Neuhof / Hildesheim Forest / Marienrode
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Neuhof / Hildesheim Forest / Marienrode
City of Hildesheim
Coordinates: 52 ° 7 ′ 12 ″ N , 9 ° 54 ′ 25 ″ E
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| Area : | 13.29 km² |
| Residents : | 3206 (Dec. 31, 2019) |
| Population density : | 241 inhabitants / km² |
 Location of Neuhof / Hildesheimer Wald / Marienrode in Hildesheim
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Neuhof / Hildesheimer Wald / Marienrode is a district of the Lower Saxony city of Hildesheim , which forms one of 14 localities in the city.
geography
Neuhof, Hildesheimer Wald and Marienrode are four to six kilometers southwest of Hildesheim city center. The three districts do not form a closed settlement area, but are separated by fields, orchards , wooded hills and mountains. The landscape is characterized by several streams such as the Trillkebach . With an area of around 1330 hectares, the district is one of the largest districts of Hildesheim and had 3,648 inhabitants on January 1, 2001, of whom 1,526 were Protestant and 1,175 were Catholic, the rest were non-denominational or belonged to other denominations. On December 31, 2005, the population had decreased to 3,142. According to statistical data from January 1, 2008, the population increased to 3,234.
history
Neuhof
Neuhof was founded around 1260 by the Cistercians of the Marienrode monastery, who built a courtyard about one kilometer north of their monastery. Because of the fertile soil with the high soil values and the Black Ried, a brook flowing into the Trillke, this location was favorable. The street name “Am Klosterhofe” may indicate the approximate location of this “new courtyard”. In this context, the name of an abbot by the name of Dethmar has been passed down who lived in the Marienrode monastery since 1259. The "Dethmarstraße" in the old town center of Neuhof still reminds of him today.
A farming village with no church developed around the monastery courtyard. The residents of Neuhof went to church in Marienrode, only about a kilometer away. In the census of 1895 the population was 354. Neuhof was incorporated into Hildesheim in 1938; street names were introduced in 1939. The village, in the middle of which some half-timbered houses are still preserved, survived the Second World War without damage.
In the 19th and 20th centuries, Neuhof was known as the "cherry blossom village" and was a popular excursion destination, especially at the time of the cherry blossom, as the orchards were mainly cherry trees . For example, the excursion restaurant “Klingenberg” on the 207 m high mountain of the same name, which could be reached via the “Cherry Blossom Path” so named in 1939, was known.
Hildesheim Forest
ELFI / Trillke / Bosch / Blaupunkt factory
| year | Bosch employees 1937 to April 1952 as ELFI / Trillke in Hildesheim (without Blaupunkt) |
|---|---|
| 1939 (end of year) |
543 |
| 1940 (end of year) |
830 |
| 1944 (spring) |
3200 |
| 1944 (September) |
4290 |
| 1945 (March) |
4079 |
| 1945 (May) |
439 |
| 1945 (October) |
481 |
| 1946 | 753 |
| 1947 (January) |
1410 |
| 1947 (May) |
1282 |
| 1948 | 1548 |
| 1949 | 1615 |
| 1950 | 1067 |
| 1955 | 2284 |
| 1960 | 3977 |
| 1965 | 4191 |
| 1970 | 4661 |
| 1975 | 3517 |
| 1980 | 3485 |
| 1985 | 3259 |
| 1990 | 3133 |
| 2000 | 2414 |
| 2005 | 1940 |
The forest area in the extreme southwest of Hildesheim has been called Hildesheim Forest since 1440.
In the course of arming the Wehrmacht in 1935/36, Robert Bosch AG (a GmbH since 1937) built a plant with the code name Dreilinden Maschinenbau GmbH (DLMG) in Kleinmachnow near Berlin to meet the needs of the Air Force on behalf of the Reich Aviation Ministry (RLM) . This "Ausschlagwerk I" (also called "Außenwerk I"), camouflaged to protect against air raids, was a wholly owned Bosch subsidiary and, among other components, mainly manufactured injection pumps for Daimler-Benz aircraft engines ( DB 601 , DB 605 etc.) . B. were built in neighboring Genshagen at Daimler-Benz Motoren GmbH .
