Wiescheid

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Wiescheid
Coordinates: 51 ° 8 ′ 8 ″  N , 6 ° 59 ′ 22 ″  E
Height : 79 m above sea level NN
Postcodes : 40764, 40750
Primaries : 0212, 02173
Wiescheid (Langenfeld (Rhineland))
Wiescheid

Location of Wiescheid in Langenfeld (Rhineland)

Wiescheid is the northeast part of the city ​​of Langenfeld (Rhineland) .

geography

House Graven in Wiescheid

Langenfeld-Wiescheid and the upstream district of Feldhausen to the west border Hilden in the north, Solingen - ( Ohlig ) in the east, Leichlingen (Rhineland) in the south-east, Immigrath ( Gladbach ) in the south and south- west and Richrath in the west . The district is essentially separated from the rest of the city by the A 3 running in north-south direction . The main traffic axis in west-east direction is the former provincial road Elberfeld – Hitdorf between Hitdorfer Rheinhafen and the Bergisches Land , today's B 229 .

Wiescheid and Feldhausen have a few smaller and three more important streams. The three streams from the Bergisches Land were once economically important because of the mills that were previously located there . Mention should be made of the Viehbach coming from Solingen- Wald , in the following called Riethrather Bach, the Richrather Bach coming from Solingen- Höhscheid , in the following called Burbach, as well as the Assenbach in Feldhausen, which joins the Richrather Bach. All streams lead their water over the Galkhauser Bach , later called Langenfelder Bach, to the Baumberger Altrheinarm.

Wiescheid is already above the Rheinterrasse in the area rising to the Bergisches Land, is therefore gently hilly and reaches its highest elevation in the former Leichlinger Sandberge in the southeast. The highest point here is the Wenzelnberg at 111.50 meters above sea ​​level , which is also the highest point in Langenfeld.

In addition to the larger Feldhausen, the Wiescheid district also includes the smaller villages of Landwehr, Ossenbruch, Krüdersheide, Wafert and Schwanenmühle.

history

Finds from the Neolithic

As in the entire urban area, the first settlement of Wiescheid and Feldhausen can no longer be traced, as there are no written records from the early Middle Ages . As far as archaeological finds can provide information, the settlement of this land may even go back to the Neolithic Age (around 4500 to 1800 BC). A total of six stone axes were found in Feldhausen and Wiescheid. The first flint ax was 9.3 cm long and was found at the fork in the road southwest of Feldhausen. Another stone ax was established in 1940 in the upper Krüdersheide on the field between Waldhof mountain and the parking lot next to the forester's house on the occasion of harvest relief work in war by a student discovered. This ax weighs 725 g and measures 16.6 cm in length. A third stone ax was a short time ago north of Wasserburg Haus Graven found and after Schloss Burg been spent without diminishing the importance of the find to detect. In 1955, Rector Fritz Hinrichs found a 13.3 cm long, thin stone ax made of gray quartzite , also near Feldhausen (near the WTC tennis facility). Finally, two more stone axes come from Heidackerstrasse and the Winkel .

The Landwehr

Landguards can be found in concentrated form in the forest parcels “ Im Mutscheid ”, southeast of Feldhausen, “ Im Bremsekamp ” and “ Im Tiefenbruch ”. The Landwehr, according to the earlier view, was built according to the Roman model and consisted of ramparts and moats. They are to be ascribed to the Germanic tribe of the Sugambres . These land forces to protect against enemy attacks were usually set up where neither terrain nor water offered adequate protection. The walls were mostly planted with thick hedges and some were provided with palisades . The systems themselves are said to have been used at a later time. In times of war, the population sought protection behind these walls and also brought the cattle there to safety.

Today one shares this view of the border ramparts neither with regard to the previously assumed function nor with regard to their temporal origin. According to the prevailing opinion today, the land forces are of medieval origin. You go to a division of the country into counties back, which is also the watershed of Wupper and Rhine have oriented. This old counties or districts followed deaneries to their limits. Therefore, one should see more visible border lines in these borders than border fortifications actually built for protection. In this context, one of the most astonishing facts is that the old deanery borders are still recognizable today as the "Altbier-Kölsch border" or the "Helau-Alaaf equator".

Written records

The oldest mention of Feldhausen with the name "Velthusin" dates from the year 1190. In 1314, a knight pulse from Stammheim ( Cologne-Stammheim ?) Is given as the owner of the Feldhausen farm in the Altenberg Abbey record book . This is followed by a mention in a deed of the Gerresheim Abbey in 1331, another in the list of beneficiaries of the Richrather Gemark in 1449 and the mention of a knight Velthuys in 1480.

