Elmshausen (Dautphetal)

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Elmshausen
community Dautphetal
Elmshausen coat of arms
Coordinates: 50 ° 51 ′ 30 ″  N , 8 ° 36 ′ 52 ″  E
Height : 238 m above sea level NHN
Area : 3.51 km²
Residents : 324  (Dec. 31, 2017)
Population density : 92 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation : July 1, 1974
Postal code : 35232
Area code : 06466
map
Location of Elmshausen in the municipality of Dautphetal
View of Elmshausen from the refuge
View of Elmshausen from the refuge

Elmshausen is a part of the municipality of Dautphetal in the central Hessian district of Marburg-Biedenkopf .

geography

location

Elmshausen is located 24 km west of the upper center of Marburg and eight km southeast of the middle center of Biedenkopf on the lower terrace of the Lahn valley at the foothills of the Rothaargebirge at the foot of the Roßberg, which rises 425 meters high. Thus Elmshausen is the easternmost part of the municipality. It is further surrounded by Silberg, Treisberg (437 meters) and rear-view mirror. The center of Elmshausen is 235 m above sea level. NN, the area is 351.38 ha. The Elmshausen district borders on the Dautphetal districts of Buchenau , Allendorf and Damshausen . In the east it borders on Kernbach and Brungershausen , districts of the municipality of Lahntal .

climate

Elmshausen is located in the warm, temperate rainy climate of the middle latitudes. The mean daily mean temperature is around 16–17 ° C in summer and around −1–1 ° C in winter. The mean amount of precipitation in the Elmshausen area is approx. 700–800 mm.

history

It was first mentioned in a document around 1200/1220, when the Wetter monastery owned one hoof and the von Hohenfels nine hooves in Elmshausen. In 1286 the Marburg bourgeois family von Gambach sold their goods to Elmshausen to the Caldern monastery .

Jewish history in Elmshausen

A small Jewish community had lived in Elmshausen since the beginning of the 19th century, with a Jewish resident being named for the first time in 1809, who belonged to the Jewish community in Gladenbach . In 1859 an independent Jewish community was founded in Elmshausen and Buchenau. In 1830 there were 30 Jews in Elmshausen, in 1845 there were five families, in 1859 seven families with 34 people.

The Jewish community used a prayer room in one of the private houses in Elmshausen and had temporarily employed its own teacher. Furthermore, a Jewish cemetery was created above the village.

In the time after the First World War there was still a Jewish family in Elmshausen, which did not change until the beginning of the First World War. Due to increasing reprisals, disenfranchisement and the consequences of the economic boycott, this family moved to Marburg and wanted to emigrate from there to Brazil, but this was no longer possible. The November pogroms of 1938 did not stop at Elmshausen either. A total of nine Jewish people who were born in Elmshausen and / or lived for a long time were killed during the Nazi era .

Manor

The Elmshausen manor

The manor Elmshausen had been the seat of the Lords of Döring since the 13th century. Today's manor house with its farm buildings was built in 1586 by Alexander von Döring, court master of Landgrave Ludwig IV . In the following years the owner changed more frequently, although these are not recorded. In 1856 the last President of the Nassau government inherited the estate, who retired here after the annexation by Prussia. After his death it was taken over by his nephews Wilhelm and Gustav. They extensively renovated the building and continued the farm. The property is still owned by the Ohm-Winter family today. Agriculture was largely abandoned, today the farm houses a riding facility with shelter for horses.

The ensemble consists of stables and barn buildings of different times, which are grouped around a central courtyard and mostly have a massive ground floor with half-timbered attachments, but are also made entirely of bricks. The complex is dominated by the stately, elongated mansion from 1586, which has four floors. The building has a vaulted cellar and a massive base, above which rises a partly plastered half-timbered, partly a solid ground floor made of natural stone.

Territorial reform

Until the regional reform in Hesse , Elmshausen was an independent municipality. 1 July 1974 at Elmshausen was powerful state law to the new greater community Dautphetal together . The headquarters of the municipal administration was installed in Dautphe . Local districts were set up for all formerly independent municipalities .

Territorial history and administration

The following list gives an overview of the territories in which Elmshausen was located and the administrative units to which it was subordinate:

population

Population development

For the year 1577, 20 households are recorded in Elmshausen, so a little over 100 people are likely to have lived there. There are no verifiable figures for the following centuries. In 1834 the population of Elmshausen is given as 151. Thus the number of inhabitants did not change significantly in almost 250 years. This remained so in the following decades, 140 inhabitants were counted in 1885 and 167 in 1939. There was a significant increase in the years after the Second World War. Due to the influx of refugees from Eastern European areas, the number rose to 223 in 1946 and 273 in 1956. In the years that followed, the number of inhabitants rose to 321 today.

Occupied population figures up to 1967 are:

• 1577: 20 house seats
• 1630: 4 house seats (1 three-horse, 3 two-horse farm workers)
• 1677: 1 suitor, 6 house grounds, 1 widow, 5 single persons.
• 1742: 4 households
Elmshausen: Population from 1830 to 2017
year     Residents
1830
  
 140
1834
  
 151
1840
  
 154
1846
  
 156
1852
  
 143
1858
  
 157
1864
  
 140
1871
  
 129
1875
  
 152
1885
  
 140
1895
  
 125
1905
  
 120
1910
  
 128
1925
  
 133
1939
  
 167
1946
  
 223
1950
  
 225
1956
  
 273
1961
  
 295
1967
  
 274
2007
  
 366
2012
  
 335
2016
  
 326
2017
  
 324
Data source: Historical municipality register for Hesse: The population of the municipalities from 1834 to 1967. Wiesbaden: Hessisches Statistisches Landesamt, 1968.
Further sources:; 1791 :; after 2000: Dautphetal community ( web archive )

Religious affiliation

 Source: Historical local dictionary

• 1830: 093 Protestant, 21 Jewish residents, 18  Mennonites .
• 1885: 130 Protestant, no Catholic, 10 Jewish residents
• 1961: 242 Protestant (= 82.03%), 53 Roman Catholic (= 17.97%) residents

Gainful employment

 Source: Historical local dictionary

• 1961: Labor force: 54 agriculture and forestry, 77 manufacturing, 7 trade and transport, 2 services and other.

