Święciechowa
| Święciechowa | |||
|---|---|---|---|
|
|
||
| Basic data | |||
| State : | Poland | ||
| Voivodeship : | Greater Poland | ||
| Powiat : | Leszno | ||
| Geographic location : | 51 ° 51 ' N , 16 ° 30' E | ||
| Residents : | 2764 (2010) | ||
| Postal code : | 64-115 | ||
| Telephone code : | (+48) 65 | ||
| License plate : | PLE | ||
| Economy and Transport | |||
| Next international airport : | Poznań-Ławica | ||
| Gmina | |||
| Gminatype: | Rural community | ||
| Gmina structure: | 12 school offices | ||
| Surface: | 134.97 km² | ||
| Residents: | 8066 (Jun. 30, 2019) |
||
| Population density : | 60 inhabitants / km² | ||
| Community number ( GUS ): | 3013052 | ||
| Administration (as of 2015) | |||
| Community leader : | Marek Lorych | ||
| Address: | ul. Ułańska 4 64-115 Święciechowa |
||
| Website : | www.swieciechowa.pl | ||
Święciechowa ([ ɕfjɛnt͡ɕɛˈxɔva ] German Schwetzkau ) is a village and seat of the rural community of the same name ( gmina wiejska ) in the Polish Voivodeship of Greater Poland .
geography
Geographical location
The village is located about seventy kilometers southwest of the city of Poznan and six kilometers west of the center of the city of Leszno ( Lissa ).
The district of Święciechowa lies in the Leszno plain and includes parts of the Przemęt Landscape Park and the Protected Landscape Area, which consists of the three nature reserves Przemęt-Wschowa , Święciechowa-Krzycko Małe and Krzywiń-Osieck .
Neighboring communities
The place Święciechowa borders directly on the city of Leszno in the east, on the municipality of the Lower Silesian municipality of Góra ( Guhrau ) in the south, on the municipality of Wschowa ( Fraustadt ) in the west and on the municipalities of Włoszakowice ( Luschwitz ) and Lipno ( Leiperode ) in the north .
history
First settlement and foundation of the city
The first written mention of the place was as Svecechov . In the in Posen issued certificate Duke confirmed Bolesław the Pious from Greater Poland on 22 February 1258 the privileges of the church for the village, including the exemption from all burdens and from the secular jurisdiction, which the Church on December 26, 1181 Władysław Odon get would have. Presumably this document was bogus, as neither Władysław Odoni nor the witness Bishop Paul were in office in December 1181. Furthermore, Svecechov had the right to hold a fair .
Svecechov was a rural village and at that time owned an estate with a rampart and moat, as well as houses of the Kmetes and serfs , which were located on a south-south-west flowing brook, the Augraben. The village belonged to the Lubin Benedictine Abbey northeast of Leszno . At the point at the exit of the village, where the route from Posen to Glogau led across the stream, there was a customs post of the monastery. Due to the special efforts of Abbot Jakob, it was approved by the Greater Poland Duke and later King of Poland Przemysław II on 17th and 22nd. May 1277, Svecechow and Radlewo to be laid out as a city under German law. At the same time, the city was given the right to hold markets and withhold market taxes. The residents were also granted civil rights and a civil court was set up to regulate all civil disputes. The document confirming this comes from the 14th century, but was probably not a forgery, but a replacement document for the lost original. In the document from December 7, 1302, Duke Heinrich III confirmed . von Schlesien-Glogau the privileges that Duke Przemysław II had bestowed on the monastery and mentions Svecechow as a town. The new settlers for the city were probably Germans from Silesia .
With the arrival of the settlers, the settlement of the place outside the original Slavic settlement began. The market square extended in a rectangular way with the longitudinal extension from west to east and at each corner two streets went off at right angles. As a result, traffic to the east from the market had two streets, but they joined at the east gate. This system is called the “Silesian Double Road System”. At the border of the city the streets were closed by a gatehouse. Six farmsteads were laid out on the long sides of the market and four on the short sides, and each farmer received a hoof of land outside the city. The buildings were built on a foundation of field stones , wood and clay. The entire city was surrounded by a fence on stakes. The old Slavic settlement Lange Au was not included. Your name may have been preserved by the name Rädel for the parcel west of the village and indicates the former location. Each settler in the city received a contiguous hoof of land. However, the hooves first had to be cleared and made arable. The break and the strip along the floodplain were designated as common land and each villager was allowed to graze a cow on it. The rest of the land, around 1,100 acres , remained the property of the monastery. In the middle of the village was the town hall, where, among other things, the courts were held. Due to the fact that Dreiding was never mentioned in the town's documents, it is assumed that Svecechov received higher jurisdiction from the abbots. After the settlers' houses were built, construction of the church began. Above all, Abbot Jacob was the driving force. Among other things, he provided the construction specialists from among the monks and supplied the building materials. This probably explains why James the Elder was chosen as patron of the church. The main regular market was held on Sundays. In 1300 a nobleman is said to have attacked and robbed Schulze Heinrich Svecechow. Abbot Vincenz von Lubiń then forced him to pay damages.
