Immigrath

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Immigrath
Coordinates: 51 ° 6 ′ 43 ″  N , 6 ° 57 ′ 17 ″  E
Height : 49 m above sea level NN
Immigrath (Langenfeld (Rhineland))
Immigrath

Location of Immigrath in Langenfeld (Rhineland)

Immigrath is the district of the city ​​of Langenfeld (Rhineland) , which today forms the city center.

geography

Town hall Langenfeld

Richrath borders Immigrath to the north, Langenfeld- Wiescheid to the east and Leichlingen (Rhineland) to the south . The southern border is Reusrath , which also belongs to Langenfeld like Berghausen in the west. Langenfeld-Mitte , bordering in the southwest and where the district court can be found today, used to belong to a large extent to Immigrath. This old center of the city is now treated as a separate district because of the former town hall location and the relocation of the administrative headquarters to the intersection of Theodor-Heuss-Straße , Solinger Straße and Richrather Straße . Possibly Langfort , which in the 1970s from partial areas Rich Rath and Berghausen emerged, again following this example.

Immigrath is essentially located on the river terrace of the Rhine , which is also known as the "Heideterrasse". The district is therefore largely flattened and is only traversed by a few streams that flow down from the western edge of the Bergisches Land . These include in particular here Hardt Bach as well as from Gladbach originating with the same name Gladbach who are to Immigrather Bach unite. Also worth mentioning is the Blockbach, which is fed from springs in Leichlingen and spring pots in the Further Moor . All brooks feed their water to the Galkhauser Bach , today the "border" to Langenfeld-Mitte, which flows into the Baumberger Altrheinarm via the Garather Mühlenbach .

A first geographical peculiarity is an elevation, presumably formed by a silted up arm of the now distant Rhine , which runs from the current headquarters of the Sparkasse through the streets Hans-Holbein-Straße , Im Schaufsfeld and Im Bruchfeld . In the streets crossing these streets, the elevation measuring only a few meters is particularly noticeable. Another (or the extension of the first) sand dune can be found in the area of Solinger Straße , Richrather Straße , Breslauer Straße and Feldstraße . In the Hardt , the terrain gradually rises towards Wiescheid to the heights of the Bergisches Land .

A second peculiarity that Immigrath has in common with Wiescheid is the remnants of the sand mountains, which are still known as Leichlinger Sandberge . On the Leichlingen side, apart from half a Heidberg, they were completely excavated by the building materials industry and are now being backfilled in a landfill . On the other hand, on the Langenfeld side, three mountains with the names Kellerhansberg , Spürklenberg and Wenzelnberg have been preserved .

history

Oldest testimonies

As in other parts of the city, the oldest finds date from the Stone Age . For example, a fragment of a stone ax from the Younger Stone Age was found on Spürklenberg , as well as a stone ax and a beaker from the same time to the west and east of the former Immigrath train station . In the sense of permanent housing , Immigrath has probably been settled since the 9th century, provided that the excavation findings at the churches of Richrath and Reusrath can be transferred to all places with the ending -rath (for clearing ). Archaeological excavations in Immigrath are now unlikely to have any prospect of success due to the brisk construction activity since the beginning of the 20th century. Hopefully, therefore, remains on chance finds , as in the case of found by a child Mercurius - statuette in Rich Rath .

Origin of the name "Immigrath"

The origin of the name , as well as the beginning of the settlement , is still unclear. "Immig" is interpreted by Heinrich Dittmaier as the clearing of an Imicho , others assume that the name is an Immo and still others assume that the oaks (Immen?) Have been cleared , of which Eichenfeldstrasse is supposed to bear witness.

Motte Flachenhof am Blockbach

First settlement sites

The farms in Gladbach near Immigrath were first mentioned in a document in 1350/1370. If you include the Meisental "Meysenole" (near the toll path) , which is now in the middle , it even dates back to 1336. The Dückeburg was first mentioned in documents in 1444, Immigrath itself in 1446. A still undated medieval moth in the extension of Burgstrasse is also worth mentioning at the Flachenhof ( Motte Flachenhof ), the remains of which are now registered as a ground monument. Fragments found there date back to the 12th century. No permanent accommodation but a possibly temporarily occupied Roman camp against rebellious Teutons is also suspected on the basis of urns from Roman times on the Bone Mountain .