Religions

The church of Elmshausen

Elmshausen belongs to the Evangelical Lutheran parish of Buchenau with Elmshausen. Due to the historical importance of the landlords from Elmshausen, the right of patronage remains with the Ohm-Winter family to this day. It was their ancestors who had the chapel built in Elmshausen, and in 1895 it was completely renovated and consecrated. The service takes place here every two weeks.

politics

Only a few mayors of the Elmshausen community have survived from earlier times. Carl Dietrich Schwam was elected to this office in 1895 and Andreas Damm in 1907. The last mayor of the community was Heinrich Diehl.

With the community reform, a local advisory council was installed in Elmshausen, which consists of three people and is elected every five years. This in turn elects the mayor for the duration of the local council's term of office. Heinrich Diehl was mayor for the longest time, namely from 1974 to 2001, and Herbert Kreiner (ELE) since 2001.

coat of arms

The coat of arms was awarded in 1962.

Blazon : Three black diagonal bars in gold, of which the middle one is covered with three little silver spur wheels .

Culture and sights

societies

Social life in Elmshausen is particularly supported by various associations. There is the volunteer fire brigade, which was founded in 1932, with its own youth and children's department. There is also a boys 'and girls' association founded in 1997 , the Grenzgangsgesellschaft Elmshausen, which takes part in the border crossing in Buchenau every seven years , the bird and nature conservation association and the Elmshausen riding club based in the manor.

Regular events

  • NDW & Schlager Party (first weekend in May)
  • Bridge Festival
  • May fire (on April 30th)
  • Open day of the volunteer fire brigade
  • Roast potatoes at the refuge (October 3rd)

Townscape

The historic town center has a random floor plan and a loose homestead arrangement. This is located around an estate with a manor house. The buildings in the east and north of the settlement were built after the Second World War and make up the largest part of the built-up area.

Economy and Infrastructure

Public facilities

In the village there is a children's playground, a football field, a festival area, a fire station, the community center and a refuge.

traffic

District road 22 leads to Elmshausen, which leads to federal road 62 . There is still a bus connection with line 481, which runs between Marburg and Biedenkopf and connects places in the hinterland. There is a connection to the Upper Lahn Valley Railway , which runs from Marburg to Erndtebrück , via Buchenau train station , which is 1.5 kilometers away .

Web links

Commons : Elmshausen  - Collection of Images

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g Elmshausen, Marburg-Biedenkopf district. Historical local dictionary for Hessen. (As of October 16, 2018). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
  2. ↑ "Population figures of the municipality of Dautphetal" on the website of the municipality of Dautphetal, accessed on March 28, 2018
  3. ^ On the Jewish history in Elmshausen and Buchenau on Alemannia Judaica.
  4. ↑ Law on the reorganization of the Biedenkopf and Marburg districts and the city of Marburg (Lahn) (GVBl. II 330-27) of March 12, 1974 . In: The Hessian Minister of the Interior (ed.): Law and Ordinance Gazette for the State of Hesse . 1974 No. 9 , p. 154 , § 20 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 3.0 MB ]).
  5. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 350 f .
  6. ^ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. State of Hesse. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
  7. ^ Grand Ducal Central Office for State Statistics (ed.): Contributions to the statistics of the Grand Duchy of Hesse . tape 13 . G. Jonghause's Hofbuchhandlung, Darmstadt 1872, DNB  013163434 , OCLC 162730471 , p. 12 ff . ( Online at google books ).
  8. ↑ The affiliation of the Biedenkopf office based on maps from the Historical Atlas of Hessen : Hessen-Marburg 1567–1604 . , Hessen-Kassel and Hessen-Darmstadt 1604–1638 . and Hessen-Darmstadt 1567–1866 .
  9. ↑ a b Grand Ducal Central Office for State Statistics (ed.): Contributions to the statistics of the Grand Duchy of Hesse . tape 13 . G. Jonghause's Hofbuchhandlung, Darmstadt 1872, DNB  013163434 , OCLC 162730471 , p. 27 ff ., § 40 point 6d) ( online at google books ).
  10. ↑ Latest countries and ethnology. A geographical reader for all stands. Kur-Hessen, Hessen-Darmstadt and the free cities. tape  22 . Weimar 1821, p. 415 ( online at Google Books ).
  11. ↑ Hessen-Darmstadt state and address calendar 1791 . In the publishing house of the Invaliden-Anstalt, Darmstadt 1791, p.  185, 265 ( online at HathiTrust's digital library ).
  12. ↑ Approval of a coat of arms of the municipality of Elmshausen in the district of Biedenkopf, administrative district of Wiesbaden from September 10, 1962 . In: The Hessian Minister of the Interior (ed.): State Gazette for the State of Hesse. 1962 No. 38 , p. 1266 , point 1017 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 5.0 MB ]).