Equestrian statue
An equestrian statue or equestrian monument is the public and mostly larger-than-life bronze form of representation of a ruler or a general on horseback, adopted from Roman antiquity . With very few exceptions, equestrian statues stand on high stone pedestals in prominent places (mostly squares) and in the open air in cities.
Demarcation
The "equestrian statue", which is mostly reserved for military leaders and rulers (cf. vandalism and monument fall ), must be distinguished from the statue , which is mostly reserved for speakers or politicians, and the seated image reserved for musicians, poets and scholars (e.g. Theodor Mommsen monument in Berlin) . The monument bust, on the other hand, is the public form of portrait sculpture .
Since the High and Late Middle Ages, a few Christian religious fighters have also been depicted as under-life-sized "equestrian figures" (see below); stone and wood were used as material for this. Such figures are mostly placed inside churches (more rarely in town halls etc.).
Forms of representation
While smaller equestrian statues were mostly made in stone or wood, monumental equestrian statues are usually cast in bronze in specialized foundries ; They are mostly cast in parts that are only assembled on site. The ancient origin of this form of representation requires a stone base . Statically difficult to manage and therefore very rare are equestrian portraits with a rearing horse.
The large-format equestrian picture is also a theme of monumental painting .
Well-known equestrian statues
- Equestrian statue of Mark Aurel (2nd century, Rome)
- Equestrian statue of Gattamelata , military leader, by Donatello (1453, Padua )
- Equestrian statue of Bartolomeo Colleoni by Andrea del Verrocchio (1488, Venice )
- Equestrian statue of Cosimo I de 'Medici , Grand Duke of Tuscany, by Giambologna (1587, Florence )
- Equestrian statue of King Ludwig XIII. (1639 in bronze and 1829 in stone, Place des Vosges, Paris)
- Equestrian statue of the Great Elector (1703, Berlin )
- Equestrian statue of Elector Johann Wilhelm von der Pfalz (1711, Düsseldorf )
- Equestrian statue of the Saxon Elector and Polish King August the Strong , known as the Golden Rider (1736, Dresden )
- The Brazen Rider (1782, St. Petersburg )
- Equestrian statue of Charles IV in Mexico City (1803)
- Equestrian statue of Frederick the Great (1851, Berlin)
- Ernst August Monument (1861, Hanover )
- Prince Eugene and Archduke Karl Monument (1865, Heldenplatz , Vienna )
- Ban Jelačić Statue (1866, Ban Jelačić Square , Zagreb , Croatia )
- Equestrian statue of Friedrich Wilhelm of Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel (1874, Braunschweig )
- Equestrian statue of Karl Wilhelm Ferdinand of Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel (1874, Braunschweig)
- Equestrian statue of Friedrich Wilhelm III. (1876, Berlin)
- Equestrian statue of Giuseppe Garibaldi in front of the Teatro Carlo Felice (1879, Genoa )
- Equestrian statue of Prince Regent Luitpold of Bavaria on the town hall square, a work by Wilhelm von Rümann , (Landau / Pfalz) 1892
- Kaiser Wilhelm Monument (Düsseldorf) (1896)
- Kaiser Wilhelm I monument at the Deutsches Eck , Germany's largest equestrian monument (1897, Koblenz )
- Kaiser Wilhelm National Monument (1897, Berlin)
- Kaiser Wilhelm I Monument (Hamburg) (1898, Altona and 1903, Hamburg)
- Equestrian statue of Charles IX. ( Gothenburg , Sweden, 1904)
- Equestrian monument of Kaiser Wilhelm I on Egidienplatz , Nuremberg
- Equestrian statue of the Saxon King Johann , by Johannes Schilling (1889, Theaterplatz , Dresden)
- Equestrian statue of Victor Emmanuel II ( Piazza del Duomo , Milan )
- Equestrian statue of Viktor Emanuel II on the Monumento Vittorio Emanuele II (1911, Rome)
- Equestrian monument (1912, Windhoek )
- Wenceslas Monument on Wenceslas Square (1913, Prague)
- Equestrian statues of Bertrand du Guesclin in Dinan and Caen (around 1920)
- Equestrian statues of Joan of Arc in Orléans and Reims (around 1925)
- Ataturk Victory Monument by the Austrian sculptor Heinrich Krippel to commemorate the Turkish War of Liberation (1927, Ankara )
- Shivaji equestrian statue , Mumbai , India
- Equestrian statue of Genghis Khan (2008, Mongolia )
- Equestrian statue of Tsar Nicholas I (in St. Petersburg , sculptors Auguste de Montferrand and Peter Clodt von Jürgensburg from 1856 to 1859)
- Equestrian statue of Absalon of Lund (in Copenhagen , Denmark)
Picture gallery
The Brazen Rider , Saint Petersburg an equestrian statue of Peter the Great
Equestrian statue bronze statue , Eberhard im Bart , inner courtyard in the old castle Stuttgart
Archduke Karl equestrian monument , Heldenplatz Vienna , created by Anton Dominik Fernkorn
Equestrian statue of Elector Maximilian I , Wittelsbacherplatz Munich
Equestrian statue of Hans Waldmann in front of the Fraumünster in Zurich , in the background the Grossmünster
Statue of Frederick the Great in the Sanssouci Palace Park
Equestrian statue of Jan Žižka at the National Monument on Vitus Hill , Prague
Leibdragonerdenkmal in Karlsruhe
Equestrian statue of the Cossack hetman Bohdan Khmelnyzkyj on the Sophienplatz in Kiev
Ludwig IV equestrian monument at Friedensplatz in Darmstadt
Equestrian statue of Princess Alexandrine of Prussia in the ladies' seat on Alexandrinenplatz in Ludwigslust , 2003
Alexander the Great and Bucephalus equestrian statue in Edinburgh
Equestrian monument to Ferdinand I on the Piazza Santissima Annunziata in Florence, designed by Giambologna and made by Pietro Tacca
Equestrian statue of Charles IV , Mexico City (1803)
Equestrian monument by Willibald Fritsch , Berlin, 1925
See also
Other equestrian figures
Occasionally the term "equestrian figure" is also used generally for depictions of people on horses; Mention should be made in this context of the high medieval statues of the “ Bamberg Rider ” or the “ Magdeburg Rider ” as well as related portraits.
Medieval and early modern equestrian figures of the dragon-slaying St. George and St. Martin ; in Spain, Santiago is shown regularly as a rider on horseback in his role as the “ moor killer ” ( matamoros ) .
literature
- Hjalmar Friis: Rytterstatuens Historie i Europe. Fra Oldtiden intil Thorvaldsen . Copenhagen 1933
- Wolfgang Vomm: Equestrian statues of the 19th and early 20th centuries in Germany . Dissertation, University of Cologne 1979
- Joachim Poeschke, Thomas Weigel, Britta Kusch-Arnhold (eds.), Praemium Virtutis III - equestrian statues from antiquity to classicism . Rhema-Verlag, Münster 2008, ISBN 978-3-930454-59-4
- Raphael Beuing: Equestrian Images of the Early Renaissance - Monument and Memoria . Rhema-Verlag, Münster 2010, ISBN 978-3-930454-88-4
Web links
- Horse and rider. A comparative consideration - backgrounds and photos on the subject of equestrian image