Delivery
Liefering is a district in the northwest of the city of Salzburg in Austria . The closed district (settlement area) Liefering is limited in the southeast by the Glanbach and the Glankanal, in the southwest the Salzburg – Rosenheim railway line forms the border and in the northwest the Saalach . In the east the Salzach borders the district. The center of the Liefering settlement ends at the green space around Mühlbach and Altglan. The salt axis settlement , which is also part of the Liefering district , adjoins this green space to the east, clearly separated . Today 14,500 people live in Liefering with its 697.9 hectares; This makes Liefering the most populous district of Salzburg after fiefdom .
Naming
The name Liefering appears for the first time in the Breves Notitiae in the 8th century as "Liueringe". The Bavarian suffix -ing denotes an affiliation. A personal name Lifero is presumed in the final word , which itself should go back to the Romance name Libero . The place name Liefering thus originally referred to a place of residence and abode where a person of this name and their relatives could be found.
history
Dwellings and tools from the Neolithic Age were excavated in the vicinity of the mission monastery . Dwellings and equipment from the Bronze Age were also recovered from Grafenhügel . As many archaeological finds prove, Liefering was also inhabited in the Celtic epochs of Hallstatt and Latène and later in the time of the Roman Empire .
Litter finds from the time of the Roman conquest of the area prove a short-term settlement of the place. Mainly so-called Auerberg ceramic pots and a fibula were found in the course of a rescue excavation in 1985 . At some distance from this presumed settlement, cremation graves from the same period were found when gravel was extracted. Of grave goods iron weapons (swords, spearheads, could shield boss ) be salvaged, including there was also a Roman short sword ( gladius ). The swords were bent according to Celtic custom and thus marked as sacrificial or grave goods. The gladius and this burial ritual, which was unusual in the Salzburg area at the time, point to Celtic auxiliary troops from the southern Alps.
Liefering is located directly on the edge of the cemetery terrace at an old crossing (ford, later bridge, documented since 1372) over the Saalach and emerged from a church settlement that was already occupied in the late 8th century. Today's parish church of Liefering, consecrated to Saints Peter and Paul, was first mentioned in documents around 790 and was originally a branch church of Siezenheim. Today's late Gothic church with its Romanesque core was consecrated in 1516. In the battle of the Walserfeld between Austria and the Napoleonic troops in December 1800, the Count Hill in Liefering was also fiercely contested.
The landscape east of the village of Liefering below the cemetery terrace belonged to the Salzach floodplain, which was once flowed through by the Glan and the Mühlbach (a branch of the same) as well as by several broad branches of the Salzach until the Salzach regulation. This floodplain was mainly used for the fishing industry and also supplied z. T. also firewood. Partly there was also extensively used pasture and meadow land. It was not until the 15th and 16th centuries that the first traders settled in Liefering (around 1549 paper mill and 1675 powder mill in Rott). Most of the houses in the older town center were not built until the 18th century. In 1860 Liefering was cut off from the community of Siezenheim, which Liefering became part of after 1849, when the Kaiserin-Elisabeth-Westbahn was expanded.
In 1934 the Lieferingen Nazi putsch took place . The place, which grew rapidly in the 20th century, was incorporated into the city of Salzburg in 1939. The construction of the Reichsautobahn, which began in 1938, once again resulted in a fragmentation of the place, which was only remedied a few years ago by building over the autobahn in this area.
The cadastral municipality of Liefering (in which today the border of the former municipality of Liefering is shown), in which the present district of Liefering is located and isolated from it, the Salzachseesiedlung, extends to the extreme north of the city of Salzburg and is bounded there by the Saalachspitz , where the Saalach flows into the Salzach . The course of the Saalach up to the railway bridge (railway line Salzburg - Munich) also forms the city limit towards Freilassing . To the east, the cadastral community of Liefering is bordered by the Salzach river towards the cadastral community of Bergheim and by the Aribonenstraße towards the cadastral community of Itzling . In the south, the cadastral community extends far into what is now the Lehen district. There, Paumannstrasse and Franz-Martin-Strasse form this boundary, which today is only important in terms of history and land registers.
Significant events and objects relating to the history of the district are documented in a series of publicly displayed display boards scattered across the district, the Lieferinger Kulturwanderweg .