The development of the district

As in all of Langenfeld, Immigrath's settlement history began with the reclamation of forest , bog and heather areas , an activity that continued into the early decades of the 20th century. From the early modern era , various sideline activities for the Solingen cutlery industry and the processing of wool were added. The further development of the district has been shaped by convenient transport connections. Immigrath experienced a major development boost with the opening of the Troisdorf-Mülheim-Morsbroich-Opladen-Immigrath-Richrath-Speldorf railway line by the former Rheinische Eisenbahngesellschaft on November 18, 1874. This was the first time that industrial and commercial enterprises were attracted to a large extent to settle in Immigrath. The first weaving mills settled here from around 1860 and metal processing companies from around 1895. Today Langenfeld is home to a wide variety of manufacturing and trading industries.

Long before the advent of the railroad, the Mauspfad was the oldest long-distance trade route through the Rhineland , on which goods and services were exchanged . But not only commercial goods, but also presumably ideas were exchanged through the contacts of the travelers. In the early Middle Ages , the mouse path was then part of the Hanse route network, but was replaced in places by a new north-south route, the Via Publica, due to the ascent of Düsseldorf . The street, also known as Köln-Arnheimer Chaussee (after the endpoints), is identical in Langenfeld with today's B 8 . Another important long-distance trade route was the Elberfeld – Hitdorf provincial road between Hitdorfer Rheinhafen and Bergisches Land , today's B 229 . It was also a connection going back to older long-distance routes. In any case, the stagecoaches rolled over the north-south connection between Cologne and Düsseldorf from 1668 and additional mail carts between Münster and Cologne from 1699 . For the year 1784, the overview already shows four post lines, both horse riding and traveling mail (directions Cologne, Düsseldorf and Elberfeld) for the Cölln-Düsseldorfer middle station, which was located in Langenfeld. So that the station provided an important hub for travelers as well as for the distribution of mail in all four directions represent this history. Post - tradition is nowadays the mail center continued.

  • Schoppengasse through development of the Marktplatz

  • Solinger Strasse with the city gallery in Immigrath

  • Marktarkaden, Immigrath, on the right once Hertie

  • Fire station with logo "L" for Langenfeld

Pioneering bundling was all on residential interested in Langenfeld in Building Association Langenfeld, in 1919 as an association of private individuals and companies as well as the city of Langenfeld as the main shareholder was established to apartments for the workers who create the industrialization came to Langenfeld. It is therefore not without reason that the settlement on Steinrausch between Immigrath and Richrath is now a listed building .

From today's perspective, the decision to turn away from the old center with the main street as the only and long shopping mile turns out to be forward-looking. When the town hall was relocated to Immigrath in 1977 (inauguration on October 1, 1977), the possibility of creating a new center arose . After the construction of the town hall, construction began on the market square , which resulted in the Schoppengasse , which is popular today and where many a wine festival has already taken place . With the construction of the market arcades as the southern boundary of the city center and the market hall in the sense of an enrichment of the range of delicacies , the next steps were taken in the same direction; There are also two shopping centers (Stadtgalerie and Marktkarrée).

Development and education

As mentioned, agriculture played a prominent role until the end of the 19th century, not only in Langenfeld, but throughout Europe . The processing of wool by means of spinning and weaving , on the other hand, only became a second mainstay of the population living here from the 17th century . A good two hundred years earlier, however, products were already being manufactured by home workers for the Solingen cutlery industry. In 1449, for example, a first knife maker was named for Hackhausen, which was located on the city limits of Solingen and once belonged to Langenfeld. Apart from this peculiarity in the Solingen area, however, the industrial development history of Langenfeld with the textile industry (according to today's knowledge) shows the way to industrialization , which may apply to many regions in Europe. Reference should therefore be made at this point in particular to the lemma for Langenfeld's industrial region, the Hardt .