For the equipment of army vehicles , Bosch was supposed to build the “Alternative Works II” in the Hildesheimer Wald on the account of the Verwertungsgesellschaft für Montanindustrie (“Montangesellschaft”, see also Montan-Schema ), a trust company of the Heereswaffenamt or OKH the cover name ELFI ("Elektro- und Feinmechanische Industrie GmbH") should be leased. This company ELFI, founded by the two Stuttgart companies Bosch (98% of the GmbH shares: 49,000 RM) and Bauer (2%: 1,000 RM), was a pure arms company and (from autumn 1943 sole) manufacturer of starters , alternators , magneto starters and inertia starters for tank and large truck engines.
As a result, a purchase and development contract for a 42 hectare area in the Hildesheim Forest was concluded between the Reich's own mining company and the city of Hildesheim. After purchasing an adjacent strip in 1943, the area was about 61–63 hectares. (For comparison: The Great Garden in Hanover covers an area of almost 50 hectares.) The city of Hildesheim was to provide gas, water and electricity supplies, set up a bus line for company traffic and create sufficient living space. From Neuhof, the (Hildesheimer -) "Waldstraße" (today's "Robert-Bosch-Straße"; Kreisstraße 103) was built at the city's expense , which was initially not shown on any map, to accommodate the new ELFI plant (address: Hildesheim- Neuhof, Waldstrasse 200) to be kept secret.
Construction of the plant began in August 1938, and the topping-out ceremony was held in December 1940. As protection against enemy aerial reconnaissance, the plant was designed without large open spaces. The low buildings were erected while largely retaining the old stock of trees. In order to keep damage in the event of possible air attacks to a minimum, the camouflaged halls were arranged at an angle in the smallest possible forest aisles.
Production began in the course of 1941, with apprenticeship training, training workshops, small-scale production and fixture construction still being located in the city.
Because other German companies used the same or similar brands and terms such as "ELFI" and therefore feared confusion, after their complaints in February 1941 the company was initially changed to "Elufin Hildesheim" based on a plethora of suggestions . Since two entries already existed in the register of goods under “Elufin”, there was finally another change to “Trillke-Werke” in December 1942. The name, which goes back to the neighboring Trillkebach , lasted until April 1952, when Trillke GmbH, as the Hildesheim plant, also officially became part of Bosch.
Until mid-1944, the ELFI / Trillke plant had no rail connection. Since the increasing number of works personnel traffic could not be sufficiently carried out because of the diesel fuel that was rationed during the war , it was planned in the early 1940s to operate the bus route to the plant in the Hildesheim forest with trolleybuses . After various difficulties with the allocation of the quota copper for the catenary and the procurement of the vehicles, the trolleybus line of the Hildesheim tram started operating to the plant in August 1943 . In Hildesheim, trolleybus traffic ended in May 1969.
In order to get a connection to the network of the Deutsche Reichsbahn , a 2.4 km long siding was built to the plant from September 1943 to June 1944 as a branch of the small railway line Marienburg (Han) –Hildesia to the munitions plant Diekholzen . In September 1944 the Trillke workforce was around 4,300, of which just under 3,700 were at the Hildesheimer Wald location. About 47% of them were foreigners, the majority of whom were forced laborers . Up to the end of the war, almost exclusively the attachments listed above for gasoline engines were manufactured. The Trillke-Werke were the sole manufacturer of these components from autumn 1943, since their production facilities in the Bosch parent plant ("Lichtwerk" and "Zünderwerk") in Feuerbach were at great risk from the air raids on Stuttgart and relocated to the Trillke works in September / October 1943 were.
For the employees, a housing estate was built not far from the factory, which was named "Hildesheimer Wald". Since part of the workforce - at the time also called " followers / followers" in the language of National Socialism - had been transferred from Bosch from Stuttgart to Hildesheim, the streets in the new residential area were given place names from Baden-Württemberg, for example in 1939 the Feuerbacher Weg ( Stuttgart-Feuerbach is the seat of the Bosch parent plant). The Uhlandweg was named after the Swabian poet Ludwig Uhland in 1941 .
In January 1945, the Bosch subsidiary Blaupunkt -Werke GmbH, with its main plant in Berlin-Wilmersdorf , relocated its production of "Corfu" radio measuring devices in Küstrin (cover name "Udo-Werke GmbH", to Udo), which was endangered by the Vistula-Oder operation of the Red Army Werr, an employee of Blaupunkt managing director Paul Goerz ) to Trillke in the Hildesheim forest. Almost two years earlier, after the extensive destruction of the Wilmersdorf plant on March 1, 1943 by a British air raid, a large part of the production was relocated to Berlin-Treptow ( East Berlin ), Reichenberg (then " Reichsgau Sudetenland ") and other locations. which later all fell under the administration of the Soviet Military Administration in Germany (SMAD).
