SPÖ Tyrol

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SPÖ Tyrol
Logo of the SPÖ Tirol
Party leader Georg Dornauer
2018 Georg Dornauer (40539378944) .jpg
Club chairman Georg Dornauer
Country Managing Director Luke Matt
founding September 28, 1890
Place of foundation Telfs
Headquarters Salurner Strasse 2
6020 Innsbruck
Seats in state parliaments
6/36

( LTW 2018 / MPs )
Alignment Social democracy
Website www.dieneuespoe-tirol.at
State elections 1945–2018
35%
30%
25%
20%
15%
10%
5%
0%

The SPÖ Tirol (also Die neue SPÖ Tirol ) is the Tyrolean regional organization of the Social Democratic Party of Austria . It was founded at the end of the 19th century. From 1945 to 2013 she was involved in all Tyrolean provincial governments as a smaller coalition partner of the ÖVP and consistently provided the second deputy governor. After the state elections in April 2013 , the SPÖ Tirol left the state government for the first time in over sixty years in favor of the Tyrolean Greens .

historical development

The founding time until 1914

The SPÖ Tirol was founded on September 28, 1890, one year after the unification party congress of the socialist groups in Hainfeld . The founding meeting consisted of participants from all Tyrolean districts and was held in the “Zur Traube” inn in Telfs . The aim of the meeting was to build a party organization according to the program and principles of the Hainfeld party congress.

Several demands were defined as the goals of the newly founded party: the fight for freedom of the press and freedom of assembly, the introduction of labor protection legislation, the elimination of the prevailing military system in favor of a militia system based on the model of the Tyrolean Landlibell of 1511, the introduction of free tuition and religious tolerance . At the center of political action was the struggle for universal, equal, secret and direct suffrage , which was introduced in 1907. In the first election in 1907, Simon Abram from Innsbruck entered the Reichsrat as the first Social Democratic member of German Tyrol. Women's suffrage was introduced in 1919, and the social democrat Maria Ducia was the first woman in the Tyrolean state parliament in 1919.

As an agrarian country, Tyrol had a very small proportion of workers. The Social Democrats therefore campaigned intensively for the socially disadvantaged farmers and agricultural workers. In 1895 alone, almost 1,400 farms were auctioned in Tyrol. However, the efforts of the Social Democrats were thwarted in 1904 by the establishment of the Tyrolean Farmers' Union , which quickly gained a foothold in the conservative / Catholic peasantry.

From October 29 to November 2, 1911, a social democratic party congress was held in Innsbruck. A guest delegate at this party congress was Leon Trotsky , who a few years later would play an important role in the Russian Revolution .

Pacifism and War

Originally, the Tyrolean Social Democrats had a pacifist orientation in their program and repeatedly spoke out loudly against militarism. It was all the more disappointing for many workers that the entire Social Democratic Party in Austria committed itself to the so-called "Burgfriedenspolitik" at the beginning of the First World War by concluding a civil truce with the government willing to go to war and submitting to the war policy. From 1916 onwards, however, the Social Democrats took a turn and subsequently campaigned vehemently for peace and for the reintroduction of the political and social rights suspended during the war. A symbol of this struggle was the murder of a war advocate, namely the former Prime Minister Karl Graf von Stürgkh , by the Social Democrat Friedrich Adler in the Vienna Hotel Meissl & Schadn in 1916 .

Between the wars until 1933

In 1919 Austria-Hungary was smashed by the peace treaty of St. Germain, Tyrol found itself in the newly founded state of Austria . South Tyrol had to be ceded to Italy , where the South Tyrolean workers' movement was in fact dissolved before the general ban on political parties in 1926. The occupation of the trade union building in Bolzano by Italian fascists in 1923 deprived it of essential organizational foundations.