After the Fraustädter Land , to which Svecechow belonged, had joined Silesia around 1310, King Casimir III began. the great with the reconquest of the territories. During the fighting for the area between 1340 and 1346 the town including the church and town hall was burned down. In 1345 Sveczkow, like the surrounding area, became part of Poland and remained part of the Poznan Voivodeship until 1793 . On May 5, 1366, the Vogt Waremul sold the village to his son-in-law Nikolaus Cordbok. In 1382, Duke Heinrich VII of Silesia-Glogau tried again to recapture the Fraustädter Land. At the same time, Konrad von Öls and Semovit von Mazovia also invaded the area. Finally, the fourth army marched into the area under Peregrinus de Wągleszino , the latter in order to free it from the first three. All armies, however, brought destruction and pillage with them to the areas through which they passed. Sveczkow was not spared either.
15th to 18th century
In the middle of the 15th century , during the wars against the Teutonic Order , the city provided ten foot soldiers for the Polish army. At that time there was probably already a hospital and a school in the city, but there is no documentary evidence of this. In 1445 the city was completely destroyed again and reconstruction only began two years later. On May 26, 1448, Abbot Stephan confirmed the Magdeburg law of the city again, as the old documents had been lost due to the devastation. On January 16, 1469, King Casimir IV Jagiello granted two more annual markets, one on the Sunday before Pentecost and one on the feast of the Exaltation of the Cross . In 1474 Johann von Sagan traveled through Greater Poland with Silesian troops. He plundered many towns and villages, destroyed the Lubiń Monastery and did not spare Swieciechowo. In the years that followed, Schulze Georg collected funds in Poland, Silesia, Moravia and Russia in order to be able to finance the construction of the church. The building made of fired bricks, financed in this way and erected in 1480, survived in its basic form until at least 1669/1669. In memory of George he was registered by the Lubiń monks in their death register.
At the beginning of the 16th century , Poland-Lithuania, united in personal union, had established itself as a central European great power; Even among the German inhabitants of Swieciechowos, a process of gradual polonization began. From around the middle of the 16th century, the council books, which had been kept in German until then, were kept in Polish and the sermons in the church were hardly ever in German. On January 25, 1549 Swieciechowo burned down again and had to be rebuilt, for which the citizens were exempted from paying taxes. In a tax list of the 16th century for Swieciechowo 71 businesses are listed and the area belonging to the city is given as 31 Hufen. The size of the area - Fraustadt (Wschowa) had only 8.5 hooves at the time - indicates that the city was heavily influenced by agriculture. Swieciechowo did not benefit from the wave of immigration from Bohemia and Silesia at the end of the 15th century. So the place did not participate in the associated economic boom. The fast-growing Lissa actually took away some of the importance of the place for the local economy. In 1610 the episcopal visitor Kaspar Happ reported about a second church next to the brick church of St. Jacob . This half-timbered hospital church was dedicated to Saint Laurentius . This church was in need of renovation at that time and collapsed soon afterwards. Happ also reported on a school building made of bricks and a hospital. In 1639 a brewery was built in the city.
When the Swedes occupied Poland in the Second Northern War , Święciechowa was also occupied. The direct consequences for the city are not known; when the Swedes had to leave Lissa in 1656, Święciechowa is said to have been plundered. The following years, like all of Poland, were characterized by economic stagnation and even decline.
In 1694 the collapsed Church of St. Lawrence was rebuilt. On February 9, 1706, Swedish troops under General Rhenskjöld marched into Schwetzko, and in the night of February 12 to 13, almost the entire infantry and part of the cavalry of the general's 19,000-man army were in the city and its immediate vicinity . Subsequently, they defeated the Russian-Saxon army not far from Schwetzko. In the following years there were several smaller Swedish troops in Święciechowa. In July 1707 troops of the Russian general Schulz Lissa destroyed and also raged in Schwetzko. In September 1707 the Swedes were again in the already heavily destroyed city, even if the destruction was not as severe as that in the almost completely destroyed Lissa. In the years 1709 and 1710 the plague raged and with it a severe famine in the area. It is not known how exactly it went in Schwetzko. The survivors collected money and were able to decorate the church's image of Mary with a robe made of chased silver. The inscription reports 2,200 deaths, but the number must be considered too high.
