Neuburger Hof

Neuburger Hof City of Langenfeld (Rhineland) Coordinates: 51 ° 4 ′ 12 ″  N , 6 ° 58 ′ 30 ″  E
Height :	64 m above sea level NN
Location of Neuburger Hof in Langenfeld (Rhineland)

The Neuburger Hof in Langenfeld is the southernmost location of the Reusrath district on the city limits of Leverkusen - Opladen . The archaeological site on the Rosendahlsberg , where a grave field from the 1st century AD was discovered, is linked to it.

location

The Neuburger Hof is located in the extreme southern tip of Reusrath and thus also in the southernmost area of ​​the city ​​of Langenfeld (Rhineland) . It is approached from Bundesstraße 8 via Raoul-Wallenberg-Straße , Solinger Straße branching off to the right and Hauweg . From the direction of Mehlbruch , Schnepprath or Hecke , the farm can only be reached via dirt roads.

history

The farm itself was not built until the 1920s, but the history of its settlement area goes back to the Paleolithic around 35,000 years ago. During the track construction work in 1845 for the Cologne-Mindener Eisenbahn-Gesellschaft , a gravel pit was dug to extract gravel for track construction . Workers discovered the first graves , as it turned out later, of the largest burial ground between the Rhine and Weser rivers . The area covers about two hectares and extends towards Mehlbruch and Schnepprath . Most of the finds were made northeast of the Neuburger Hof, about 400–500 m northeast of trigonometric point 54.1 and about 400 m southwest of this point.

Locations

Today, the site is largely archaeologically developed, as Friedrich Springensguth, who hid 245 cremation graves there for the Roman-Germanic Museum Cologne and the Rheinisches Landesmuseum Bonn in 1911 and 1912 , continued to research the Rosendahlsberg after his retirement . Later he found 26 other graves in a wider area, such as the Rheindorfer Hardt, also on Mehlbruch and Schnepprath for grave goods made of iron , silver , bronze , glass , horn , horses - bones and coins that had survived the cremation . While Springensguth did not discover a Germanic settlement site , but only the associated waste pit on the Rosendahlsberg , he found a Neolithic settlement site near today's Pescher Hof. A rampart near the burial ground is still waiting to be explored. In this respect, the research on and around the Rosendahlsberg is not yet complete.

Finds and meaning

About the finds in detail (without claim to completeness), some of which were judged by experts to be “overwhelming”: From the Stone Age, for example, there were over 500 flint tools and pleats , from the Bronze Age a ring , from the Roman Empire a fragment of one Jug , as well as remains of a bronze bell . Springensguth also discovered urns covered by flat bowls from the 800th century BC, string ceramics , shards of clay pots from the Germanic , Roman and Carolingian times as well as from the Iron Age , as well as glazed clay shards from the early Middle Ages. Overall, as the reading and grave finds admit , the settlement period of the Rosendahlsberg ranged from the Stone Age to the 4th century AD, 200-300 years longer than in other parts of the Rhineland , where the migration of peoples began as early as the 1st century AD Century AD began. At that time, many Teutons , here the Sugambres , withdrew from the areas to the right of the Rhine to the Roman Empire on the other side of the river . The last treasures recovered from the early and early days of the Rosendahlsberg date back to the end of the Roman Empire around 360 AD.

The mouse path

The mouse path is probably the oldest trade route in the Rhineland. It also ran over the Rosendahlsberg at the Neuburger Hof . Its route and its existence have been proven by grave finds since the Iron Age. This is how the route was reconstructed coming from the Siegburger Land over the Wahner Heide to Leverkusen - Opladen .

In Langenfeld , the mouse path first crossed the area of ​​today's Neuburger Hof and Schnepprath , then passed Köttingen and Kämpe to Hausingen . From there, the route led over today's Opladener Straße through the locations Hagelkreuz and Galkhausen . The route continued over the Hucklenbruch through the Talstrasse , and over the Ganspohl and the Richrather Strasse to Richrath , where there was a customs house shortly before the city limits to Hilden . Grave fields have so far been found on the Rosendahlsberg and the Hagelkreuz . A third burial ground from Germanic times is said to have been located in the area of ​​the gallows at the customs house.

The mouse path finally ran via Hilden , Erkrath , Düsseldorf , Duisburg to Essen , where it reached Hellweg . In the High Middle Ages , the route was also used by the Hanseatic League (as the so-called Hansestraße ) from Cologne to Dortmund , Soest , Bremen , Hamburg and Lübeck .

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b c} Stefanie Jooß, graves as silent witnesses . (No longer available online.) January 26, 2009, formerly in the original ; Retrieved August 13, 2009 .  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.    
2. ^ ^{A b c d e} Rolf Müller, " Stadtgeschichte Langenfeld Rheinland ", Verlag Stadtarchiv Langenfeld 1992
3. ↑ ^{a b c} Friedhelm Görgens, Langenfeld , Droste, Düsseldorf 1984
4. ↑ ^{a b} Hermann Bannitza, Prehistoric sites in Haan (Rhineland) , Haan 1986
5. ↑ Heinz Müller, place and field names in the home calendar of the Rhein-Wupper district 1955, p. 41 ff.

literature

• Rolf Müller: City history Langenfeld. Verlag Stadtarchiv, Langenfeld 1992
• Friedhelm Görgens: Langenfeld. Droste, Düsseldorf 1984
• Hermann Bannitza: Prehistoric sites in Haan (Rhineland). Haan 1986