Ossenbruch, located north of Wiescheid at the glider airfield , was first mentioned in a document in 1243. It is followed in 1309 Wiescheid ("Wysceyde"), 1334 Graven ("Graben"), 1367 Burbach ("Burbach") and 1488 Krüdersheide ("Krudersbergh").

Motte Schwanenmühle and Graven House

The moated castle Haus Graven was built in the 13th century. It was the seat of the von Graven family. After an eventful history, it was destroyed due to the effects of war in the Thirty Years' War between 1618 and 1648. Its last owner was a Rütger von Bottlenberg called Kessel , who resided at Hackhausen Castle. In 1656, after the destruction, only the outer bailey was rebuilt, which has been preserved in its shape since then. In 1769 it came into the possession of the Mirbach zu Harff family through marriage . It was completely renovated in private initiative from the end of 1994 to the beginning of 1996.

Today the city of Langenfeld is trying to acquire the building in order to set up a museum on the premises . It is to be operated with loans from surrounding museums with changing exhibitions . The local press reports irregularly on the progress of the efforts. A rent- free renting of the castle is currently being discussed if the city would raise the operating costs of almost EUR 35,000 annually for at least ten years. For this purpose, a support association for the operation of such a house was founded on May 18, 2009 .

In about 500 meters from home Graven on the left-hand is prior to the current local Schwanenmühle a former Turmhügelburg named Motte Schwanenmühle . As the owner of such castles must you look at the landsässigen nobility of Nachkarolingerzeit imagine that for the right of the castle building took advantage. The sense and purpose of such a facility was to acquire, secure and expand one's own property. This also included protection against attacks by others. At the same time, however, the aristocrats are likely to have been very close to the peasantry in their economy . It is characteristic of such hill towers that younger moated castles and solid courtyards were built in their immediate vicinity . With regard to the Motte Schwanenmühle, its proximity to Haus Graven must be noticed, so that one can assume that it is the forerunner castle of Haus Graven.

Krüdersheider mill and swan mill

The water power of the streams was used early. Due to the lack of water flow in Langenfeld, however, only the Viehbach , which is called Riethrather Bach in Richrath , allowed such water mills to be operated. There were two of these mills in Wiescheid, the Krüdersheider mill and the Schwanenmühle, and two more were in Richrath with the Götscher mill and the Riethrath mill . The earliest mention of such a mill can be found in a document dated July 8, 1341 and is related to House Graven. The close connection between the mill and the Graven house that can be seen in the mill allows the conclusion that this is the Schwanenmühle. The already mentioned list of authorized users in the Richrather Mark from 1449 mentions a "molenhoff" (but possibly a windmill ) in the section on the Richrather Honschaft and a "Swanen gud" under "Haeckhausen" (Hackhausen, today Solingen). Finally, a document from 1548 shows that the Schwanenmühle was exclusively in the service of the Graven family. All four mills on the Viehbach are also shown on the Müffling map from 1824/25. Incidentally , the oil mill mentioned in 1816 is presumably the Krüdersheider mill. This produced 1200 oil ( vegetable oil ) for ( oil lamps ) and appeared the following year in the trade statistics with two presses . Around 1900 this mill was converted for grinding cutlery.

St. Mary Rosary Queen

  • Maria Rosary Queen in Wiescheid

  • The “Pütt” fountain in Wiescheid

  • Old half-timbering in Feldhausen

  • Impression from Feldhausen

From the parish of Richrath , a Catholic community emerged in 1897 among the citizens of what was then Landwehr, today's Wiescheid . For this purpose, all Catholic men gathered on May 30, 1897 at the invitation of Pastor Boddenberg at Haus Graven for the purpose of founding a building and collecting association. For the construction of the building, the municipality received the property from the Count von Mirbach as a gift . This plot was divided and the community was able to build a school on one half . Two years later (1899) the foundation stone for the church was laid and the school opened. The church of St. Maria Rosenkranzkönigin was consecrated on May 26, 1900. The municipal area recorded in a document from 1901 initially also included the villages of Tränke, Höherheide, Nussbaum, Haalsiepen, Holzkamp, ​​Horn, Rupelrath, Gosse, Linde, Hütte, Landwehrsberg, Aufderhöhe to Health Road and Gillich. Nevertheless, St. Maria Rosary Queen was only raised to the rank of rectorate parish in 1931 . In 1985 the church designed by Julius Busch from Neuss and built by Heinrich Rotterdam received its tower .