Only a few years after the end of the war , a civil war broke out in Poland after the confederation of Tarnogród , in the course of which around 1716 the military moved through and the associated looting in Schwetzko. In 1722 a larger than life figure of Our Lady was erected in the center of Schwetzko. During the Northern War, the Swedish general was allegedly repeatedly seen by a white woman and prevented him from shelling the city. In 1737 the wooden hospital church collapsed. At that time, a number of church buildings in the Fraustadt deanery were in poor condition and some were even in danger of collapsing. The church, the expansion of which was completed in 1750/1751, was struck by lightning on June 3, 1780. The resulting fire severely damaged the church and most of the city burned down. At the end of the 18th century Schwetzkau also suffered from the political and the associated economic problems in Poland. The taxes had been increased, but at the same time hardly any expenditures were made for the infrastructure or other public needs. The largest part of the taxes went to the Polish crown or the manorial power, the monastery in Lubiń, only a small part, in 1792 it was 2,587 Reichstaler , remained with the city. So it came about that the liabilities in 1793 had increased to 14,722 Reichstaler.
1795 until today
With the third partition of Poland-Lithuania in 1795, the city came under the rule of Prussia and was first immediately, but then on January 14, 1797 to the Secret Cabinet Councilor v. Beyer left in Berlin . A detailed inventory analysis of the locality, called Indaganda , was carried out. In 1800 the city had 218 houses, twenty mills, two churches, three public buildings and 1,264 inhabitants, including 31 linen weavers as well as other tradespeople. Linen weaving, in particular the manufacture of drills , developed in the following years so that by 1810 126 looms were already being made.
Schwetzkau still had the size and basic shape that it had already had in the 17th century. The streets were in a very bad condition, the spray and brewery were the only public buildings as the town hall and school had not been rebuilt after the fire of 1780. Together with the suburb, there were 209 residential buildings in Schwetzkau, 110 of which were covered with straw and the rest with shingles. In total there were 91 farms and 89 barns. There were 91 horses, 60 oxen, 250 cows, 525 sheep and 3 pigs in terms of livestock. The tax burden did not change due to the new Prussian rule, only the parts of the taxes that had previously been paid in kind now had to be paid in cash. The western city gate was demolished in 1805, the gates in the north and south of Schwetzkau can still be traced back to 1900. In 1839 the hospital church, which had since been rebuilt, was torn down. The Schwetzkaus brewery burned down in 1876 and was not rebuilt by the citizens. In 1807 Schwetzkau became part of the Duchy of Warsaw, which was newly founded after the Peace of Tilsit . After this was dissolved in 1815, Schwetzkau became part of Prussia again. An economic upswing began at the beginning of the 20th century. At that time, Polish farmers started buying up German farms in Święciechowa. Twenty estates changed hands in this way.
After the end of the First World War and the creation of the Second Polish Republic , Polish political agitators tried from 1918 in the Wielkopolska Uprising to bring parts of the province of Poznan under their control. Schwetzkau remained under German sovereignty until the armistice ordered by the Entente in 1919. On January 17, 1920 Schwetzkau had to be ceded to the Second Polish Republic due to the provisions of the Versailles Treaty . In 1934 the place lost its town charter.
On September 2, 1939, one day after the start of the attack on Poland , a small Polish tank formation set fire to all windmills, grain stacks, barns and some farms in Święciechowa. Parts of the German-speaking population then fled. On September 3, Polish tanks drove through the village again, and the Wehrmacht marched in on September 5. In the days that followed, the three chapels at the entrances to the town were torn down, the Johannes Nepomuk figure on Lissaer Strasse and all the crosses were overturned. In August 1940 the figure of Our Lady was removed from the market square. Due to protests by the predominantly Catholic German population, the three police officers assigned for this purpose had to call in reinforcements from Lissa, Reisen and Storchnest before the statue could be removed.