Culture and sights
The two Lieferingen churches
The old Liefering parish church is consecrated to Saints Peter and Paul and is elevated in the historical center of Liefering. Its baroque church tower can be seen from afar. The oldest building remains here go back to the early 8th century. Remains of a Romanesque hall building were also excavated under the floor of the church. The church has been documented since 790. For a long time it was a subsidiary church of Siezenheim. The current Gothic building with its high nave crowned by a ribbed vault was consecrated in 1516. The eight altarpieces from the late Gothic high altar (created around 1465 by the “Master von Liefering”) are remarkable. The late baroque altars were made in 1791. The church has been its own parish church since 1940.
The parish church of Sankt Martin in the new Liefering-Lehenau settlement area is a modern sacred building. The Linz architects Rüdiger Stelzer and Walter Hutter drew the plans. The church was consecrated in 1980 by Archbishop Karl Berg. The geometric shape of the circle dominates the church building: The sacred space is designed as a semicircle, in which two ceilings swing forward in a dynamic curve. The church tower also has open round walls. The baptistery is remarkable with its deep, also round baptismal font.
Liefering and its parts
Today Liefering can be divided into the following parts: Old Liefering, Neuliefering, Liefering-Lehenau (next to the Glankanal east of the Munich main road), the officers' settlement and the Salzburg exhibition center near the Salzach, Rott (including the Herrenau ) and the trout trail settlement .
Alt Liefering (church district)
Alt Liefering is an old heaped village. Located on the edge of the cemetery terrace of the Salzach, it was originally a farming village, although fishing has often been a sideline since early modern times. Since 1493, the Lieferingen boatmen had the right to fish on the Salzach in winter in exchange for a "fish service". There were also five own fish ponds in Liefering.
The town center is in the next room around the church on Grafenhügel . Originally, a single old rural family estate in aristocratic ownership is conceivable in the Liefering area. By dividing old “full hats” many smaller goods (called “Gütln”) could have been created in the course of history. Liefering consisted of 91 houses in 1830 and had 560 residents. The historic town center is divided into two parts, the upper village near the city and the lower village, which is now north of the motorway. Since the construction of the motorway in 1939 (with the interruption in 1941 until its completion in the later 1950s) the place was divided. Only with the construction of the 500 meter long Liefering environmental protection tunnel from the Salzburg Mitte junction towards Walserberg , autumn 1999-2001, was the site restored, which was the sole purpose of this construction project and is intended to promote urban development in the north-east of Salzburg, which is isolated by the motorway. The cover is open space.
The following mansions and manors are remarkable in this old settlement area (in addition to a few preserved farmhouses):
- The Baldehof was an agricultural estate for at least 300 years and was originally called Lechnergut or Grafengut. In 1889 the estate was acquired by the Congregation of the Sisters of Mercy. The Baldehof has been used as the vicarage of the old Liefering parish since 1993 and as a supraregional parish center since 2000.
- The castle farm with the St. Anna Chapel : This free-standing seat with its high roof was first mentioned in 1463. The building was rebuilt under Leonhard Ehrgott in the years after 1600. The adjacent chapel dedicated to St. Anna (more correctly the Maria Himmelfahrt chapel) was built in 1606. The Rococo stucco of the vault and the altar date from the time after 1750. The former farm was and is repeatedly referred to as a castle due to its striking and stately appearance.
Liefering-Nord
The Liefering Nord area is one of the city's youngest settlements, a part of the city that was practically entirely built after the Second World War. While most of the residential buildings near the city were built between 1960 and 1970, the large industrial area in the north of the city did not grow until after 1970. The newly routed Munich main road, which opens up these settlements, was only completed here in 1960.
Red
Rott is a small but rather old settlement core. It was originally a clearing island in the Saalachau, from which the name is derived. The settlement was once in a very central location on the main route to the old Saalachfurt, which had been connected to the left bank of the river by a bridge since around 1700. A paper mill was built here as early as 1549 and a powder mill in 1675. In 1830 there were only 11 houses here. The old Saalach Bridge (rebuilt in 1931) was blown up shortly before the end of the Second World War and was not rebuilt afterwards. In 2005 the local hydropower plant was rebuilt.
