Hohenhaus (Radebeul)

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Hohenhaus ( the high house ), until around 1830 Bischoffsberg , is a former vineyard property with a manor house in the Zitzschewig district of the Saxon city of Radebeul , which is now a listed entity . The 1904 in Gurlitt art monuments of Dresden area property listed is in the conservation area Historic vineyard landscape Radebeul , the monument was also in GDR times .

Hohenhaus
Zechsteinweg ( Saxon Wine Trail) to the east, view of Hohenhaus

The park property of the Hohenhaus, which is now largely forested, is located in the western part of Radebeul on the Barkenberge, up to 211 m high. The property covers an area of ​​12 hectares and has a height difference of about 80 meters. Together with the staffage, it is considered a work of landscape and garden design and is located in the Lößnitz landscape conservation area .

In addition to the building at Barkengasse 6, which was also known as Hohenhaus Castle in the 19th century , directly opposite the Zechstein mansion , there is another residential building at Mittleren Bergstrasse 20 and the nursery building at number 22 along with the property's boiler room.

The playwright and Nobel Prize laureate in literature Gerhart Hauptmann , who in the 1880s often stayed in what he called the "nest of the birds of paradise", like his brothers Carl and Georg , married one of the daughters of the then host Thienemann. On these occasions his early works Love Spring and The Wedding Procession were premiered there. Some later works also refer to his time at Hohenhaus.

description

Mansion

Hohenhaus Barkengasse 6

The castle-like, two-storey main house is located on a slope to the south, which gives the impression of three storeys with the basement. A high hipped roof with dormer windows sits on top of the building .

On the south-facing side of the slope there is a porch that has a round arched gate in the basement as an entrance to the large cellar barrel. Above on the ground floor, the porch is designed as a massive, three-axis glazed veranda, with an exit on top. In front of the veranda there is an outside staircase leading down to the garden on both sides . There is a large gable at the top of the roof .

On the west side of the building, facing the street and the entrance gate, there is a gable-crowned risalit with a side portal. Links scheduled next is a turn-trained staircase tower with bow window and hood .

On the mountain side there is a round arched door with a console-supported roof as an entrance portal .

Together with the manor house, the gate system and the enclosure wall are also listed.

Outbuildings

Outbuilding of the high house after renovation
Outbuilding of the Hohenhaus, Mittlere Bergstrasse 20
Horticulture and boiler house of the Hohenhaus, after partial renovation, Mittlere Bergstrasse 22,
Horticulture and boiler house, Mittlere Bergstrasse 22

The also listed and partially renovated outbuildings, a residential house and the nursery building along with the property's boiler house, are located at Mittlere Bergstrasse 20 and 22 respectively.

park

The large park of the House is deemed to be work of landscape and garden design , it is in the conservation area Historic vineyard landscape Radebeul as well as in the conservation area Lößnitz . The osseous thorn ( Maclura pomifera ), which grows in a protected location on the east side of the Hohenhaus and is native to North America, has dendrological value . Its large, round fruits with a yellow-green color and a grained surface structure are striking in autumn.

A Japanese pagoda tree ( Styphnolobium japonicum ) stands directly in front of the south front of the manor house . This tree species from East Asia is very decorative because of its late flowering in August.

A characteristic feature of Hohenhaus Park are the hackberry trees ( Celtis occidentalis ) with their beautiful golden yellow autumn colors. They belong to the elm family . Your home is North America. Hedgehog trees can reach heights of up to 35 m and develop very broad crowns . The silver-gray, deeply grooved bark is also striking. In the southern part of the park there is a venerable specimen, from which the other younger hackberry trees in the park presumably also descend.

A ginkgo tree ( Ginkgo biloba ) is located southeast of the goldfish pond , but it was only planted at a later date.

In the area of ​​the tennis court there are large specimens of the American red oak ( Quercus rubra ), which were probably planted in connection with the construction of the tennis court after the property was taken over by the Stechow family (from 1885). The specimen of Jeffrey's pine ( Pinus jeffreyi ) in the lower part of the property (gardening area) was planted in 1887 under the then owner together with other, no longer preserved conifers. In the United States, it is mainly based in California . The needles up to 20 cm long and very large cones are striking.

Of the species native to us, an old sycamore maple ( Acer pseudoplatanus ) and some stately white elms ( Ulmus laevis ) next to the gardener's house and in the lower part of the park are worth mentioning. Interesting old specimens of field maple ( Acer campestre ) stand on a stone rib next to the Barkengasse.

history

The slope was mentioned as a vineyard as early as the 14th century, owned by Bishop Konrad II of Meißen in 1373 . There was already a wine press on the property. The summer residence of the Meißner bishops was built there on the Bischofsberg in the 15th century . The last episcopal lords at the time of the Reformation were Johann VIII von Maltitz until 1549, then Nicolaus II von Carlowitz until 1555 and Johann IX. from Haugwitz until after 1575.