When the eastern front approached Schwetzkau at the end of the Second World War , work on the fortification began. On January 20, 1945, the residents received orders to prepare to flee the city, and on the same day a trek of 123 horse-drawn carriage set off for Berlin. There were no major battles around Schwetzkau. The village was occupied by the Red Army and again Polish.
Some of the remaining German Schwetzkauer were sent to the nearby Grune camp, where they had to carry out construction work for the cities or were posted as forced laborers for Polish companies. The German residents were subsequently expelled from the village by the local Polish administrative authority .
Population numbers
- 1800: 1,264
- 1837: 1,578
- 1861: 1,547
- 1885: 1,576
religion
Presumably after 1552 a Reformation movement started in the city , but exact documents are not available. However, this only lasted for a short time and must have been completed before 1598. The population of the nearby Lissa (Leszno), however, became Protestant and in the following years the Catholics remained a minority there. The wave of Protestant German settlers who came from Germany to practice their religion freely in Poland at the invitation of King Wladysław II at the beginning of the 17th century did not settle in Schwetzkau either. Rather, they stayed in nearby Lissa. In 1629 Piotr Mieszkowski became pastor, followed by Bartholomäus Sander in 1634 . In 1639 Święciechowa was mentioned as a place of pilgrimage. Matthäus Damian Schmidt was mentioned as a pastor in 1708. He died on September 29, 1736. His successor was Matthäus Grygier and his successor Martin Krause. An organ was not installed in the church until the turn of the 18th and 19th centuries. Previously, only singing was used, and from the 17th century on, accompanying instruments may have been used for worship. By the 18th century at the latest, preaching was done in German in the church. The church registers were written in Latin until 1793, then in German. This changed in 1874, from that year the records were again made in Latin. Around 1900 belonged to the parish Święciechowa the Vorwerke Wiese , (Mączyn), Garthe , Priebisch , Treben ; Wolfsvorwerk and Wolfs-Treben . Trade and industry declined in Schwetzkau during this time. This was partly due to the up-and-coming Lissa and industrialization .
Since Święciechowa was a spiritual city, Jews were not allowed to stay in it until the middle of the 18th century. After this privilegium de non tolerandis Judaeis was abolished , 105 Jews were found in 1792; there were still only five Lutherans at that time.
Surname
The original name of the settlement was Svecechov , which has changed again and again over time. Designations were also used in parallel, depending on the language used. Slavic / Polish:
- 1258-1302 - Svecechov
- 1333-1371 - Sveczkow
- 1360 - Swanczechow
- 1469, 1480 - Swieciechowo
- 1510 - Swanczechow
- 1604 - Swieciechowo
- Around 1650 - Święciechowa
- 1795, 1806 - Święciechowo and Świeciechowa
German:
- 1630 - Schweciko
- 1639 - Schwetzke and Schwetzkau
- 1642 - Schwetzkow
- 1711 - Schwetzko
- Around 1800 - Schwätzkau
Population development
On the basis of a document from 1418 in which only purely German names were mentioned, one can assume that the place was largely, if not completely, inhabited by Germans at that time. In 1610 the visitor Kaspar Happ mentioned that the city was inhabited by Germans. However, there were also Poles who probably worked as servants on the monastery property.
1792 lived in Schwetzkau 31 linen weavers, 20 millers, 15 shoemakers, twelve butchers, four tailors, three carpenters and one cloth maker, glove maker, blacksmith and armorer, furrier, bricklayer and a wheelwright. A total of 1,199 people lived in the village between 1792 and 1793. In 1803 the population had risen to 1,313, the number of Jews had fallen to eight, and in 1823 to just two. By 1849 the population rose to 1,500. The population increased further until 1910 and amounted to 1,525, of which 203 were Poles.
politics
coat of arms
The town's coat of arms was created in 1630. It shows Christ climbing out of the grave, with a crown of thorns and a palm frond in his right hand. The inscription reads "Sigill: Civitatis: Schwecikoviensis: 1630".
Community partnerships
The municipality of Święciechowa has partnerships with Aixe-sur-Vienne in France and Großhabersdorf in Germany.