Herrenau
The closest small settlement core of Lieferinger Herrenau is named after the farm of the same name there, which is also called "Riedlgut". The state shooting range, a football training camp (football academy, an expansion for ice hockey is planned), an extensive allotment garden and a private riding stable of the Riedl family are located here today. The area extends to the Saalachspitz , the headland at the mouth of the Saalach.
Salt axis settlement
The Salzachseesiedlung with about 2,000 inhabitants by far the largest Salzburger settlement. The salt axes are quarry ponds used in the construction of the autobahn and are now an important local recreational area. The urban area has been developing since the closure of the salt axle dump in 1969.
Trout trail settlement
The trout trail settlement is one of the largest settlements in the city of Salzburg, initially with around 1000 residents in over 300 apartments. A three-group kindergarten, an event hall and a bar are connected. The settlement was planned in 1983/1984 and built from 1987 to 1990.
Liefering-Süd
- Kapellenweg settlement
The Kapellenweg settlement is named after the chapel there, which served the Sacred Heart missionaries as the first provisional monastery church before 1895. The eponymous chapel to St. Philomena is a simple building with a round apse, which was built in 1830 and expanded 1837th
- Zimmermannfeldsiedlung
The Zimmermannsfeldsiedlung also belongs to Liefering-Süd. This settlement was built on the grounds of the Furtner carpentry workshop after the Second World War. The residential buildings also served as a civil servant housing estate for employees of the Christian Doppler Clinic.
- Annahofsiedlung
Very soon after the Second World War, apartment blocks and row houses were built on both sides of the old Guggenmoosstrasse during the occupation. On the regulated Glan, the new Annahofschule was built here in 1959 ("Higher educational institution for industrial women professions"). Previously there was an old castle here (originally on the right side of the Glan), the Hof am Gailenbach, which the owners Lackner (“Lackner Schlössl”) sold to yodelling farmers in 1808 (“Jodlbauerngut”) and which was later named Annahof. The small pavilion in the southern part of the garden can also be seen as a last remnant of the old castle. The straightening of the Glan and the Guggenmoosstraße there resulted in additional small-scale building areas.
- Christian Doppler Clinic
The Christian Doppler Clinic was built on the land of two farm estates, the Gierling estate and the Langwallner estate. Attempts to create a general institution for the mentally ill and handicapped go back to 1778. One of the first representatives of modern neurological healing was the Salzburg neurologist Franz Valentin Zillner . In 1898 the sanatorium for the mentally and mentally ill was opened. At that time it was one of the most progressive mental health institutions in Austria. Today's modern Christian Doppler Clinic has the departments of neurology, neurosurgery, geriatrics, psychiatry and psychotherapy, supplemented by clinical psychology and neuroanesthesia tasks.
The Church of St. Salvator is on the grounds of the Christian Doppler Clinic. It was built in the neo-Romanesque style between 1896 and 1898 according to plans by Adolf Lasch and August Wallner. The historicizing altar shows a picture of the Heart of Jesus in the altarpiece. The Way of the Cross of Christ is shown as a wall painting.
- Schönleiten Palace (Missionary House of the Sacred Heart Missionaries)
Three farms were originally located here: the Surheimergut, the Esterergut and the Sintlergütl. In 1654 the Salzburg canons built Schönleiten Palace here . The inscription cartouche of the builder Johann Dietrich Graf Muggenthal (1655) has been preserved on the tower. The castle later belonged to the cathedral chapter. In 1889 the Sacred Heart Missionaries bought the castle and converted it into a monastery. The monastery church was built in 1895 and the grammar school in 1910 and later the mission museum. The facade in its current form dates from 1914.
Liefering-Lehenau
The area around Bessarabierstrasse was built in 1940 as a "Volkswohnsiedlung" (South Tyrolean settlement). The street names here are reminiscent of former German settlement areas in Southeast Europe.
This is followed by the residential buildings formerly known as “Small Settlement” and “Large Settlement”. The streets there are reminiscent of earlier Salzburg locations in today's Rupertiwinkel in Bavaria (e.g. Laufenstrasse, Tittmoningstrasse).
- General Keyes Settlement
The houses of the officers' settlement were built by the American occupation forces after the Second World War for the families of American soldiers (and so it was formerly known as the "Ami settlement"). The central General-Keyes-Strasse commemorates General Geoffrey Keyes , who was in command of the US Corps Sicily-North Africa from 1943 to 1945, Commander in Chief of US troops in Europe from 1945 to 1947 and US Commander in Chief in Austria from 1947 to 1950. In 2016 the settlement was the location for the film The Best of All Worlds .