After the end of the war in May 1945, the repair of radio sets began in Hildesheim and the Blaupunkt-Apparatebau GmbH (BPAG), which was founded there at the end of 1945 , decided to manufacture 5,000 radios a month. As early as 1932, Blaupunkt introduced the “Autosuper AS 5”, the first car radio developed in Europe, and later developed into the leading German car radio manufacturer. After relocating the company headquarters from Berlin to Hildesheim, BPAG was renamed Blaupunkt-Werke GmbH in the early 1950s . From 1948, Blaupunkt started producing car radios again and was able to deliver the one millionth device on June 16, 1959. At that time, 6,000 people found work in the Blaupunkt plant, plus just under 4,000 people in Bosch production for the automotive industry. In April 1964 3 million devices had already been built. After the 25 millionth car radio in mid-1979, the 50 millionth Blaupunkt car radio rolled off the production line in July 1990. In the 1970s, Blaupunkt had a total of 13,700 employees worldwide.
The Trillke works and the entire district survived the air raids on Hildesheim in World War II without any damage. Troops of the 9th US Army reached the plant on April 7, 1945 . At the end of June, the military government of the British zone of occupation gave it permission to resume "peace production". At the beginning of 1952, Trillke was no longer in danger of falling victim to de-cartelization. The "Trillke-Werke GmbH" was therefore deleted from the commercial register in April 1952 and taken over by the operator Bosch as Robert Bosch GmbH, Hildesheim plant .
Marienrode
Marienrode was founded in 1125 when the Hildesheim bishop Berthold I (1119–1130) had an Augustinian monastery built here . It was given the name "Backenrode", which is reminiscent of the street name "Baccenroder Stieg" not far north of the monastery that still exists today. Sometimes the term "Betzingerode" was also used. In 1259 it was converted into a Cistercian monastery , whose monks cleared forests and farmed the land. Around 1260 they founded a farm in what is now the Neuhof district. The monastery has only been called Marienrode Abbey since 1439. It was dissolved in 1806 in the course of secularization and returned to the Catholic Church in 1986; since 1988 the buildings have been used as a monastery again.
A small village emerged around the monastery, which was strongly influenced by the monastery and domain and had 153 inhabitants at the 1895 census. When Marienrode was incorporated into Hildesheim on March 1, 1974, the population was 176. After the founding of the monastery, the population fell to 42. The village, in which there was no association, was not connected to local public transport and did not have a place sewerage .
politics
The Neuhof / Hildesheimer Wald / Marienrode district is represented by a local council of nine.
The local mayor is Lothar Ranke (CDU).
Culture and sights
Neuhof
Neuhof only received its own Catholic church, the “Mariä Heimsuchung” chapel (Klingenbergstrasse 36) in 1983/84. The chapel has belonged to the parish of St. Mauritius since 2014 , previously it belonged to St. Michael .
In the village, on Neuhofer Strasse at the corner of Schwarze Riede, the former “Sternhaus” inn, which was built in the neo-renaissance style in 1899 and used to be much visited, is made of yellow and red bricks. Not far south of Neuhof, on the road leading to Marienrode, you can see a half-timbered field barn that was built in 1910.
Hildesheim Forest
The “Hildesheimer Wald” industrial estate was established between 1939 and 1944, in part by forced laborers, and is all the more remarkable because it was built at a time when housing could hardly be built in Germany due to the war.
The settlement was built in three construction phases. The first construction phase included the Feuerbacher Weg, Cannstatter Weg, Uhlandweg and Stuttgarter Straße area. It consisted mainly of single-family houses for higher-ranking professionals. A distinction was made between single-family houses with six and single-family houses with two and a half rooms. In the second construction phase around Rabbitbrink Street, two-story apartment buildings were built, especially on Feuerbacher Weg. In the apartment buildings - relatively unadorned brick buildings - each apartment consisted of four and a half rooms. The last to be completed in 1944, also with multi-family houses, was the third construction phase under the name “Rabbitbrink West” in today's street Unter den Eichen .
All residential buildings in the factory estate have a maximum of two floors. The houses were built with particularly thick walls and some with massive bunker-like cellars under existing trees; they stand today as a group Monument under monument protection .
Marienrode
The monastery complex is characterized by the late Gothic monastery church of St. Michael , built between 1412 and 1462 . The pigeon tower rises in the middle of the cloister courtyard , not far from it the chapel of St. Cosmas and Damian was built as a gate chapel in 1792 . It has served as the district's Protestant parish church since 1831 and was rebuilt in 1835. In the north of the monastery courtyard you can see a grain barn built in 1722.