As a result of these events, the North and East Tyrolean social democracy was weakened and had to completely renew its organization. The Christian Socials became the determining force in Tyrol. In the first elections to the National Council on October 17, 1920, the Christian Socialists were victorious. In Tyrol, too, anti-republican and anti-parliamentary tendencies became stronger and stronger with the support of the Heimwehr (military association of conservatives). In no other federal state was the Heimwehr as extensive as in Tyrol, where the Heimwehr soon included all civil defense associations and was also supported by the church.

In Tyrol, the home guard was heavily armed with the support of the state government . Any resistance by the workers was hopeless, especially since the armed forces were built into the planning of the conservatives. The result was reprisals against the Republican Schutzbund , with the Tyrolean home guard leader Richard Steidle also playing an important role throughout Austria. In 1930 the Heimwehr in Korneuburg swore an oath on a policy of turning away from Western-style democracy . As early as 1933, Steidle demanded a detention center for political prisoners in Tyrol.

The Social Democrats from 1933 to 1945

After Chancellor Dollfuss switched off parliament in March 1933 and smashed democracy, on February 12, 1934 there was armed resistance by the Republican Protection Association. Fighting took place in Tyrol on February 13, 1934 and the authorities proclaimed martial law. Schutzbündler in Wörgl , Bad Häring and Kirchbichl gave the armed forces , the police and the Heimwehr several firefights. There were wounded and arrests followed. The Jenbach workers' strike was suppressed. The "red ringleaders" in Tyrol J. Lenk, J. Oberhofer, J. Astl and other co-defendants were sentenced to heavy arrest sentences by the Tyrolean regional court. The Tyrolean organization of the Republican Protection Association was dissolved. Subsequently, in May 1934, the democratic constitution was formally repealed and the Austro-Fascist corporate state was proclaimed.

The chairmen after 1945

Great personalities

literature

  • Joachim Gatterer: The socialist and communist labor movement in Tyrol and South Tyrol (1890–1991). Preparatory work and source collection for a documentation of their history. Dissertation Innsbruck 2017, 702 pages.
  • Joachim Gatterer: "Red mites in the plumage". Social democratic, communist and green alternative party politics in South Tyrol. StudienVerlag , Innsbruck a. a. 2009, ISBN 978-3-7065-4648-5 .
  • Rainer Hofmann / Horst Schreiber (eds.): Social democracy in Tyrol. The beginnings. Avonxar Verlag, Krailing 2003, ISBN 3-936902-02-X .
  • Gisela Hormayr: "I die proud and upright". Tyrolean socialists and communists in resistance against Hitler. StudienVerlag, Innsbruck a. a. 2012, ISBN 978-3-7065-5218-9 .
  • Gerhard Oberkofler : The Tyrolean labor movement from the beginning to the Second World War. 2nd, expanded edition. Europa Verlag , Vienna a. a. 1986.
  • Sabine Pitscheider: On stony ground. The SPÖ in East Tyrol 1945–1990. StudienVerlag, Innsbruck a. a. 2011, ISBN 978-3-7065-4999-8 .
  • Friedrich Stepanek: "I fought all fascism". Life paths of Tyrolean Spanish fighters. StudienVerlag, Innsbruck a. a. 2010, ISBN 978-3-7065-4833-5 .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Office of the Tyrolean provincial government: The club chairmen ... Accessed on April 15, 2020 .
  2. ↑ Chair & national organization. Accessed April 15, 2020 (German).
  3. ↑ Contact & Imprint. Accessed April 15, 2020 (German).
  4. ^ State of Tyrol - elections. Retrieved April 15, 2020 .
  5. ↑ orf.at - Blanik new SPÖ leader by a large majority . Article dated October 22, 2016, accessed October 22, 2016.
  6. ^ A b Tiroler Tageszeitung: Elisabeth Blanik resigns as party leader of the Tyrolean SPÖ . Article dated November 19, 2018, accessed November 19, 2018.
  7. ↑ orf.at: Party conference of the SPÖ Tirol: Dornauer received 85 percent and a reprimand . Article dated March 2, 2019, accessed March 2, 2019.