Orłowo (Wydminy)

Orłowo
	Orłowo
Basic data
State :	Poland
Voivodeship :	Warmia-Masuria
Powiat :	Giżycko
Gmina :	Wydminy
Geographic location :	54 ° 3 '  N , 22 ° 9'  E Coordinates: 54 ° 3 '14 "  N , 22 ° 9' 9"  E
Residents :
Postal code :	11-510
Telephone code :	(+48) 87
License plate :	NGI
Economy and Transport
Street :	Pietrasze / ext. 655 - Szczybały Orłowskie → Orłowo
	Łękuk Mały ↔ Gajrowskie
Rail route :	no rail connection
Next international airport :	Danzig

Orłowo ( German  Orlowen , 1938 to 1945 Adlersdorf ) is a place in the Polish Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship that belongs to the rural community of Wydminy (Widminnen) in the Giżycki powiat ( Lötzen district ).

Geographical location

Orłowo is located in the north-east of the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, 25 kilometers east of the district town of Giżycko (Lötzen) .

history

The East Prussian village, formerly called Orlowen , was regionally important before 1945 due to its church, train station and brickworks.

On March 29, 1874, the place was Amtsdorf, giving its name to the district that existed until 1945 and - on November 15, 1938, renamed the "District of Adlersdorf" - to the district of Lötzen in the administrative district of Gumbinnen (1905 to 1945: administrative district of Allenstein ) in the belonged to the Prussian province of East Prussia . From 1874 Orlowen was also the seat of a registry office .

In 1910 there were 629 inhabitants registered in Orlov. Their number rose to 652 by 1933 and was still 633 in 1939.

Due to the provisions of the Versailles Treaty , the population in the Allenstein voting area , to which Orlowen belonged, voted on July 11, 1920 on whether they would continue to belong to East Prussia (and thus Germany) or join Poland. 520 inhabitants of Orloven voted to remain with East Prussia, Poland did not vote.

For political and ideological reasons to defend against foreign-sounding place names, Orlowen was renamed "Adlersdorf" on June 3, 1938. As a result of the war, the village came to Poland in 1945 along with all of southern East Prussia and received the Polish form of the name “Orłowo”. Today it is the seat of a Schulzenamt ( Polish sołectwo ) and thus a place in the network of the rural community Wydminy (Widminnen) in the powiat Giżycki ( Lötzen district ), before 1998 the Suwałki Voivodeship , since then assigned to the Warmia-Masurian Voivodeship .

Orlowen / Adlersdorf district (1874–1945)

The Orlowen district existed between 1874 and 1945, and in 1938 it changed its name to “Adlersdorf District”. Originally eight villages were incorporated, in the end there were six:

Surname	Change name from 1938 to 1945	Polish name	Remarks
Borken (forest)	(from 1929 :) Borker Heide (part of Kr. Lötzen, Forst)
Grondzken	Spark	Grądzkie
Great Kowalewsken		Kowalewskie	around 1898 united with Klein Kowalewsken to form the rural community of Kowalewsken
Klein Kowalewsken			around 1898 united with Groß Kowalewsken to form the rural community of Kowalewsken
Lipowen	(from 1928 :) : Lindenheim	Lipowo
Orlowen	Adlersdorf	Orłowo
Rhog	Little Lenkuk	Róg Orłowski
Sczyballen (Ksp. Orlowen)	Lorenzhall	Szczybały Orłowskie

On January 1, 1945, Adlersdorf, Funken, Klein Lenkuk, Lindenheim, Lorenzhall and Borker Heide still belonged to the Adlersdorf district.

Religions

Church building

Church of the Nativity of St. John the Baptist

→ Main article : Church of the Nativity of St. John the Baptist (Orłowo)

The church was built between 1855 and 1857 as a rectangular brick building in the Gothic style with an apse and high west tower . Until 1945 it was a Protestant church, now the Polish Orthodox Church uses the building as a parish church , which is looked after by the parish of Giżycko.

Church of St. Casimir

The former branch church was rebuilt in 1948 with plastered masonry. There is a wooden belfry next to the church . She has been raised to a parish church.

Parishes

Evangelical

In 1853 Orlowen became a Protestant parish and the parish seat of a large parish . In 1925 it had a total of 3,300 parish members and until 1945 belonged to the parish of Lötzen in the church province of East Prussia of the Church of the Old Prussian Union . Flight and expulsion of the local population brought the church life of the Protestant community to a standstill. The few Protestant church members living in Orłowo today are parish in Wydminy . The church there is a branch church of the Giżycko parish in the Masuria diocese of the Evangelical-Augsburg Church in Poland .

Polish Orthodox

In 1945 the Polish Orthodox Church in Orłowo established itself from Giżycko (Lötzen) . In 1965 she took over the former Protestant church as her house of worship. The parish church is supervised by Giżycko from the parish office and belongs to the Olsztyn deanery in the diocese of Białystok-Gdańsk .

Roman Catholic

Before 1945 the few Catholic church members were in Orlowen resp. Adlersdorf parish in the Catholic parish church of St. Bruno Lötzen in the Diocese of Warmia . From 1948 regular mass celebrations took place in the new church, initially supervised by the parish in Giżycko. From 1961 onward pastors served here, and Orłowo has been a parish in the Giżycko - św dean's office since 1981 . Krzystofa in the Diocese of Ełk of the Roman Catholic Church in Poland . The branch church in Lipowo (Lipowen , 1928 to 1945 Lindenheim) is assigned .

traffic

Orłowo is a little away from the traffic, but can be reached via a roughly impassable side street from the voivodship road DW 655 via Pietrasze (Pietraschen , 1938 to 1945 Petersgrund) . There is also a country road leading from Łękuk Mały (Klein Lenkuk) to Gajrowskie (Friedrichsheyde , 1938 to 1945 Friedrichsheide) through Orłowo.

Until it was closed in 1945, Orlowen or Adlersdorf was a train station on the Kruglanken – Marggrabowa (Oletzko) / Treuburg ( Polish: Kruklanki – Olecko ) railway . The station was 800 meters southwest of the village.

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Polish Postal Code Directory 2013, p. 872
2. ^ Dietrich Lange, Geographical Location Register East Prussia (2005): Adlersdorf
3. ^ ^{A b} Rolf Jehke, Orlowen / Adlersdorf district
4. ↑ ^{a b c} Orlowen (Landkreis Lötzen)
5. ↑ Uli Schubert, community directory, Lötzen district
6. ^ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. Landkreis Lötzen (Polish Gizycko). (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006). 
7. ^ Herbert Marzian ; Csaba Kenez : "Self-determination for East Germany - Documentation on the 50th anniversary of the East and West Prussian referendum on July 11, 1920"; Editor: Göttinger Arbeitskreis , 1970, p. 81
8. ↑ Walther Hubatsch , History of the Protestant Church in East Prussia , Volume 2 Pictures of East Prussian Churches , Göttingen, 1968, p. 121
9. ↑ ^{a b} Polish Orthodox Church Orłowo
10. ↑ ^{a b} Roman Catholic Parish Orłowo ( Memento of the original from May 19, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 
11. ↑ Walther Hubatsch, History of the Protestant Church in East Prussia , Volume 3 Documents , Göttingen, 1968, p. 492