Attractions
The brick church, consecrated to James the Elder , is the town's most important attraction. The original church was in the 14./15. It was burned down by soldiers in the 18th century and reconstruction only began after 1474. The Vogt Georg had collected donations in Poland, Moravia, Bohemia and Russia. In 1668 the pastor Bartholomäus Sander had the church extended by an annex on the south side. In 1730, on the initiative of Pastor Matthäus Damian Schmidt, another extension was made. This had become necessary because the numerous pilgrims could no longer be caught by the old building. In 1660 Sander founded a rosary fraternity, later a scapular fraternity followed . The enlargement of the church was continued under Matthäus Grygier and ended in 1750/51. On June 22, 1754, the church was consecrated by Józef Kierski (1736–1768). Barely 30 years later, on June 3, 1780, lightning struck the church and the subsequent fire destroyed parts of the interior and the church records. During the reconstruction, a wooden structure was placed on the Gothic tower, with which the church reached a height of about 70 meters. There were five bells in the belfry, the largest, cast by Adam Huldt in Posen in 1780, had a diameter of 80 centimeters.
On the north side of the church is the oldest grave monument of the place. It dates from 1639 and is a sandstone slab about two meters high. This bears the inscription "DOM" (for "Deo Omnipotenti Maximo" - the almighty God). The words “D. Lisieckich ”and on the left“ D. Radowickich ”. Between these words is the Grzymała coat of arms . Under this coat of arms there is a relief of two children kneeling in front of a cross. The text beneath it reads in German: “Maciej and Mikołaj Radowicki, two brothers, at the age of three and a half and two and a half years, the older on May 11th and the younger on May 12th 1639, paid their duties and died were buried here in a grave. The grieving parents Maciej Radowicki from Klein Radowick, Voivodeship and District of Kulm, and Sofia Lisiecka from Koszew have lovingly placed this gravestone in their eternal memory ”.
There is another tomb at the entrance to the church. This was erected in memory of the pastor Matthäus Damian Schmidt. The two meter high sandstone slab shows the pastor kneeling before a cross. The inscription is barely legible today. It reads "DOMPM Sta viator et lege, hic jacet Mattheus Damianus Schmidt hujus Eccelesiae per annos 28 rector et erector, Decanus Foraneus Vschovensis natus Anno 1673 vir vere apostolicus cui smilem Swięchiechovia optare magis, quam habere poterit, sedas. Ejus dotes dotes lapis hic de pariete clamabit, Fabricam non finivit, nec fuit auctor operis imperfecti. Morae impatiens coelum ferre diutius talem virum non potuit, quin coronarit. Obiit Anno 1736 September 29th Aetatis Anno 64 “.
The obelisk on the church property was erected in 1746. It is reminiscent of bones that were found in the extension of the church in the 18th century. The inscription reads: “DOMPM Anno Domini 1746. The funeral of the dead was solemnly held on September 22nd with the approval of a most honorable Consistorii, buried in this place a long time ago Christians have set and raised this stone pillar. You, who read this, go sigh and say: Grant them, O GOD, eternal rest and that everlasting light let them shine ”.
Three chapels were probably built at the end of the 15th century. They were on the roads to Lissa (Leszno) , Fraustadt (Wschowa) and Gollmitz ( Gołanice ). All three chapels were torn down by the National Socialists in 1939/1940. After the occupation ended, two chapels were rebuilt on the site of the old one.
Another attraction is the mill.
local community
Święciechowa is the seat of a rural community ( gmina wiejska ) with an area of 134.97 km² and about 7,000 inhabitants. The following localities belong to the municipality:
| Surname | German name (1815-1920) |
German name (1939–45) |
|---|---|---|
| Długie Nowe | New arbor | New building |
| Długie Stare | Old arbor | Old arbor |
| Gołanice | Gollmitz | Gollmitz |
| Henrykowo | Heinrichshof | Heinrichshof |
| Krzycko Małe | Klein Kreutsch | Kreutsch |
| Książęcy Las | Fürstenwalde | Fürstenwalde |
| Lasocice | Lasswitz | Lasswitz |
| Niechłód | Niches | Niches |
| Ogrody | Garthe | Garthe |
| Piotrowice | Petersdorf | Petersdorf |
| Przybyszewo | Priebisch | Priebisch |
| Strzyżewice | Striesewitz | Bar |
| Święciechowa | Schwetzkau | Schwetzkau |
| Trzebiny | Treben | Treben |
Economy and Infrastructure
traffic
Święciechowa does not have its own train station; the train station in Leszno, which is directly adjacent to the city, is about four kilometers from the town center. The district of Lasocice has a service station on the Łódź – Forst (Lausitz) railway line .
There are a few smaller roads leading to the surrounding villages. A road leads south to Lasocice and meets state road 12 ( droga krajowa 12 ), which connects Leszno and Głogów. The European route 261 runs through Leszno and is about five kilometers away from Święciechowa.