In 1584, the Naundorf farmer Simon Clauss acquired both the so-called Bischofsberg and the Simon Clauss Preß , later named after him by Matthias Oeder , today's Bishop 's Press . Before 1602, the electoral court official Abraham Bock (or his son Abraham Bock the Younger) acquired the property; it remained in the family until after 1619.

During the 17th century, under Oberhofmarschall and Oberhofkämmerer Johann Georg von Rechenberg , owner from 1654, the conversion of an existing winegrower's house. In particular, the peculiar chimney systems on the 1st floor date from the Rechenberg era; one of the chimneys still shows the Rechenberg coat of arms. The striking Renaissance gable and the high roof behind it probably also date from that time : the reason for the change of name from Bischofsberg to Hohes Haus . His wife Rachel Freiin von Werthern , daughter of Dietrichen von Werthern zu Frohndorf, owner of Triestewitz Castle , brought the vineyard below the Hohenhausweg to the property, which from then on comprised sixteen contiguous mountain parts. After the death of her husband in 1664, she acted as the guardian of her sons Hans Dietrich and Hans Georgen.

In 1699, Field Marshal Heino Heinrich von Flemming, who was raised to the rank of Imperial Count in the following year, acquired the Hohenhaus estate. He was followed by his son Adam Friedrich von Flemming , who had the property auctioned in 1748. The farmyard marshal Grundmann acquired the property, who then sold the Werther vineyard to two Zitzschewig farmers.

In 1821 the property belonged to the Lehmann appellate court registry.

Hohenhaus from the north-eastern mountainside. Picture probably at the time of Hauptmann, before the restyling of 1885

The businessman August Thienemann bought Hohenhaus in 1832. He died on the property in 1853, which was then taken over by his nephew Hermann. The development of the property since 1864, when the Berlin wool wholesaler Berthold Thienemann acquired the property from his brother Hermann as a summer residence, is probably only decisive for the development of the park and the effect of the entire complex in its current form. As early as 1865, Thienemann had all the stable and shed buildings rebuilt by the Kötzschenbroda master mason August Große .

Fountain system

In connection with the expansion of the building as a country estate, a spacious, now wooded, park was created, which was equipped with numerous elements of the small architecture. Existing woods were supplemented by new plantings and developed with an extensive system of paths. The park has been upgraded by classifying and designing numerous viewpoints and small adventure areas.

Gerhart Hauptmann and Marie Thienemann (from right), 1881

The later playwright Gerhart Hauptmann stayed in the Hohenhaus frequently from 1881 to 1885 and called it a "nest of the birds of paradise".

For the wedding of his brother Georg to Adele, one of the five Thienemann daughters from Hohenhaus, in September 1881, Gerhart Hauptmann wrote the little festival Liebesfrühling , which was premiered on bachelorette party. At this wedding he met his sister Marie Thienemann, to whom he secretly became engaged.

His brother Carl Hauptmann married Martha Thienemann in 1884, another of the five sisters.

On May 5, 1885, Gerhart married Hauptmann Marie Thienemann. He immortalized Radebeul's life in the novella Die Hochzeit auf Buchenhorst and in his youth work Die Jungfern vom Bischofsberg .

Hohenhaus (left) at the time of Stechow, Haus Emaus (middle), seen from Zechsteinweg in the west. Postcard dated 1903

After the Thienemann heirs sold the Hohenhaus in 1885, the new owner, Dr. Walther Stechow , redesigned the building in the neo-renaissance style by the Dresden architects Giese & Weidner . A spiral tower was placed in front of the house in the west and a large balcony in the south. His son, the zoologist Eberhard Stechow , who was born in Berlin in 1883 , grew up in the Hohenhaus.

After the Second World War, the property was not expropriated, but used by the city of Radebeul.

The writer, literary scholar and captain collector Hansgerhard Weiss (1902–1982) moved to the Hohenhaus in 1947. The Hauptmann memorial there was opened there on November 14, 1948, within which Weiss ran a Hauptmann workshop . Weiss' large collection of Gerhart Hauptmann and Carl Hauptmann works, life documents, letters and autographs as well as additional secondary literature on these two formed the basis for the Radebeul Hauptmann Archive , which was opened in Hohenhaus on June 6, 1949 and which Hansgerhard Weiss also initially directed. There was also the private collection of the author Alexander Münch (1900–1984). The archive was operated under the patronage of the Radebeul local group of the Kulturbund . In 1950 Weiss moved to West Germany.

When Weiss left in 1950, Alexander Münch took over the management of the research archive. The archive gained international fame through further collecting activities by Münch, through exhibitions, lectures and publications. In 1960 it was first moved to the Hoflößnitz cavalier house and in 1961 to the Steinbach villa on Bennostraße .