Almost nothing is reported about the individual people of the hamlets and farmers , from which not only Immigrath but also the whole of Langenfeld grew together. At best, church registers provide information about names and existences, and only when they were born, married, had children and died. The reason for this is that they did not record anything themselves, mostly because they could not read or write . It is different with educated people of this time. In addition to aristocrats, there were some clergymen , such as Hermann Ludovici (1731–1802, Catholic pastor at St. Martinus from 1767 to 1802, who left a remarkable world chronicle ( Richrather Chronik )) or his Lutheran contemporary Johannes Löh, pastor at Martin Luther -Kirche in Reusrath , which dealt with botany and did a lot for horticulture . From this one can see that only education can offer a way out of poverty and heteronomy on the one hand and open up the chance of self-realization on the other . In this respect, it is the most important duty of every community to give all sections of the population access to education. So to the schools in the district:

Fountain at the market in Immigrath

The schools in Immigrath

First elementary schools

The school history in Immigrath began with a Maria Elisabeth Schorr , daughter of the teacher in Reusrath , who at the end of the 18th century wanted to spare the Protestant children the long journey to Reusrath. However, in 1791 she was removed from office because of her "dubious lifestyle" because she had given birth to three children without having married. So the Protestant children first had to go back to Reusrath until a Protestant school was set up in Immigrath again in 1853. The Catholic pupils studied in Richrath until 1839 , when a Catholic elementary school , the building of which is now used as a Catholic youth home, was established. In 1914 this school moved into the building of the Felix Metzmacher School, which still exists today . The author of an article in the Heimatbuch 1928 raved about this house : "This building, which was built according to a design by Professor Peter Klotzbach , Barmen , can still be regarded today as the most beautiful school building in the school supervisory district , a picturesque image to the outside, a practical, airy and healthy home inside. "

Today's schools

Today the community elementary school Am Brückentor (1969) with roots in the Protestant elementary school from 1853 is located in Immigrath. In addition, there is the Catholic Christophorus elementary school (1903) and the community elementary school Erich-Kästner, which emerged again from the Protestant elementary school of 1853. School (1969) as well as the community secondary school Käthe-Kollwitz-Schule (1969). All three schools mentioned are located on Fahlerweg . The range of schools has been supplemented by the Kopernikus Realschule on Pommernweg since 1964 , the Prismaschule (comprehensive school) founded in 2013 on Fröbelstraße and the Johann Gutenberg Realschule, which will be closed in the future.

In addition, the adult education center , which has existed since 1946 and whose school premises are located in the cultural center on Ganspohl , is based in Immigrath.

Konrad-Adenauer-Gymnasium
Konrad-Adenauer-Gymnasium in Langenfeld's Immigrath district

On December 19, 1963, the City Council of Langenfeld decided to set up a two-class (18 classes) urban high school for boys and girls. Construction should begin on April 1st, 1967. The trigger was the increasing number of pupils and the desire to relieve the existing secondary schools . On the first Sunday in December 1966, the city's new grammar school was officially opened in the gymnasium of the Realschule on Pommernweg. In the first year 80, in the second year already 250 students attended the school, the first director of which was Dr. Fritz Vomhof was. In autumn 1969 the number of pupils reached 550, so that the move from Gieslenberger Straße to the new building Auf dem Sändchen with the official inauguration on June 6, 1970 was very much welcomed.

From an architectural point of view, the three-storey main building is built around an atrium , both with a square floor plan . At three of the four corners it has one to two-story extensions, also with a square floor plan, with an atrium in the teachers' wing. The building can be looked through in a north-south direction (or vice versa) through window fronts on the ground floor towards the outside and towards the atrium . This gives the building clad with exposed aggregate concrete panels a certain lightness. Overall, the school is reminiscent of ancient Roman models because of the layout, although it was built in the style of its time, some believe.

  • Architectural monument Haus Arndt , Immigrath- Ganspohl

  • Architectural monument Gladbacher Hof, Immigrath- Gladbach

  • Immigrath station (1874), not yet a monument

  • Flachenhof in Immigrath in front of high-rise buildings

Historic Buildings

Secular buildings

In addition to the churches, there are still a few secular buildings that tell of Langenfeld's long history of settlement. For the buildings shown above in detail:

  • House Arndt bears the year 1667 in the bay gable, but the year of construction is unknown. Moreover, that was homestead presumably not by a person with name built Arndt. As far as we know today, the house was only given this name after it was acquired by the building contractor Ludwig Arndt, who bought the property , which was then used for agricultural purposes in 1898. The two under monument protection standing building was renovated indeed 1991/92 from scratch, but the gastronomic use of the main building was not adequately taken into account. Another renovation of this building was carried out in 2014. The freestanding stable, also built to the south-west, in half-timbered construction, now houses a wine shop.
  • The manor house of the Gladbacher Hof dates from 1786. It is said to have been owned by noble families for centuries. As is well known, however, it went to a Karl Halbach in 1888 and to Rudolf Kronenberg in 1917. It has been owned by the city of Langenfeld since 1969.
  • The Immigrather Bahnhof was opened on November 18, 1874. It lies on the railway line Troisdorf-Mülheim-Morsbroich-Opladen-Immigrath Rich Rath Speldorf operated almost exclusively with freight trains, or on the empty Intercity trains between repair shop in Dortmund and Cologne commute. The stop in Richrath was opened on October 1, 1898, but trains no longer stop at either location today.
  • The Flachenhof, located near the Motte am Blockbach, is structurally more recent, but as a farmyard it could once have belonged to the Motte Flachenhof am Blockbach . In any case, fragments found on this moth, as well as parallels drawn by science from the investigation of the Husterknupp moth, suggest a settlement at this point as far back as the eleventh or twelfth century. As far as "the legend of the sunken castle " is attached to this moth, reference is made to the wording of Heinz Müller's tradition under " Hapelrath ". The legend explicitly refers to a sandy hill and not to a tower hill castle still surrounded by water . It is also reported that it was very well preserved until the 19th century.

The Churches of Immigraths

The chapel at Steinrausche

The church history Immigrather Raths begins with a chapel , the most " Steinrausch supposed to have been." An initial uncertainty arises when interpreting the name: On the one hand, the rushing over stones in the stream is assumed to be the origin, which, however, seems rather unlikely due to the sandy and flat terrain. The same applies to further interpretations in the direction of the first word component " stone " in this predominantly sandy heathland . An interpretation of the phonetic translation of the Germanic "labis" (= Bach) into the Latin "lapis" (= stone), which sounds almost the same, also appears lifted. On the other hand, the assumption about the plant name "Steinrausch", with which the crowberry was designated, is more exciting . This occurs in heaths and on dunes as a shrub . The aspen , popularly known as "Rausche", could also have been the godmother of the name. And eventually going with "noise" in the hunter language and the wild boar called.

The oldest mention of the chapel can be found in a debt deed from 1676. From this we learn that the chapel was built at the expense of the married couple Winand and Margaretha Stein. Only later sources reveal that the chapel was dedicated to St. Joseph of Nazareth . Since it was further stated in 1662 by the pastor of Richrath, Thomas Wendelen, that there are no chapels, monasteries or other holy places in his district, it must be concluded that this first chapel must have been built after 1662 and before 1676. A more precise dating is not possible.

This first chapel must have been a small, poor building , constantly affected by the floods of the brook . In any case, the building had to be canceled in 1830 due to its dilapidation. This first chapel was built from half-timbered walls and stood on stone foundations . This was followed by a second chapel, about 8.80 m long and 5.65 m wide, which was described as more spacious. While there are no other written documents about the new chapel, the Festschrift about St. Josef reports that the construction had to be stopped by the police. When the building was finished, except for the roof cladding, it was forbidden to continue and the walls were demolished again. Instead of the chapel, a simple cross was erected, which is today in front of the town hall on the corner of Solinger Strasse and Theodor Heuss Strasse .

St. Joseph

The immigration to Langenfeld increased the call for an own parish church in Immigrath from 1880 onwards . Meetings for this were held in the Catholic youth home . The foundation stone for St. Josef was laid in 1886. The tower was completed in 1924, the steel bells were hung in the tower in spring 1925. The Marienglocke of the emergency church was then given to St. Paulus .

St. Mary of the Assumption

In April 1951, the parish of St. Josef acquired 6740 m² of land to build a daughter church in Hardt. The increase in the number of believers in the church made expansion necessary. The church was built in 1956 according to the plans of the architect Bernhard Rotterdam . 1958 was church to the rank of Rector parish collected.