The Poznań-Ławica Airport is the nearest international airport. It is located about 70 kilometers northeast of the village and can be reached via the E261.
Established businesses
Agriculture is economically important for the community. Around 60.8 percent of the community's area is used for agriculture and around 40 percent of the residents are employed in agriculture, with feed cultivation and pig breeding dominating.
Public facilities
The city has its own volunteer fire brigade .
education
In 1610 it was reported that there was a brick school. The city magistrate paid the teacher 60 złoty a year and was responsible for maintaining the building. The occupation of the teaching position was, however, the right of the pastor Schwetzkaus, who thus had a correspondingly great influence on school education and also exercised it. At the same time, the pastor was obliged to visit the church twice a year. In addition to the catechism and some prayers, reading and writing were also taught. Singing was also taught. In 1803 around 65 of the 200 children attended school. At that time there was a teacher, shortly afterwards a second was employed to make schooling possible, as declared by the Prussian government. In 1844 a new school building for the four-class elementary school was built on the site of the school that burned down in 1780. In 2007 there was a school center in the place, which included the elementary and secondary schools ( Zespół Szkół Szkoła Podstawowa i Gimnazjum ). For the high school ( liceum ) the students go to Leszno. The village kindergarten is located directly on the market square.
literature
- Heinrich Wuttke : City book of the country Posen. Codex diplomaticus: General history of the cities in the region of Poznan. Historical news from 149 individual cities . Leipzig 1864, p. 452.
- Johannes Schulz: On the history of Schwetzkau, a monastery town in Fraustädter Land , Cologne / Vienna 1971, ISBN 3-412-09971-6
- Odwart Winterfeld: The inhabitants of the city of Schwetzkau 1636–1945 , in: Ostdeutsche Familienkunde 10 (1962), pp. 33–42
Web links
- Website of the municipality (Polish, English)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Główny Urząd Statystyczny, Portret miejscowości statystycznych w gminie Święciechowa (powiat leszczyński, województwo wielkopolskie) w 2010 r. Online query
- ↑ population. Size and Structure by Territorial Division. As of June 30, 2019. Główny Urząd Statystyczny (GUS) (PDF files; 0.99 MiB), accessed December 24, 2019 .
- ↑ Website of the municipality, Kontakty - Kierownictwo Urzędu ( Memento of 24 February 2015, Internet Archive ), accessed on February 24, 2015
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg Johannes Schulz: On the history of Schwetzkau, a monastery town in Fraustädter Land , 1971
- ↑ a b c d e f g Wuttke (1864), p. 452.
- ↑ Radlewo was abandoned as a place early on
- ↑ Franz Meurer, "The medieval city plan ..." 1914, p. 57
- ↑ Winterfeld, Odwart; 1962, p. 33
- ↑ The family was also spelled Cordebog or Korzbok and had immigrated from Silesia
- ↑ Liber mortuorum monasterii Lubinensis, p. 640
- ↑ cf. Historical overview on the website of the municipality Archived copy ( memento of the original from September 29, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Archive link ( Memento from September 28, 2007 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. pos_lissa.html. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
- ↑ or Sanner or Senner
- ↑ Johannes Schulz, 1971, p. 97. The Polish text reads: “Maciej i Mikołaj Radowiccy dwaj bracia rodzeni, półczwarta each, a drugi półtrzecia lat przeżywszy, śmiertelności dług oddali, starszy dnia 11. młodszy dnia 12. Maja A. 1639 tu w jednym grobie położenie, którym żałośni rodzice Maciej z małych Radowisk Radowicki z wojewóddztwa i powiatu chełmińskiego y Zofia y Kiszew Licecka y miłości na wieczną pamiątkey ten nagrobek
- ↑ Deo Omnipotenti Maximo. Piae memoriae
- ↑ Johannes Schulz, 1971, p. 124, German: The almighty great God for honor, for pious memory. Stand still, wanderers and read! Here lies Matthäus Damian Schmidt, leader of this church for 28 years and its builder, dean of the dean's office in Frauenstadt, born in 1673, a truly apostolic man like Schwetzkau would more like than could have had. I want to keep silent about his excellent spiritual gifts and merits, but the stone here on the wall will announce them. He did not complete the building of the church, but he was not the author of an unfinished work. Impatient about the delay, Heaven could no longer bear not to crown such a man. He died on September 29, 1736 at the age of 64.
- ↑ Archived copy ( Memento of the original from March 3, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Archived copy ( Memento of the original from March 3, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