Hohenhaus, Museum of the Puppet Theater Collection, 1989

From 1960 to 2004, was then in the House Puppet Theater Collection of the Staatliche Kunstsammlungen Dresden is home. After renovation work between 1982 and 1985, the Hohenhaus was opened as a museum.

The Hohenhaus is currently being breathed new life into by an entrepreneur who moved from Hamburg and who acquired the property from the Stechow community of heirs in July 2003. Literary evenings, concert performances and historical lectures are held there. Together with the current owner, the Radebeul writer Thomas Gerlach , who was honored in 2006 for his "special commitment to the Hohenhaus", gives regular guided tours through the now wooded park of father Thienemann, showing the viewpoints created for the mother who died prematurely which young Gerhart and his older brother Carl Hauptmann also worked on.

On September 22, 2007, Marie Hauptmann's former tombstone was erected as a memorial stone on the grounds of the Hohenhaus .

Works about Hohenhaus

Hohenhaus and his experiences there find their literary expression in the following works by Gerhart Hauptmann :

  • Jugendwerke - Berlin (Propylaea) 1963 (Centenar edition, vol. 8):
    • Love spring. A lyric poem (with roles assigned). Private print 1881. UA September 24, 1881 Hohenhaus (for the wedding of Georg Hauptmann and Adele Thienemann). Made in 1881.
    • The wedding procession (poem with assigned roles). UA 6 October 1884 Hohenhaus (for the wedding of Carl Hauptmann and Martha Thienemann). Made in 1884.
  • The maidens from the Bischofsberg. Comedy (5 acts). Berlin (S. Fischer) 1907. Created 1904–1906 (preliminary stage: Golden Times. A Spring Morning , 1892). Premiere February 2, 1907 Berlin (Lessing Theater; director: Rudolf Lenoir [1863–1952]; dramaturgy: Otto Brahm; with Else Lehmann [Sabine], Ida Orloff [Ludowike], Albert Bassermann [Nast], Hans Marr [vagabond]).
  • Mary . 1926.
  • The wedding on Buchenhorst. Novella . Berlin (S. Fischer) 1932. Composed in 1927.
  • Book of Passion . Berlin (S. Fischer) 1929. Made 1905–1929.
  • The adventure of my youth (autobiography). Berlin (S. Fischer) 1937. Created 1929–1935 (preliminary stage: The abbreviated chronicle of my life , 1919; working title: The path of blood , growing and becoming , changeable and unchangeable of a youth , essence and shape of a youth , everything transient is only a parable ). - Review of the autobiography: Berlin (Propylaea) 1974 (Centenar edition, vol. 11).

Hohenhaus and his experiences there find their literary expression in the following work by Carl Hauptmann :

  • The partridges. Comedy in five acts . Leipzig (Kurt Wolff Vlg.) 1916.

literature

Web links

Commons : Hohenhaus  - Collection of Images

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Monument registration 09304991: Material entirety Weingut Hohenhaus. Retrieved November 23, 2019.
  2. ↑ Jana Simon: Rich and poor in Saxony: Above the roofs of Radebeul . In: Die Zeit , No. 51/2009, p. 3.
  3. ↑ a b Volker Helas (arrangement): City of Radebeul . Ed .: State Office for Monument Preservation Saxony, Large District Town Radebeul (=  Monument Topography Federal Republic of Germany . Monuments in Saxony ). SAX-Verlag, Beucha 2007, ISBN 978-3-86729-004-3 , p. 73/74 and enclosed map .
  4. ↑ Monument entry 08950584: individual monuments of the whole of the Hohenhaus estate. Retrieved November 23, 2019.
  5. ↑ Monument entry 08950842: Individual monument belonging to the whole of the Hohenhaus estate: residential building (with extension) of a former winery. Retrieved November 23, 2019.
  6. ↑ Monument entry 08951401: Individual monuments of the Hohenhaus entity: nursery of a former winery, with gardener's house, gate and enclosure wall as well as boiler house (including steam engine and chimney). Retrieved November 23, 2019.
  7. ↑ a b Hohenhaus Radebeul: From the bishop's seat to the fairytale castle
  8. ↑ a b Eberhard Stechow : Chronicle of the high house . (PDF) accessed on May 17, 2012.
  9. ^ Triestewitz Castle.
  10. ↑ Owner of Hermsdorf Castle ( Memento from October 25, 2009 in the Internet Archive )
  11. ^ Adolf Schruth; Manfred Richter (edit.): Chronicle: The Prokuraturamts- und Syndikatsdorf Zitzschewig . Radebeul, S. 31 ( heimatgeschichte-radebeul.lima-city.de [PDF; 656 kB ] 1934; 1986/2010).
  12. ↑ History of the Hohenhaus
  13. ^ Hohenhaus: Activities
  14. ↑ Radebeuler Official Gazette 02/2006, p. 6.

Coordinates: 51 ° 7 ′ 16 "  N , 13 ° 36 ′ 38.3"  E