Náchod (noble family)

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Family coat of arms of those of Náchod

The Lords of Náchod (Czech Páni z Náchoda ) were a Bohemian noble family, whose ancestral seat was the East Bohemian city of Náchod . From the 14th century, a branch of the family named itself after the Moravian fortress Březník as Březnický of Náchod ( Březničtí z Náchoda ).

history

The first known ancestor of the Lords of Náchod was a Načerat from the Načeraticer tribe ( Načeraticové ). It is possible that he was the Načerat who was mentioned together with his brother Smil in 1188 in a document from the Přemyslid Duke Friedrich for the Order of St. John . His son is a Pakoslav, who is documented in a document from the Moravian margrave Přemysl in 1239 and who later played an important role at the royal court. Pakoslav's sons were Načerat and Hron, who had been commissioned by the king, probably because of the position of their father, to colonize Eastern Bohemia.

  • Like his brother Hron, Načerat is first recorded for the year 1241. After 1241 he received the land northwest and north of the future city of Jičín on the edge of the Bohemian Paradise . Before 1258 he built the Brada Castle , which he held until 1263. His son Lév had to hand over the castle Brada to King Wenceslas II in 1304 and instead received the village of Štítary.
  • Hron, who followed his father in the position at the royal court, received the area further east on the central Metuje ( Mettau ). He is first documented on October 19, 1241 together with his brother Načerat in a document from King Wenceslaus I. At that time they appeared as witnesses for a foundation of the Teutonic Order in Miletín , where they were called "Nacherat et Hrono fratres, filii Pacozlay" ( Brothers Načerat and Hron, sons of Pakoslav ). Around 1250, Hron built the Náchod Castle on a strategically important place , which was probably a royal fief. It lay above the national path that ran from Prague via Náchod, on through the Glatzer Kessel , which belongs to Bohemia , and led over the pass from Wartha to Silesia .

With the predicate "von Náchod" Hron as "Gron de Nachod" is first documented in a Latin document of the Břevnov abbot Martin from August 9, 1254, with which the border between the Nachod rule and the Břevnov branch monastery Politz was established. It ran from Machau along the Židovka river to its confluence with the Mettau. The further limits of Hron's reign Nachod are not documented in writing for the time. It is believed, however, that they bordered the possessions of Riesenburg Castle along the Aupa in the west . In the east, the then sparsely populated rule of Nachod stretched along the state path to the river area of ​​the Reinerzer Weistritz . This lies beyond the Hummelpass, which was monitored from the higher Hummelburg . On November 14, 1256, Hron von Náchod was mentioned in a document from King Ottokar II. Přemysl and on November 3, 1260 he appeared together with his brother Načerat as a witness in a document from the Břevnov monastery. With this document, King Ottokar II. Přemysl confirmed the Politzer Sprengel ( Polický újezd ) to the monastery . At the same time he confirmed to the monastery the area behind the Braunau walls , which until 1260 belonged to the Glatzer Land and which the monastery had wrongly appropriated beforehand. On March 25, 1263, both brothers testified to a document from the king for the monastery and the city of Leitomischl .

Hron von Náchod was last mentioned in a document from 1289, when he and Vítek von Aupa / Alt-Trautenau ( Vítek z Ùpy ), Tas von Wiesenburg ( Tas z Vízmburka ) and Vítek von Turgov ( Vítek z Turgova ) testified that that King Wenceslas II handed over the town of Schömberg, which until then belonged to Bohemia, with the surrounding villages to the Schweidnitzer Duke Bolko I.