- Exhibition center Salzburg and Salzburgarena
Today's Messezentrum Salzburg was founded as "Salzburger Exhibition Center Ges.mbH" (SAZ) in 1973 by three third owners at the time, the City of Salzburg, the State of Salzburg and the Chamber of Commerce (Chamber of Commerce). In 1974 the first three finished halls could be used for the first time with a first exhibition ("AutoZum") and opened in 1974 after the fourth hall was completed. Two more halls were opened in 1976. Today fifteen halls are available. In addition to Messezentrum Salzburg GmbH, the most important organizer is Reed Exhibitions Messe Salzburg; there are also other guest organizers. The trade fairs held here are mainly trade fairs, but also public fairs such as the “Automesse Salzburg”, the “Salzburg Games Fair” and the “Classic Expo” take place here.
Immediately next to the exhibition halls is the Salzburgarena , a multifunctional hall that is not only used for trade fair events, but with the option of providing up to 6700 seats, especially for sports and music events.
Infrastructure
As the original suburb of Salzburg, Liefering still has a classic village center in the north-west of the district. In terms of urban planning, this is very different from the rest of the district, which was created through the enormous growth of the city and finally led to incorporation in 1939 . Even today Liefering calls itself self-identifying as "the village within the city".
In Liefering exist in the school sector
- four kindergartens
- two elementary schools
- a secondary school
- a hoard
- the private high school of the Sacred Heart Missionaries
- a HBLA
The soccer academy of FC Red Bull Salzburg is located in the green space north of Liefering, on the former trotting track .
traffic
The main route from Liefering is Ignaz-Harrer-Strasse and its extension, the Münchner Bundesstrasse , which leads to the German border crossing to Freilassing . The Westautobahn connection point Salzburg Mitte is located on it , and with the exit Salzburg Messezentrum Liefering has another connection point to the A1.
Liefering can be reached with the trolleybus lines 1, 4 and 7. In the course of the construction of the Salzburg S-Bahn , it was also connected to local rail transport. The S-Bahn station Salzburg Liefering went into operation at the end of 2013 and is approached twice an hour in each direction. The Salzburg Taxham Europark station , which also has large parts of Liefering as its catchment area, was opened in 2006 and is served three times an hour in both directions.
Personalities
- Julius Haagn (* 1844 in Liefering; † 1925 in Salzburg), businessman and honorary citizen of Salzburg
- Martin Hell (* 1885 in Liefering; † 1975 in Salzburg), archaeologist
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Franz Hörburger : Salzburg Place Name Book , edited by Ingo Reiffenstein and Leopold Ziller, ed. from the Salzburg Society for Regional Studies, Salzburg 1982 (without ISBN)
- ^ Fritz Moosleitner: On the continuity from the late Latène period to the early imperial period in the Salzburg region. In: Colloquia on Prehistory and Early History (in press).
- ^ Susanne Sievers / Otto Helmut Urban / Peter C. Ramsl: Lexicon for Celtic Archeology. A-K and L-Z ; Announcements of the prehistoric commission in the publishing house of the Austrian Academy of Sciences , Vienna 2012, ISBN 978-3-7001-6765-5 , p. 1640 f.
- ^ A1 West Autobahn - Liefering environmental protection tunnel (on archive.org) ( Memento from August 24, 2005 in the Internet Archive ) , project profile, engineering office Laabmayr & Partner ZT, laabmayr.at → References
- ^ Salzburger Nachrichten: Apartment from 1950s becomes a museum . Article dated November 9, 2017, accessed November 9, 2017.
_COA.svg)
Districts: Aigen | ( Old Town (left) | Old Town (right) | Elisabeth-Vorstadt | Gneiss | Gneiss South | Gnigl | Itzling | Schlachthofsiedlung | Kasern | Langwied | Lehen | Leopoldskron-Moos | Liefering | Maxglan | Kendlersiedlung | Morzg | Mülln | Neustadt | Nonntal | Parsch | Riedenburg | Salzburg-Süd | Schallmoos | Taxham . Landscapes: Hellbrunn | Gaisberg | Heuberg