There is a former school on Egloffsteinstrasse, which was donated by the monastery under Abbot Niward in 1716.
A post mill , visible from afar, rises southeast not far from the village near a large pond. It was built in 1839 and used as a mill until 1939. Since 1959 it has served as a youth home as well as for conferences and seminars. At the pond, which was created as a fish pond according to the tradition of the Cistercians , there is a water mill that has been used for residential purposes since 1953. Both mills can be reached via an avenue made of around 200-year-old linden trees, whose original pavement has been well preserved.
Countesses Caroline (1789–1868) and Julie (1792–1869) von Egloffstein , two friends of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, were buried in the cemetery outside the cloister courtyard .
Economy and Infrastructure
The district has a primary school, two kindergartens, two sports fields, four tennis courts and three permanent allotment gardens. Due to the falling population - not least in connection with the reduction of jobs in the Hildesheimer Wald industrial park - there are fears that the Neuhof elementary school will be closed, and kindergarten places are also expected to be reduced. This can be counteracted by setting up a new development area in the “Goldene Perle” area and at the nursery and by utilizing existing vacancies.
Neuhof and Hildesheimer Wald are connected to the center via Robert-Bosch-Straße (Kreisstraße K 103) and a city bus line, but not to Marienrode, which is not connected to local public transport . In the 1970s, the residential area Trockener Kamp was built north of Neuhof on the eastern slope of the 242 m high Lerchenberg, whose high-rise buildings can be seen from a great distance. Between it and the Altdorf Neuhof, the broad K 103 acts like a barrier. A row of shops was built in the residential area in the 1970s, and vacancies keep coming up.
There is an extensive network of cycling and hiking trails, for example on the Trillkebach , on the Klingenberg (207 m) in the south, on the Lerchenberg (242 m) and Rottsberg (224 m) in the west and on the Steinberg (141 m) in the east of the District. When the weather is clear, the view extends as far as the Brocken in the Harz Mountains, around 60 km away . An excursion destination is the observation tower in the Hildesheim Forest, which was built on a 281 m high hill.
Personalities
- Engelbert Nelle (1933–2016), politician and sports official
literature
- Manfred Overesch : Bosch in Hildesheim 1937–1945 . Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2008, ISBN 978-3-525-36754-4 ( limited preview in the Google book search).
Web links
- Neuhof / Hildesheimer Wald / Marienrode on the website of the city of Hildesheim
- Disused railway lines in Lower Saxony: Bosch / Blaupunkt siding with photos of the former railway line on stillg.bplaced.net, accessed on July 3, 2019
- ELFI / Trillke-Werke at zwangsarbeit-bosch.de, accessed on July 3, 2019
Individual evidence
- ↑ Population of the city of Hildesheim as of December 31, 2019. In: hildesheim.de. Hildesheim Marketing GmbH, accessed on June 3, 2020 .
- ↑ from 1947 January 1st
- ↑ a b Overesch: Bosch in Hildesheim . 2008, p. 294 .
- ↑ a b c Overesch: Bosch in Hildesheim . 2008, p. 37 .
- ^ Overesch: Bosch in Hildesheim . 2008, p. 252 . ; 3692 people in the Hildesheimer Wald plant. Total of " foreign workers " ( forced or " Eastern workers "): 2019, including u. a. 854 Russians / Ukrainians etc., 276 French, 265 Poles.
- ^ Overesch: Bosch in Hildesheim . 2008, p. 251 . ; Germans: 2209 (of which 1090 women); Foreign / forced laborers: 1870 (987 of them women)
- ↑ ELFI / Trillke-Werke on zwangsarbeit-bosch.de, accessed on July 3, 2019
- ^ Overesch: Bosch in Hildesheim . 2008, p. 252 .
- ↑ Blaupunkt celebrates the 1,000,000. Car radio on hifi-archiv.info, accessed on July 3, 2019
- ^ Overesch: Bosch in Hildesheim . 2008, p. 293 .
- ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer GmbH, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 204 .
- ^ Local council Neuhof / Hildesheimer Wald / Marienrode
City center and new town | Marienburger Höhe with Galgenberg | Moritzberg | North town with tax forest | East town
Achtum-Uppen | Bavenstedt | Drispenstedt | On one | Himmelsthür | Itzum - Marienburg | Neuhof / Hildesheim Forest / Marienrode | Ochtersum | Sorsum