Hron von Náchod was also mentioned in the Dalimil Chronicle . Then he should together with Smil von Lichtenburg ( Smil Světlický z Lichtenburka ) and Gallus d. J. von Lämberg ( Havel mladší z Lemberka ) took part in an election of the Roman-German king on behalf of the Bohemian king , Dalimil Hron described as the "wisest" among them. Therefore, Hron is said to have received an improvement in the coat of arms from the elected Roman-German king . The original text in the Dalimil Chronicle reads: "Hron tu byl v radě ze všie rady múdřějším nazván, proto jmu říšškým králem černý lev na zlatém ščítě dán" ( Hron was called the wisest among the councils, therefore the Roman King a coat of arms with a black lion on a gold background ). Since the Bohemian king of Dalimil, who sent the three nobles, is not mentioned by name, it was previously assumed that the election of the Gerulfinger Wilhelm von Holland carried out in 1247 was meant. More recent research results assume that it was more likely to have been the elections of King Richard of Cornwall and the opposing King Alfons of Castile , which were carried out in quick succession ten years later . This version is more convincing because neither the predicate “von Náchod” nor the city of Náchod itself are documented for the year 1247. On the other hand, some historians suspect that this part of Dalimil's chronicle was invented to increase the importance and prestige of the three noble families involved.

The successor of Hron von Náchod was presumably his son Ješek von Náchod, who is only documented with his son of the same name for the year 1321. Around 1325 he and his brother Hron had to exchange castle and lordship Nachod with the Bohemian King John of Luxembourg for Kostelec nad Černými Lesy ( Costelicz in Nygra Sylva ). After that, members of the family sometimes called themselves "Lords of Kosteletz and Náchod" ( Páni z Kostelce az Náchoda ).

Moravian family branch

From the first half of the 14th century there is evidence of a Moravian branch of the Lords of Náchod. There they subsequently acquired numerous estates and named themselves after the fortress Březník "Březnický von Náchod" ( Březnický z Nachoda or Březničtí z Náchoda in the plural). The most famous member of this branch was

  • Georg / Jiří Březnický von Náchod, from 1619 "Březnický von Náchod and Lichtenburg" (* 1549 - † October 29, 1634); In 1614 he married Alena, daughter of Karl d. Ä. from Žerotín and the Eliška Kraiger from Kraigk . Georg / Jiří supported the Bohemian brothers on his estates . He and Albrecht von Waldstein served as colonel in the service of the Moravian estates. After these took part in the uprising of the estates in Bohemia , Georg / Jiří wanted to join the imperial army with his regiment in the spring of 1619. After the mutiny of his officers, Georg / Jiří fled to Vienna , where Emperor Ferdinand II elevated him to imperial count with the title "von Lichtenburg" ( z Lichtenburka ). His Moravian property was confiscated by the insurgents. In 1620 Georg / Jiří returned to Moravia, he received forgiveness from the Protestant Union and found access to the circle around King Friedrich I. In the course of the peace negotiations between the Union and the Catholic League, he was briefly imprisoned in the same year on suspicion of treason. After the battle of the White Mountain , he got his possessions back and was able to expand them to include other goods owned by punished insurgents. During this time Georg / Jiří converted to Catholicism. He enjoyed the favor of Ferdinand II, who appointed him imperial councilor and chief judge of Moravia . With his son Ferdinand Leopold Count von Náchod and Lichtenburg, the male line of the Lords of Náchod died out in 1672.

coat of arms

The family coat of arms shows a crowned, double-tailed black lion in gold . On the helmet with black and gold covers, a black flight covered with a gold sloping beam .

Possessions in Bohemia

Possessions in Moravia

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ According to cs: Páni z Náchoda is said to have founded Pakoslav Stará Paka ( Altpaka ).
  2. ↑ Genealogy
  3. ^ Elevation to Imperial Count
  4. ↑ Procházka novel : Genealogical manual of extinct Bohemian gentry families , Neustadt an der Aisch 1973, ISBN 3 7686 5002 2 , p. 206
  5. ^ J. Siebmacher's large and general book of arms, Volume IV, Section 10; The Moravian nobility; Author: H. von Kadich , C. Blazek ; Publication: Nuremberg: Bauer & Raspe, 1899, p. 88
  6. ↑ Želetice