Evangelical Church of the Redeemer

Not only did the number of Catholic Christians grow with the influx of factory workers , but so did the number of Protestants in Immigrath. That is why the Erlöserkirche was built in the Hardt as the second and to this day largest Protestant church . Inaugurated in gray was stone blocks built church under Pastor Buse in November 1909th

population

On December 31, 2007 ( reference date ), 16,651 inhabitants lived in Immigrath, the most populous district of the city of Langenfeld (Rhineland).

economy

The Langenfeld from the A 3 from the Hardt retraction end is aware that particular Immigrath to a considerable extent by industrial and commercial is marked. South of the B 229 is the headquarters of the ara group (ara-shoes), one of Langenfeld's largest employers. The industrial area east, which extends to Richrath , can still be reached via Schneiderstraße . Metal processing companies such as Arco-Pumpen, Cornelius Apparatebau, Lindau- Galvanotechnik , Schmees Edelstahlwerk , Vits or Groove (Germany) , truck cranes and others, forwarding companies such as Kraftverkehr Nagel, Deutsche Kleiderspedition DKS and others, as well as many other manufacturing or trading businesses are located there . Another motorway connection finally joins the Schneiderstraße via the A 542 and Bergische Landstraße from the direction of Leichlingen , making it one of the busiest streets in the city.

societies

  • Langenfeld riflemen from 1834
  • VfB 06 Langenfeld
  • Quartettverein Gladbach from 1919
  • St. Sebastianus Schützenbruderschaft Immigrath, founded on September 24, 1924
  • Kolping Family Immigrath, founded on April 9, 1930
  • Sportgemeinschaft Langenfeld 92/72 eV, emerged u. a. from the Immigrather Turnverein (ITV) from 1892
  • Badminton Club Langenfeld 1954 eV

Personalities

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Rolf Müller, " local history Langenfeld Rheinland ", Verlag City Archives 1992 Langenfeld
  2. ↑ a b c d VHS work group "History", " The Chapel at Steinrausche ", Langenfeld 1993
  3. ↑ " Place and field names of the city of Langenfeld tell of days gone by " in the home calendar of the Rhein-Wupper district in 1955
  4. ↑ a b c d e f g h Claus-Peter Peters, "Langenfeld im Wandel der Zeiten", Langenfeld 2013
  5. ^ VVV eV, Peter Schmitz in the history of local settlements in the home book of the community Richrath-Reusrath , Hense Druck 1928, Facsimile Verlag Rheinlandia 1986
  6. ^ Friedhelm Görgens, Langenfeld , Droste, Düsseldorf 1984
  7. ^ Karl Siegmar von Galéra, " Langenfeld - From the Margraviate to the City ", oven, Langenfeld 1963
  8. ^ " From people and machines " Dieter Ziegler in EPOC, magazine for history, archeology and culture, issue 3/2009
  9. ^ VVV eV, Eduard Hundhausen in The school system of the community Richrath-Reusrath in the home book of the community Richrath-Reusrath , Hense Druck 1928, Facsimile Verlag Rheinlandia 1986
  10. ↑ Jim Decker: Secondary school between hit and discontinued model. rp-online.de, December 10, 2013, accessed on October 19, 2017 .
  11. ↑ "Traces - 25 Years Konrad-Adenauer Gymnasium", 1966–1971, editor Erwin Heinen, Brune Druck 1991
  12. ↑ Rudy Schörmann, " Langenfeld-Berghausen - In the past, yesterday, today ", Buchhandlung Bukowski, Langenfeld 2000
  13. ↑ a b “ When stones become bread ”, Festschrift One Hundred Years of St. Josef Langenfeld-Immigrath, Langenfeld 1986
  14. ↑ a b Festschrift, " 75 years of the parish of St. Josef Langenfeld-Immigrath ", Langenfeld 1961

literature

  • Rolf Müller, " Stadtgeschichte Langenfeld Rheinland ", Verlag Stadtarchiv Langenfeld 1992
  • Heinz Müller, the place and field names of the city of Langenfeld, tell of days gone by in the home calendar of the Rhein-Wupper district, self-published by the district administration, Opladen (today: Leverkusen-Opladen) 1955
  • Claus-Peter Peters, " Langenfeld through the ages ", self-published, Langenfeld 2013
  • VHS work group “History”, “ The Chapel at Steinrausche ”, Langenfeld 1993
  • Karl Siegmar von Galéra, " Langenfeld - From the Margraviate to the City ", oven, Langenfeld 1963
  • “ Traces - 25 Years Konrad-Adenauer Gymnasium ”, 1966–1971, editor Erwin Heinen, Brune Druck 1991
  • “ When stones become bread ”, Festschrift One Hundred Years of St. Josef Langenfeld-Immigrath, Langenfeld 1986