Wenzelnberg Memorial

  • 71 people were brutally murdered here

  • Marks the highest point and the memorial

  • Memorial on Wenzelnberg for the 71 victims

Main article: Wenzelnberg # Wenzelnberg Memorial

In the last days of the war of 1945, just three days before the invasion of the Americans and the end of Nazi rule in Langenfeld, were on 13 April 1945 in a ravine of Wenzel Berg 71 criminal and political prisoners shot. It was 60 prisoners from the prison Remscheid - Lüttringhausen , four remand prisoners from the prison Wuppertal-Bendahl and seven in Ronsdorf incarcerated end forced labor . The men were no court ruling by a Gestapo - Detail shot and buried immediately there. Upon hearing of this end- stage crime, the Americans immediately ordered the exhumation of the dead. As a result, they were exhumed on April 30, 1945 by former active National Socialists and officially buried on May 1, 1945 in front of the town hall in Solingen-Ohligs . After another reburial on January 19, 1965, the dead finally found their final resting place at the place of their murder. Since then, the memorial has also been the gravestone in their cemetery .

Above the memorial is the summit cross of the Wenzelnberg , on which the elevated tank of the Stadtwerke Langenfeld is also located. Not far away from the memorial is the memorial for the fallen of the First World War and the Second World War , as far as men from Wiescheid and Feldhausen were concerned.

Population / economy

Wiescheid was, as the village of Feldhausen upstream to the west with the name -feld expresses, was shaped by agriculture in the past centuries . There were also smaller handicraft businesses , as illustrated by the Kotten of the shell cutter Wilhelm Jacobs, which is now on display in the Volksgarten in Langenfeld-Mitte . Nowadays Wiescheid is a popular residential district with a predominantly single-family house - building . Wiescheid is also popular with walkers and cyclists because of its extensive open spaces and forest areas .

school

The forerunner of the first Protestant school in Wiescheid was the neighboring school of the Reformed community in Solingen -Rupelrath, where a schoolhouse with a teacher's apartment was set up at the Reinoldi Chapel there as early as 1675 . After the declared will of Wiescheider population finally straightened on 1 January 1773 Wiescheid own school and also began in 1774 with the construction of a separate school building. On January 27, 1777, lessons were held there for the first time. Today's Parkstrasse Community Primary School has its roots in this Protestant school as well as a Catholic elementary school from 1899.

societies

  • Gravenberger SV 06, formerly TBV Landwehr 06
  • Rifle Club Landwehr 1913 eV
  • Wiescheider Tennis Club (WTC)
  • Men's choir "Frohsinn" Langenfeld-Wiescheid 1898 eV
  • Wiescheid volunteer fire department

Personalities

  • Fritz Clees, local history researcher, author 800 years of Feldhausen , the effects of the war in Wiescheid , both published by Stadtarchiv Verlag

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h Rolf Müller, " Stadtgeschichte Langenfeld Rheinland ", Verlag Stadtarchiv Langenfeld 1992
  2. ↑ a b c Fritz Clees, 800 years Feldhausen , Verlag Stadtarchiv Langenfeld
  3. ↑ VVV eV, Peter Schmitz in home book of the community Richrath-Reusrath , Hense Druck 1928, Facsimile Verlag Rheinlandia 1986
  4. ^ A b Friedhelm Görgens, Langenfeld , Droste, Düsseldorf 1984
  5. ↑ Environmental Protection and Beautification Association Langenfeld eV, A guide through the built history of Langenfeld
  6. ↑ Stadtmagazin Langenfelder, June 2009, Graven House - a moated castle as a jewel for culture?
  7. ^ Karl Siegmar von Galéra, " Langenfeld - From the Margraviate to the City ", oven, Langenfeld 1963

literature

  • Fritz Clees, 800 years of Feldhausen, publisher Stadtarchiv Langenfeld
  • Rolf Müller, " Stadtgeschichte Langenfeld Rheinland ", Verlag Stadtarchiv Langenfeld 1992
  • Karl Siegmar von Galéra, " Langenfeld - From the Margraviate to the City ", oven, Langenfeld 1963
  • Friedhelm Görgens, Langenfeld , Droste, Düsseldorf 1984
  • Environmental Protection and Beautification Association Langenfeld eV, A guide through the built history of Langenfeld