catholic church, a synagogue , a preparatory institute and a district court. In 1904 Mohrungen received a gas works, in 1907 new drinking water pipes and in 1923 a power supply. There was no other industry besides a sawmill. In 1939 the population had increased to 8,376.

Until 1945, Mohrungen was the district town of the district of Mohrungen in the Koenigsberg district of the province of East Prussia .

After the Red Army advanced rapidly on the offensive against East Prussia towards the end of the Second World War in January 1945 , the evacuation of the Mohrungen district began on January 22, 1945 . A few days later the Red Army took Mohrungen. 26 of the hospital's deaconesses resisted the evacuation and committed suicide after taking the city. After the end of the war, fires in 1945 destroyed 45 percent of the city. Only the outer walls remained of the town hall, which was renovated several times.

In March 1945, the Red Army placed the city together with the southern half of East Prussia under the administration of the People's Republic of Poland as "Okręg mazurski" . This introduced the place name Morąg for Mohrungen , expelled the remaining inhabitants or those who had fled and settled the place with Poles . Important architectural monuments have been restored.

In 1954, the Hessian city of Gießen sponsored the city ​​and district of Mohrungen.

Since May 2010 the city has been the location of a US Patriot anti-aircraft missile unit with around 100 soldiers.

Old town hall in the architectural style of the brick Gothic
Dohna castle
Schertingsee

Population development until 1945

year Residents Remarks
1740 1067
1783 1753 without the garrison (a squadron of dragoons )
1802 1874
1810 1631
1816 1677 1616 Protestants, 31 Catholics and 19 Jews
1821 2140
1831 2459 German residents
1858 3327 including 3196 Evangelicals and 50 Catholics, three Mennonites and 78 Jews
1864 3658 on December 3rd
1875 3633
1880 3742
1890 3776 70 Catholics and 71 Jews
1905 4121 mostly evangelicals
1933 5414
1939 8376
Population development until today

Personalities

Johann Gottfried von Herder after a painting by Johann Ludwig Strecker (1775)
Herder's birthplace (picture from 1844)

sons and daughters of the town

chronologically according to the year of birth

Other personalities associated with the city

Attractions

  • From the Mohrungen Ordensburg, a wing that has been modified in some places has been preserved.
  • The Dohna-Schlösschen , which was largely destroyed in the Second World War , was restored until 1986 and houses the Herder Museum.
  • The core of the parish church St. Peter and Paul goes back to the first half of the 14th century.
  • The war damage to the Gothic town hall was repaired as early as 1947–1954.
  • Remnants of the city fortifications have been preserved.
  • In the south of the city lies the Rozlewisko Morąskie wetland . The Mohrungsee, dammed in the Middle Ages and drained in 1867, is now a wetland with over 150 species of birds. The renaturation of the 128 hectare area is ongoing.

  • Old sketch of the city panorama of Mohrungen

  • Remains of the Mohrungen order castle (14th century)

  • Parish Church of St. Peter and Paul (Protestant until 1945)

  • Rathausplatz with a captured gun from the war of 1870/71

  • Residential houses

  • Rozlewisko Morąskie (Mohrungsee)

traffic

Two secondary highways cross in the village, one of which leads after 13 kilometers to European route 77 Gdansk – Warsaw. The Morąg station located on the route Elblag - Olsztyn , also here began decommissioned and dismantled branch lines to Ostróda (Osterode) and Orneta (Wormditt).

local community

In addition to the city itself, the urban and rural municipality ( gmina miejsko-wiejska ) includes the following smaller towns:

Polish name German name (until 1945) Polish name German name (until 1945) Polish name German name (until 1945)
Anin Annenhof Kępa Kalnicka Wilhelmsthal Rogowo Corner field
Antoniewo Antonienhof Kretowiny Kranthau Rolnowo Rollnau
Bartężek Bärting Królewo Königsdorf Soot Reuss
Białka Gehlfeld Kruszewnia Krausenhof Silin Sillehnen
Bogaczewo Güldenboden Kudypy Cow thief Słonecznik Sonnenborn
Borzymowo Abraham's Pagan Łączno Meadow Stabuniki Stobnitt
Bożęcin Groß Gottswalde Lubin Louisenthal Strużyna Silberbach
Bramka Himmelforth Lusajny Małe Little Luzeinen Szczuplinki Pike angle
Chojnik Haguenau Maliniak Schertingswalde Szymanowo Simonetti
Dobrocinek New Bestendorf Markovo Reichertswalde Tątławki Tomlack
Dury Doehringshof Morzewko Mahrau Wenecja Venice
Dworek Back Niebrzydowo Małe Little Hermenau Wilnowo Willnau
Gubity Gubitten Niebrzydowo Wielkie Great Hermenau Wola Kudypska Wolla
Gulbity Golbitten Nowy Dwór Neuhof Worytki Klein Woritten
Jędrychówko Heinrichshof Obuchowo Obuchshöfchen Woryty Morąskie Woritten
Jurecki Młyn Georgenthaler mill Piłąg Pfeilings Żabi Róg horn
Jurki Georgenthal Plebania Wólka Parish field Zawroty Schwenkendorf (founded by Walter Rekittke * 1869)
Kadzianka Birdsong Prętki Friedrichsfelde Zbożne God's gift
Kalnik Kahlau Prośno Poerschken Zlotna Goldbach
Kamionka Steinsdorf Raj paradise Zwierzyniec Thiergarten

literature

  • Johann Friedrich Goldbeck : Complete topography of the Kingdom of Prussia . Part I: Topography of East Prussia . Königsberg / Leipzig 1785, p. 24, point 4).
  • August Eduard Preuss : Prussian country and folklore or description of Prussia. A manual for primary school teachers in the province of Prussia, as well as for all friends of the fatherland . Bornträger Brothers, Königsberg 1835, pp. 462–463, no. 77.
  • Michael Antoni (edit.): Dehio-Handbuch der Kunstdenkmäler West- and East Prussia. The former provinces of West and East Prussia (Deutschordensland Prussia) with Bütower and Lauenburger Land. Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich and Berlin 1993, ISBN 3-422-03025-5 , pp. 418-423.
  • Roland Brockmann, Dieter Luippold (arr.): Poland. 7th edition. completely overworked. and redesigned. Baedeker, Ostfildern 2006, ISBN 3-8297-1096-8 .
  • Izabella Gawin: Poland. The North. DuMont Reiseverlag, Cologne 2002, ISBN 3-7701-4745-6 .
  • Georg Hermanowski: East Prussia Lexicon. Geography, history, culture. Bechtermünz Verlag, Augsburg 1996, ISBN 3-86047-186-4 .
  • Erich Weise (Hrsg.): Handbook of historical places . Volume: East and West Prussia (= Kröner's pocket edition . Volume 317). Unchanged reprint of the 1st edition 1966. Kröner, Stuttgart 1981, ISBN 3-520-31701-X .

Web links

Commons : Morąg  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b population. Size and Structure by Territorial Division. As of June 30, 2019. Główny Urząd Statystyczny (GUS) (PDF files; 0.99 MiB), accessed December 24, 2019 .
  2. ↑ a b Friedrich August Vossberg : History of the Prussian coins and seals from the earliest times to the end of the rule of the Teutonic Order . Berlin 1843, p. 45 and panel XVI, no.49 .
  3. ^ A b Johann Friedrich Goldbeck : Complete topography of the Kingdom of Prussia . Part I: Topography of East Prussia . Königsberg / Leipzig 1785, p. 24, point 4).
  4. ↑ a b Johannes Voigt : History of Prussia from the oldest times to the fall of the rule of the Teutonic Order . Fourth volume: The time from the subjugation of Prussia in 1283 to Dieterich von Altenburg's death in 1341 . Königsberg 1830, p. 409.
  5. ↑ a b c Meyer's Large Conversation Lexicon . 6th edition, Volume 14, Leipzig and Vienna 1908, p. 25.
  6. ↑ a b c d Alexander August Mützell and Leopold Krug : New topographical-statistical-geographical dictionary of the Prussian state . Volume 5: T – Z , Halle 1823, pp. 338–339, item 451.
  7. ^ August Eduard Preuss : Prussian country and folklore or description of Prussia. A manual for primary school teachers in the province of Prussia, as well as for all friends of the fatherland . Bornträger Brothers, Königsberg 1835, pp. 462–463, no. 77.
  8. ↑ Adolf Schlott: Topographical-statistical overview of the government district of Königsberg, based on official sources . Hartung, Königsberg 1861, pp. 168-169, paragraph 160.
  9. ^ Prussian Ministry of Finance: The results of the property and building tax assessment in the Königsberg administrative district : Berlin 1966, Mohrungen district, p. 18, item 160.
  10. ↑ a b c d e Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. Landkreis Mohrungen (Polish Morag). (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).